What are the traditional cultures in China?

The first day of the first lunar month is the biggest traditional festival in China. The customs in Zhejiang are the same as those in the whole country, and the Spring Festival is especially grand and lively. Celebrations are colorful, with auspiciousness as the core. There are mainly auspicious customs such as setting off firecrackers, paying New Year greetings and eating rice cakes.

1, you must speak auspicious words on the first day:

"Journey to the West Lake" records that during the Spring Festival in Hangzhou and other places in the Ming Dynasty, every household inserted cypress branches on persimmons in the hall, and held big oranges below, saying "Everything will be fine"; Because cypress, persimmon and orange are homophonic.

2, the custom of the eve:

Suzhou and Hangzhou take the third day of the first month as the custom of "New Year's Eve". On this day, you can't sweep the floor, beg for fire, or draw water for the New Year. On this day, every household will meet the kitchen god, and there is a well house next to every household. In the morning, incense is prepared and vegetarian food is provided to the well site. The new red paper seal posted on the well site on New Year's Eve is removed, which is called "well opening". On the fifth day of the new year, ordinary residents in Hangzhou buy "golden chaff" for their ancestors and seek "golden chaff" luck.

the Lantern Festival

During the Tang and Song Dynasties, the custom of watching lanterns on the Lantern Festival was very popular in Zhejiang. Bai Juyi, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, recorded the grand occasion of the Hangzhou Lantern Festival and compared it with the Kyoto Lantern Festival: "Lights are everywhere, and Xiao Sheng is everywhere. I think Dili is ok, and I don't like Hangzhou either. " In the Song Dynasty, the Lantern Festival, which lasted for three days, was extended to five days, indicating "a bumper harvest of grains". According to the record of numerous victories of the old people in the West Lake, "there is Longshan in the south and Beixinqiao in the north, with 40 miles of lights." Hanging lanterns from Guanxiangkou to Zhong 'an Bridge is called "Lantern Market". At that time, Zhu Zeng, a famous poetess who lived in Nanbaokang Lane, the mouth of Hangzhou Chengguan Lane, wrote the word "gardening and smelting" and said, "The flower market is like a lamp day." When a big colored lantern is tied in front of a government office, it is called a "mountain shed". The lampstand is ever-changing and dazzling. Among them, the lamps made in Suzhou and Fuzhou are magnificent "pearl lamps" made of five-color pearls, finely carved five-color dyed "leather lamps", five-color wax paper paste, flying "lanterns" and striking new boneless lamps. This lamp is made in a special way. An old story in Wulin says: the method uses silk bags to store millet as a fetus, so it is burned and decorated, and the millet is removed, such as glass balls. The scenery is fantastic. On the night of Lantern Festival, residents came out of the city and went to the streets to watch the lights. About two drums, the magistrate patrolled the street by the bridge, set up a stage in the East West Square, sat on the stage and watched. Become the climax of watching lights.

In the palace, in order to show the joy with the people, temple counties such as retro, fake happiness, Qingyan and Minghua lit up their lights, and the atmosphere was warm. At the same time, five tall lantern buildings, called glass lantern mountain, were set up at Li's main entrance. Strange and exquisite lanterns. In the middle, the four characters "Long live the emperor" are matched with a positive color Yumen lamp. At the time of the second drum, music was everywhere, candlelight and colorful flags were everywhere, and the emperor rode a chariot all the way to watch the tour, and went straight to the gate house in front of Li Zheng's door to entertain the civil and military officials, which formed the climax of palace sightseeing. Lu You, a famous patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, watched the Lantern Festival in Hangzhou twice, once at the age of 19, and once 60 years later, he entered the DPRK to record history books. He sighed and wrote a poem: "When you plan to enter the imperial city, songs and lights will be lit overnight. I would rather know that after more than 60 years, Laoyan will come back to see the peace. "

Lantern Festival flourished in the Southern Song Dynasty, followed by the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Until the Republic of China, the Hangzhou Lantern Festival was still very prosperous. Lantern Festival usually begins on 12 and ends on 18. /kloc-on 0/2, the newly-made dragon lantern was transported to the Dragon Palace in Huangcheng. After the offering, it is called "opening the light" or "dragon lantern going up the mountain".

In Hangzhou in the Qing Dynasty, according to the poem "Jiangxiang Festival", "On the 13th Lantern Festival, every household kneaded glutinous rice flour into small dough and cooked it for their ancestors, which is called" Lantern Festival ". On the fifteenth night, glutinous rice flour is rolled into a big round, and the stuffing inside is finely cut walnuts, peanuts, sesame seeds, dates, chicken oil, bean paste, etc., which is called "Lantern Round".

The customs of the Dragon Boat Festival

The Dragon Boat Festival, the fifth day of May in the old calendar, is the most important traditional festival in summer in China. In ancient times, "noon" was homophonic with "May", so the Dragon Boat Festival was also called "Dragon Boat Festival", "Worship for Wu" and "Worship for Wu".

