The degree of development of killing game at home and abroad

China's killing game development history (full)

China's killing game development history (full)

This article is reprinted from the Sina Killing Forum

China's Killing Game Development History (Full)

As an enthusiast concerned about the killing game for more than five years, I'm glad to see that this game has been spreading gradually

on the Chinese land. Over the past five years or so, I have developed a habit of searching the Internet for content about killing games on a regular basis. Li

Using this opportunity, I will form the text of what I have learned about the development of the killing game over the years, and offer it to you.

The following summaries, while written by me personally, all have reliable sources and provenance. Where there is no definitive source

I will list all the various claims. Over the past few years, many people have contributed to the promotion and development of the game

. It's hard to give credit to certain people for the development of a game, so I'll try to break down the game's development

by stage, rather than by geography or rules changes.

Finally, the content of this article may differ or even go against some of the popular claims on the internet. As the author, I am only telling the readers the facts

that I have sought to verify, and I ask the readers to discern the accuracy or otherwise of the claims.

One, the origin of the killing game

***The same saying is that the killing game originated in foreign countries, but the reason for the initial formation of the various opinions.

The killing game in English is called "mafia", meaning mafia, the initial role of the game is the mafia and villagers, after

Slowly evolved to killers and civilians.

On the origins of the killing game, one theory is that it came from the MBA training program, a kind of mental

game to train team spirit in class. This theory is now more widely circulated.

Another theory is that it originated in Silicon Valley, a practice invented by IT people to relieve mental stress, and that it was more prevalent in the early days of

killing games in China.

There's also the story that the game originated with a group of mountain climbers who were bored

inventing the game while waiting for good weather suitable for summiting at a camp. This theory is the most romanticized and is more acceptable to women.

The origin of the killing game is most notably these three theories. The author himself is relatively more inclined to the third, because

it is the most consistent with the initial state of the birth of this new game. Boredom, nothing to do, no props, lots of time

and people. This game was bound to be fairly rudimentary and disorganized when it was first invented. Over time, the game slowly

circulated, and because of its unique nature of tapping into the psyche, it's possible that it was gradually borrowed for MBA programs or outreach training.

This shows that the early birth of the killing game should be a variety of factors, multiple environments **** the same role in the results, and

should have gone through a relatively long process.

Second, the killing game into China

With the origin of the killing game is similar to the killing game, the killing game into China is also a gradual process.

The specific time has not been able to

examine, my personal contact claimed that the earliest Chinese people who have played the killing game is said to be in 1997 to play.

In fact, in the early days of the murder game, even the game itself is still in the embryonic stage, who played first naturally can not be proved,

Because some of the virtual concepts of the murder game, such as the secret room, the last words, take turns to speak in search of the murderer, etc. has long been used in a number of detective

deductive reasoning novels, so that anyone who reads these novels can pat themselves on the back and say that they have a very early understanding of the murder game

This is a good example of a game of murder, which has been used for years. understood

the killing game a long time ago. Exploring the forerunners of the game is thus lost.

However, some things are still certain, for example, China's first online killing game forum was established in Guangzhou around

2001, which can be regarded as the originator of China's online killing game, the rules are relatively simple, and the game is a loose system

whoever has time to go to the altar to post an article to say a few words, a game can even be drag on for a month. When I searched for killing games in the first few years, this kill alt was always the first one, then the first place in the search was replaced by killbar, and now it's hard to find. Thanks to pener for the address /comm/killer/index.asp, I can see that the first killbar in the country is still alive.

There's also a theory that the killing game was brought to China by Silicon Valley students in 1999, and then spread to

Beijing through a media meetup. I don't know the specifics of this meetup, and I have no way of verifying it, so perhaps it was indeed a relatively early game that took place in China

. But I don't think this will be the only way for killing games to enter China, because when a game has become so popular that it transcends national boundaries, its player base is bound to be of a certain size. The entry of killing games into China should

be the result of multiple points of penetration.

I personally began to contact the killing game is in October 2000 in the BBS to see a transfer from the Fudan Sun and Moonlight article, which

The article introduces the rules of the paradigm is 336, three policemen, three killers, six civilians, accompanied by the three identities

Some of their respective game strategy and the judge's attention, and so on. It should be noted that while the strategies in this article are still rudimentary,

it's the rules flow that is presented quite clearly and engagingly. To this day, I can still see this

article in many places, doubly so.

