It is said that Yuanmingyuan is "the treasure of garden art and the essence of architectural art" because there are not only folk buildings here, but also; Some were built under the names of various p

It is said that Yuanmingyuan is "the treasure of garden art and the essence of architectural art" because there are not only folk buildings here, but also; Some were built under the names of various places. Yuanmingyuan not only brings together several famous scenic spots in the south of the Yangtze River, but also creatively transplanted western garden buildings and integrated the gardening art of ancient and modern China and foreign countries.

Dacheng. There are magnificent palaces, light and exquisite pavilions in the garden; There are "buying and selling streets" symbolizing lively markets and "mountain villas" symbolizing rural scenery; Some are modeled after the autumn moon in Pinghu, the sunset photos of Leifeng in Hangzhou West Lake, and some are modeled after the lion forest scenic spots in Suzhou. There are also poems and paintings modeled after ancient poets and painters, such as Penglai Yaotai and Wuling Chunjing. It can be said that Yuanmingyuan is the crystallization of wisdom and sweat of working people in China and people in China.

It is also a model of culture. Not only that, Yuanmingyuan has countless styles.

Very precious historical books and rich and precious historical relics, such as paintings, gold and silver jewelry, Song and Yuan porcelain, are one of the treasures of human culture. It can also be said to be the largest museum in the world.

Yuanmingyuan is a large-scale artificial garden with beautiful scenery. The flat land is stacked with mountains to control water, exquisite garden buildings and wide planting of flowers and trees. Intermittent

The winding water surface, pavilions, winding corridors, islands, bridges and embankments divide the vast space into 100 scenic spots with different tastes surrounded by mountains and rivers. The water surface in the park accounts for about four-tenths of the total area of the three parks. Large, medium and small water surfaces are artificially dug on the flat ground, and the rivers flowing around the circle are connected in series to form a complete river and lake system. There are 250 earth mountains in the park, large and small, which are combined with the water system. The water turns with the mountains and the mountains live because of the water, forming a well-defined garden space. Make the whole garden look like

Like smoke, like water, although it is made by people, it is endless.

Water theme characteristics of architecture

The landscape of Yuanmingyuan is mostly based on water, which makes it interesting, and many of them directly absorb the interest of famous waterscapes in the south of the Yangtze River. Surrounded by nine small islands, the Houhu Scenic Area of Yuanmingyuan is a symbol of Gong Yu and Jiuzhou.

The Yuanmingyuan small gardens or scenic spots built on each island have their own characteristics and learn from each other. There is a good chance of climbing Yueyang Tower to see Dongting Lake. "The rainbow is near the lake, spanning hundreds of feet, trimming fences and cutting wings, and it is a wide pavilion. The reflection of the tattoo, between the lintels and overlooking the sky, is a blue sky. " The west coast looks like watching fish in Yuquan, Hangzhou. Commonly known as goldfish pond. "Chiseling pool is a country where fish are happy, and there are more than a thousand scales beside the pool." Wanfang Anhe is in the west of Yuanmingyuan, and the house is built in the lake, which looks like a swastika.

Looking at the other side, there are strange flowers and different embroideries. Yong Zhengdi likes living here. Shui Mu residents in the north of Yuanmingyuan used Taixi (Xize) water method to introduce water into the room, and turned the fan. "The forest is rustling, the water is flowing, the stream is rustling and the birds are singing." Emperor Qianlong likes to spend the summer here. The moon and the sea in the West Lake of Changchun Garden are open, and there are three halls on the circular platform of Bai Yushi, which look very similar from a distance.

Just so-so

Penglai Yaotai in Fuhai is based on the mythical Penglai Fairy Island, formerly known as Penglai Island. According to legend, Qin Shihuang sent a man named Xu Fu to lead more than 1000 people.

Go to the east to cross the sea, seek fairyland and fairy medicine for him, and let the enterprise live forever. This can only be "a sailing tourist will talk about Japan, and the water and fog are hidden outside the method." Yong Zhengdi asked craftsmen to build three islands with rugged boulders in the East Lake of Yuanmingyuan, symbolizing the legendary "Three Immortals Mountain" of Penglai, Yingzhou and the abbot. There are halls and pavilions on the island to enjoy the platform.

Five. Twelve Jade Buildings ",and press" Xu Yuanmingyuan "

The meaning of "searching in the rich sea" named East Lake "Fuhai". There are also more than ten beautiful gardens on the four banks of Fuhai. Fuhai, five or six hundred meters wide from east to west, north to south, and the surrounding small waters, is about 35 hectares, which is equivalent to the water surface of Beihai Park. Here, the water is open and the scenery is beautiful. Every year during the Dragon Boat Festival, a large-scale dragon boat race is held here. On the night of July 15, the Qing emperor watched the river lantern here. After freezing in winter, the emperor took an ice bed to play in Fuhai. Fuhai is actually the water entertainment center of Yuanmingyuan. Architecture is a national masterpiece.