Another person to mention is Jia Shuanglin, a reporter for the China Youth Daily (known as the Youth Times), who in a 2001

article on the game of murder was described as "widely recognized as one of the first murderous gamers in China". From his

introduction, he said he started playing the game in the second half of 2000, about the same time as I did.

At that time, a lot of the stuff about the killing game that you could find on the Internet was written by Jia Shuanglin, who wrote Before and After the Year, Killing People

More Than That, as well as Beijing IT Circle's Popular Killing Game, which also contains some of his experiences of killing people, such as those who killed people with Zhang Chaoyang

, and so on. Jia Shuanglin himself was a reporter for the China Youth Daily who ran the IT circle, and according to him, the killing game was quite popular in Beijing's IT and

media circles at the time.

Until 2002, in addition to Jia Shuanglin's article, the only article on the Internet that analyzed the killing game was

"A Sociological Explanation of the Killing Game. Judging from the content of the article, the author should also be a player in Beijing, and

also belongs to the IT and media circles. From this, we can see that in the first few years of the game's arrival in China, its development was very slow, and the circle of players

was gradually expanded mainly by word-of-mouth.

Three, the promotion of the early stage

2003 should be regarded as China's murder game development history of a more important year. Mainly happened two things, one is each

college bbs on the establishment of the killing game of the specialized forum, making the killing game from the network under the respective war began to network

exchange and integration. Secondly, the movie Please Close Your Eyes When It's Dark began to be filmed, reflecting the mainstream culture's concern for killing games.

March 5, 2003, Nankai bbs set up the first killing game layout kingkiller version, which marked the beginning of the killing game

theory of game techniques and tactics. In fact, Nankai kingkiller version is also the national network on the first for killing game

professional discussion forum. The Guangzhou Kingkiller Forum I mentioned earlier only provides a gaming environment, but does not theorize

research.

The birth of Nankai kingkiller is the inevitable development of the killing game, this forum is based on a group of players who have been playing together for more than two

years. Out of the same love for the game, they have been gradually figuring out the rules of the game, totaling

experience, and perfecting the rules during their long gatherings. Eventually, they established the basis of the Nankai 335 rules, which were later rated by many players around the world

as the most rigorous and logical, and in this regard, the profound discussions of the Nankai Murder group played a decisive role

in this regard.

Kingkiller version after the opening, based on the Nankai 335 rules, the development of the long line, short line game method, the same

The same time to set the standard configuration of the game - 113, 114, 224, 335. these standards have been used to this day. In the

more than two years since then, many enthusiasts have raised the game theory to a considerable height, Nankai kingkiller essence of the area stored

hundreds of thousands of words of tactical seminar articles. Many articles were reproduced by many parties. It should be said that until today, kingkiller essence area

reserved tactical articles still occupy the top level of the national killing game theorizing.

In fact, before the opening of kingkiller, in many colleges and universities on the bbs are in the killing game discussion, especially fudan

Sun and moonlight, Nankai small lily, zhejiang university ethereal water and clouds and so on the detective version of the place, all from 2002 or early 2003 on

started to hold the layout of the killing game, and in the meantime the formation of a very standardized version of the killing process. The first time I saw the game, it was a very standardized version of the process of killing. The only thing is that at that time the version of the kill is based on the detective

version, did not set up a separate page only.

In 2003, during the SARS outbreak, with the help of special environmental factors, the network killing game in the major bbs produced a big outbreak

. Taking Shuimu Qinghua as an example, since the beginning of April in the detective version of a version of the kill, Shuimu on a lot of pages have

began to hold this game. The game has created an atmosphere of killing all over the station, and even small bbs on the Tsinghua campus such as Between Heaven and Earth

have joined in the game. In the end, the station management issued a special announcement to intervene and prohibit the further popularization of the killing game.

This led to the creation of detectiveclub, the only forum on Shui Mu Qing Hua dedicated to killing games, as well as c-k, the first online killing

game program.

Mizuki's killing game craze during SARS was just a microcosm of the overall state of the bbs at the time. With this full-scale promotion

, special killing game pages were constructed on many bbs, and the killing game program on Mizuki was ported and adapted to some of the other

bbs. Since then, the killing game enthusiasts on the major bbs have carried out many exchanges, and through the network platform, all kinds of

rules have been practiced, and the killing game enthusiasts on the bbs have gradually merged into a whole.

"Please Close Your Eyes When It's Dark" is the first movie to use the killing game as a backdrop, but unfortunately, the director's biased

opinion about the game made the movie doomed to failure from the start. Forrest Gump's framing of the game as a "lying" game is in itself a sign of his lack of understanding of the game, and his choice of a horror-thriller theme is even more wishful thinking. Although the film was advertised with a lot of emphasis on the "killing game" context, because of the bias of the dominant ideology, Shut Up When It's Dark

was seen by many killing game players as a poorly made film.

However, the movie did in fact publicize the killing game, and since then, "

Please close your eyes when it's dark" has been used as a synonym for "killing game" in many places. But the misleading propaganda about the game's ugly

human nature has gradually faded as people learn more about the game.

It should be noted that although "Shut Up When It's Dark" is the first movie in China to use the game as a backdrop,

some of the movies that came out before it vaguely have the shadow of the killing game. For example, Hitchcock's North by Northwest, Rene Ha

Lin's Ambush on All Sides, and <Reservoir Dogs> to name a few. Through the development of these films, we can also feel

the trajectory of the gradual formation of the killing game.

Four, the commercialization process

Whether it is the establishment of the layout on the bbs, or the broadcast of "Please Close Your Eyes in the Dark", have played a role in promoting the popularity of the killing game

. There are also members of the major outdoor sports clubs, who are accustomed to the killing game as a necessary recreational

activity after camping. Some media outlets have also begun to pay attention to the game, categorizing it as a new bar fad or using it as a gimmick for

entertainment programs such as Anhui TV's Super Winner. In short, these factors have led to a growing popularity of the game after 2003

, which originally belonged to some fixed circles. With the further popularity of the killing game, many public forums

have set up special killing game forums, which has also contributed to the commercialization of the killing game is beginning to appear.

In the summer of 2003, a "killing bar" appeared in Nanjing, based on the board under the Zijinshan Mountain in Xizi Hutong. I'm not sure

this was the first "killing bar" in the country, but I'm sure it was the first place in the media where killing games were the main focus of

business.

The bar was still a bar, but the rooms were filled with tables of killing games, and the bar offered points and tournaments

. In today's world, these practices are considered the beginnings of a commercialized model for killing games. But judging from the drinks-only fees

, the bar's owners didn't expect the killing games to bring much economic benefit, but more just to create a base exclusively for people in the same

path to play.

The media have been negative about the emergence of "kill bars," criticizing mainly the use of murder and gore to attract customers

. The fate of this first-of-its-kind killing bar remains to be seen, but it has lived up to the expectations of many killers in the hearts of

human game enthusiasts -- to create a professional killing place.

In the summer of 2004, killbar, the first website specializing in online killing games, was born, followed by a number of

other websites, including Youlian, which also set up their own killing zones. But all of these newcomers made killing games one of their own

specialty services, and there has been no second pure killing game site like killbar.

The ****same feature of these online killing platforms is the opening of a game room by players, who then play

games in the room according to certain rules, and players only need to log in to the site without downloading additional programs. There was once a site that attempted to create a platform similar to United

Crowd's Killing Game, where players would need to download a program called Killing Game and register to start playing, but

that site is now dead.

Till today, killbar's daily online population is usually around a few hundred, which is not a fast growth rate for an online platform that has been open for more than a year. My personal analysis is that the current online killing game has some of the **** same drawbacks,

such as the players are not good at preventing cheating, and the main game means in the game is not to analyze but to post the identity information provided by the computer or verification

certificates of information, and so on. All of these problems make it difficult to keep the game fun for a long time.

In December 2004, xclub opened in Beijing, China's first real-world

place specializing in killing games as its main business. Because the founders of the club were committed to the "professionalization" of killing games, they put a lot of effort into creating a unique gaming environment.

xclub soon established a stable customer base, and within six months, the club was already overcrowded.

Subsequently, a number of murderous game clubs modeled after xclub have been established, and there are nearly a dozen of them in Beijing alone, such as Amusing Cool, Ice Fruit,

Heart Trick, AK, KK, etc. In Shandong, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen, xclub has established a stable customer base. In Shandong, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Xi'an and other places also have killing game clubs opened. In a moment

The commercialization of killing games is in full swing and coming on strong.