Another notable feature of Yuanmingyuan is that it imitates many famous gardens all over the country, especially in the south of the Yangtze River. Li Hongceng, emperor of Qianlong, visited Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces six times in the south, visited Wutai stations in the west and visited Daiyue, Jehol, Shengjing (Shenyang) and Panshan Mountain in the east. Wherever he goes, he likes famous mountains, rivers and gardens. After returning to Beijing, he will let the accompanying painters draw and copy in the garden. According to incomplete statistics, there are no fewer than forty or fifty places that directly copy the landscape of Yuanmingyuan. The ten scenic spots of West Lake in Hangzhou are all copied from the park, and the names will not be changed. As the saying goes: Who says that the scenery in the south of the Yangtze River is beautiful, and the sky is shrinking in your arms? After Emperor Qianlong's southern tour, Yuanmingyuan has four famous gardens in the south of the Yangtze River. An Lan Garden in the northwest of Fuhai is one of them. In the twenty-seventh year of Qianlong's southern tour, Chen Jiao Garden in Haining was named "An Lan Garden". Emperor Qianlong liked the wonderful structure of this garden very much. After returning to Beijing, he rebuilt and built around the Four Overflows Bookstore in Yuanmingyuan, imitating its location. After the garden was completed, it was named "An Lan Garden". At that time, Changchun Garden also built three other famous gardens. One is the Xiaoleyuan Garden, which was built in the East Courtyard of Siyongzhai in the 23rd year of Qianlong's reign, modeled after the Wangyuan Garden of West Lake in Hangzhou. One was built in the thirty-second year of Qianlong, modeled after Jiangning (Nanjing). One is the lion forest built in the thirty-seventh year of Qianlong, modeled after the famous gardens in Suzhou. For example, the Garden and Lion Forest have 16 scenic spots respectively. West peak of Yuanmingyuan

, is the place where Yong Zhengdi and Emperor Qianlong set up the Qixi Bridge Banquet on the seventh day of July every year. Here, you can borrow the scenery of the western hills. On the west bank of the river, there are a group of overlapping mountains, majestic and steep, and waterfalls in the mountain stream rush down. Looking closely, it looks like the majestic momentum of Lushan Mountain, hence the name "Little Kuanglu". Sitting on a stone by a stream, imitating the Yinshan Lanting in Shaoxing. Built in Yongzheng period, commonly known as Liu Beiting. Scholars such as Wang Xizhi of the Eastern Jin Dynasty once lived in Yonghe for nine years.

(that is, the last day) will be held in Huiji Lanting.

Poems and wedges (sacrificial activities) have been handed down as stories. This Lanting in Yuanmingyuan is in the stream.

The steep train is separated from the shock wave, and a triple bay double eaves pavilion is built. Forty-four years after Qianlong, he collected six "Preface to Lanting" posts by famous calligraphers of past dynasties, plus

Yu Minhong and Emperor Qianlong personally wrote the Eight Pillars of Lanting. Emperor Qianlong requested that the pavilion be converted into eight directions and replaced with stone pillars, each of which was engraved with pillars. This is the famous Eight Pillars of Lanting in Yuanmingyuan. Dagong Kuanran, later also known as Shuanghezhai, was modeled after Jichang Garden in Huishan, Wuxi. The northern part of this scene is in the middle period of Qianlong, which is modeled after the Yunlin stone chamber rock of Panshan Jingji Mountain Villa.

Poetry praises "Shuanghezhai": the structure is deep like Huishan, and the famous garden is leisurely. The winding path is steep, the pine and cypress are lush, the hole is rugged, and the stone is not stubborn. People know that the humorous garden in the Summer Palace is modeled after Huishan Airport Garden. In fact, there was a Jichang Garden in Yuanmingyuan at that time. It's just that the artistic conception of the two imitations has its own merits. Spring scenery in Wuling describes the artistic conception of Tao Yuanming's Peach Blossom Garden. Built at the end of Kangxi, it was called Taohuawu during Yongzheng. This used to be the place where Li Hong studied, and the library was called "Leshan Hall". In this scene, it is said that there are 10 thousand mountain peaches. There is an ancient Taohuawu in Nagato, Suzhou, which is said to be the former residence of Tang Bohu. Although the name of Taohuawu in Yuanmingyuan is adopted, it is a peach blossom garden that Wu Xia can't compare with.

The modeling feature of the building is that there are more than 100 gardens and scenic buildings in Yuanming Three Gardens, which are usually called 100 scenic spots. It integrates various garden buildings such as halls, pavilions, pavilions, halls and corridors, covering an area of about 6.5438+0.6 million square meters. More than the total construction area of the Forbidden City 10000 square meters. The buildings in the park not only absorbed the advantages of the palace-style buildings of past dynasties, but also broke through the shackles of official norms in many aspects such as plane configuration, appearance modeling and group combination, and recruited a wide variety. Create many in our country.

They are extremely rare architectural forms, such as, porch, temple, and fan-shaped, bow-shaped, round mirror-shaped, I-shaped, herringbone-shaped, cross-shaped, square-shaped, scroll-shaped and so on. In addition, in the garden layout, the scenery follows the trend.

; All kinds of scenery in the park are interlocking and distinct, forming a colorful, natural and harmonious overall beauty. France

Wang Zhicheng, who once had an image description, said: There are many changes in the form of the buildings in Yuanmingyuan, and

. Each of its small palaces seems to be made according to a strange model, which seems to be randomly arranged, and none of them is the same as the others. Everything is so interesting that people can't enjoy the scenery at a glance. They must study it carefully bit by bit.