I met with the founders of xclub, Stroll and Zhou Zhou, twice, and realized that, like me, they were both obsessive lovers of killing games. Stroll, in particular, has a deep appreciation for the game, and has made it his mission to promote the development of killing games.

I have been to many killing game clubs in Beijing. I think, from the point of view of the business idea, more are holding a kind of panning for the first bucket of

gold mentality to enter this industry. They lacked the ability to dig into the essence of the game, so they could only follow in the footsteps of the pioneers. Lacking the courage to be the first in the world, it is naturally difficult to innovate, and in this way, the business results can be imagined.

The emergence of the murder game professional club should be said to be the murder game in China's development to a new height, more and more

More and more people to devote themselves to this industry, not only explains the attraction of this game also explains the prospects of this industry. However, as more and more people begin to understand the game, the competition between clubs will become increasingly fierce, and the outcome of the battle will depend on how well the merchants dig into the product in their hands -- the killing game.

Five, the evolution of the rules

1, the characteristics of the rules of the game of murder

From the birth of the game of murder to date, step by step from the bud to maturity. In the process, hundreds of various kinds of game

The game rules were invented. So why are all these games with very different rules called "killing games"? In my opinion

there are three criteria for determining whether a game is a "killing game" or not.

One, the exit mechanism, that is, a certain number of people according to the agreed rules gradually eliminated players, until the survivors win.

Second, the opposing groups, that is, two opposing groups with different abilities, respectively, with their own ability to try to eliminate the opponent, in order to

to obtain their own survival. For example, the killer's ability is to eliminate opponents by killing them, while the good side can only use voting to eliminate opponents. On the other

there are also rules that set up a third party to be used to balance the game, but basically opposing sides is something that is

present in all killing game rules.

Third, covert action, that is, the game is divided into two parts, day and night, part of the players in the dark night using special abilities to ameliorate

eliminate opponents, all the players in the daytime through the speech and vote to eliminate opponents. The actions of the players in the darkness of the night are not public, while the actions of the players in the daytime

are public.

From what I've learned about the rules so far, all of them conform to these three characteristics. It can be said that the killing game is a variant of the "survival

game", and it is precisely because of the covert action phase in the darkness of the night, and the special

ability to directly eliminate competitors in the darkness of the night, that the game is called "killing game

The game is called "The Killing Game.

2, the rules of the killing game in the development of foreign countries

As mentioned earlier, the rules of the killing game in the early stage is extremely childish, kw said he had played in 96 years or so, a kind of "squeeze

eye killing" game, the killer of a player a squeeze, the player died, and the player can not break the killer

eye killing" game, the player can not say anything about the killer

eyes. The player couldn't tell who the killer

was.

It is conceivable that the development of the killing game to today, the rules of which have been changed many times, such as the emergence of the judge, such as

such as the setting of the last words, such as the birth of a variety of roles, and even from a killer to a number of killers, and so on have each had a gradual process of evolution

Changes. After a long period of trial and elimination, the elements of the rules that were best suited to the development of the game were preserved, gradually forming the shape of the game as it is

today.

The forum at Princeton University in the United States has a section devoted to killing games. The rules section therein documents the rules of dozens of

various kinds of killing games, and many of the characters added are very much characteristic of Western culture, such as the Mafia, angels

, werewolves, cowboys, and so on. I don't know much about foreign killing games, just from these rules, foreign killing games

usually focus on entertainment, by adding game characters and character abilities to achieve fun and balance, although lively, but generally

lack of in-depth study of the same rules. I think these features may be related to national cultural characteristics.

3, the version of the rules of the killing game said

In the domestic network, a more common saying is that the version of the rules of the killing game is from 1.0 to 4.0 (no police rules,

police rules, doctor rules, butterfly rules). The so-called 1.0 refers to the base game with only killers and civilians, and

the later versions are made by adding characters to the base game. For example, cops, secret police, butterflies, and so on.

My personal analysis is that the serial numbers of the versions correspond to the development of the game rules, but the versions are not born in the world

These versions are not handed down from abroad, but are added by domestic fans for the sake of easy introduction.

For example, in 2000, the first article I came across that introduced the rules of the game was from the rules of the police, and there was no mention of the version

of the book, but only added a sentence at the end of the article, "Now there are also games without police, the discussion is longer and more intense

and the killer is more likely to succeed. "This shows that the author of the article at the time even regarded the no-police rules as an upgraded version of the rules with police

As far as I understand it, the so-called 1.0 and 2.0 rules are supposed to be imported from abroad, as can be seen from those rule introductions at Princeton University

. The Doctor and Secret Police additions, on the other hand, would have been the idea of domestic enthusiasts. The butterfly rule is said

to have come in from Russia, and whether or not this is true, there is no doubt that this rule should

have been imported from abroad, judging from the characterization of the game.

4, now the domestic popular rules

Now the more popular domestic murder game rules are mostly 2.0-based, supplemented by other versions of the game. In the 2.0 version of the game

in the popular rules of the killers and police equal number. But there are many subtle differences

Internet forum versions

Represented by killbar, Youlian, etc., the prevailing rule is to use time to limit day and night. The game starts in the daytime, and during the day

discussions are held in any order and can be voted on at any time, and when the time is up or if someone gets more than half of the votes, the game goes into the night. The dead of each night can leave

last words, and the dead of each day are announced. The killer wins if he kills all the cops or all the good guys, and the good guys

win if the killer dies out.

This rule arose from the nature of the Internet, which makes it difficult to keep the game in order and to prevent situations such as player lulls

from occurring, and so a method of limiting it by time was adopted.

College league version

Taking Tsinghua, Nankai, Baiyun, Tianta and other bbs as the representative, the prevailing rules are the standard rules of the college killing game, also known as "

high standard rules".

The predecessor of the high standard rules is the "Nankai rules", that is, the Nankai kingkiller version of the game after a few years to hone the mature rules

Rules, the standard configuration of 335, the game from the beginning of the night, each night the dead can leave the last words, during the day, each player has two rounds

Speaking opportunities, votes must be split repeatedly until someone gets more than half the votes, each daytime dead person announces their identity, killers can win by killing all cops

or killing all civilians, killers die out then the good guys win.

The high standard rule was born in December 2004 in the national college killing game congress, the killing game version of the major bbs

masters will gather in Tianjin, through the discussion, comparison, practice, synthesize the advantages of the original Nankai rules, determine a more reflective of the killing game

interesting high standard rules. High standard rules are characterized by rigorous rules, extremely logical,. At the same time this rule is also the most similar to the original introduction of

killing game rules, but because of the higher requirements for players, so mainly popular in colleges and universities.

Commercial promotion version

The rules were created by the xclub, which is represented by all the murder clubs that are now sprouting up across the country. The standard configuration is 4

48. The game starts in the dark, only the first 4 dead can leave their last words, during the day each player has a round of speaking opportunities, the most

many votes directly to death, each daytime dead do not announce the identity of the killers kill all the police to win, kill all the civilians counted as a tie, the killers die

light is good people to win.

Before the xclub rules were introduced, the closest thing I could find to them was a rule on the mop forums stating that only the

first dead of the game could leave a last message, and that each daytime dead was unannounced. In fact, prior to 2005

, none of the rules I've seen ever limited the number of last words, and all of them published the identities of the daytime dead. I hypothesize that the reason there were

these changes to the mop rules was to increase the killer win rate through rule changes.

Sixth, afterword

Chinese killing game development process is still continuing, I just put my understanding of the situation organized to provide hobby this

the game friends as a reference. I have always believed that the killing game is a very suitable game for Chinese people to play, and this is true in terms of the development of the killing

game. Only intelligent and wise Chinese people can play a psychological game so thoroughly

. Although the killing game originated abroad, I hope that one day it will take a standardized

form in China and go beyond the country's borders to become a new intellectual sport that China will contribute to the world.

Author's introduction (please specify, thank you)

bababo, 2000 began to contact the killing game, on March 5, 2003 applied for the opening of the country's first forum dedicated to the study of killing game techniques and tactics - Nankai kingkiller and served as the first moderator. In 2003, he organized the Nankai - Tsinghua killing game match, in 2004, he organized and participated in the joint long line of Nankai, Tsinghua and Baiyun for many times, and at the end of 2004, he organized the first killing game conference of national colleges and universities, and in 2005, he became the moderator of Tsinghua kingkiller, and in 2005, he inspected the killing game clubs in Beijing for many times. In 2005, he visited many killing game clubs in Beijing and exchanged ideas with many killing game enthusiasts. The first time I saw this was when I was a kid, and it was the first time I'd ever seen a kid.