There are different views on the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival. During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, Wu Zixu, Cao E and other celebrities began to be commemorated in Zhejiang. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the dragon boat race in Hangzhou West Lake was particularly prosperous. According to Hangzhuan, there are four or five dragon boats in the West Lake, which are about four or five feet long, with high head and tail, and painted like dragons. On the upper and lower floors of the middle cabin, there are leading princes and swing racks, all dressed up as children, standing still. The swing goes up and down, and eighteen kinds of samurai flags and guns are hung on the door. Five-color umbrella with centipede flag at the end. The lower deck of the middle cabin beat gongs and drums, and sailors paddled beside it. After winning the race, the big ship was moored in the lake and the dragon boat turned around and went hand in hand. Like throwing objects, dragon boat sailors compete. The most difficult thing to rob is money and ducks. Money sinks in water, ducks swim in water, and you fight for it, which is considerable. "According to Kangxi's" Hangzhou Fuzhi ",after the dragon boat sacrificed to the gods and enjoyed the first place, he went to the river to watch the boat race on the lake. There are dozens of dragon boats, and people on the cliff are like ants. Recently, people went to Shuori in Mid-Levels Dragon Boat Race, and the tourists were mixed, not less than the West Lake.

The custom of begging for Qiao Festival

On the night of the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, it is said that the cowherd and the weaver girl in the sky meet once a year. There is a custom of begging for skills among folk women, so it is also called "Begging for Skills Festival" or "Daughter's Day".

After thousands of years of circulation, the fairy tales of the Weaver Girl have become more and more complete, beautiful and charming. Even now, it is widely spread all over Zhejiang, in Shaoxing and other rural areas. That night, many young girls secretly hid under the lush pumpkin shed. If you can hear the whispers of cowherd knitting together in the dead of night, this girl who is about to get married will definitely get this eternal love in the future. That night, according to the Chronicle of Jingchu, "The woman pricked a seven-hole needle in the colorful building or took five stones of gold, silver and stone as the needle, and Chen Guo begged for help in court. If there is a happy subnet on the melon, it will match. " These begging activities 1500 years ago still have similar begging customs in various parts of Zhejiang today. For example, in Hangzhou, Ningbo, Wenzhou and other places, on this day, all kinds of small objects are made of flour and fried in oil, which is called "Tuoguo". At night, Tuoguo, lotus, white lotus root and Hong Ling are displayed in the yard. A girl puts a needle on the moon to pray for skillful knitting, or catches a spider and puts it in a box. If you open the box the next day, it's called clever weaving. Shaoxing and Hangzhou held a bowl of water in the open air for the night, and put the bowl of water in the sun the next day. If you see a thin layer of clothes on the bowl surface, throw a small needle on it and look at the reflection. If it looks like scissors, rulers and other shapes, women can be very smart. Or have a book shadow, you think reading has a future. If you meet a hat shadow, you think you will marry an official.

The custom of Mid-Autumn festival

July 15 in the summer calendar is the Mid-Yuan Festival. It is said that the Mid-Autumn Festival is a festival for people, and it is also called Ghost Festival in July.

The Mid-Autumn Festival, also known as the Lanpen Festival, is a different festival held by Taoism and Buddhism on the same day. Above Taoism, middle, lower and ternary, heaven and earth are hydrated. Heaven blesses, Underground Palace forgives sins, and Shuigong releases Eritrea. Lanpen (Orchid Club) is a ceremony held by Buddhism in good faith to recommend ancestors. The word "Lanpen" is a transliteration of Sanskrit, which means "saving the upside down" and is related to the story of Buddhism saving the mother. In Zhejiang, the sacrificial ceremony of Mid-Autumn Festival is similar everywhere.

In Hangzhou, on the evening of July 12, every household should have fresh food such as lotus root, lotus root and old ling for their ancestors to eat. It is said that the gate of hell opens in July, and their ancestors go in and out, and every family must go. Two days ago, people who lost their lives recently held white lights and tied white colors in front of their spirits as a good snack. This is called "Mid-Autumn Festival" to worship Buddha and recite scriptures. On July 15, Celosia cristata was dedicated to ancestors. On this day, I want a bowl of vegetarian wonton, wrapped in shepherd's purse and stuffed with dried tofu.

There is also the custom of worshipping ancestors at home in July and a half in various counties in Hangzhou. First, seal the tube with white paper, and fill it with silver ingots and ingots folded with tin foil. After sealing, write the words of a certain generation of ancestors in the first volume, write the word "respect", write the names of several generations of admirers in the next volume, and write the sealed date on the back. Sacrifice is held at night. Or in the atrium, or in the nave, set dishes, flagons, wine lamps and cooked rice on the table, and then light candles and incense. Parents will lead their children to worship and then burn the tubes outside the door. After burning, seal it, take out a little food and wine from each bowl and sprinkle it on the ground, and it's over.

The custom of Mid-Autumn festival

August 15th is the Mid-Autumn Festival or Mid-Autumn Festival.

The moon in Mid-Autumn Festival is the brightest and roundest, so it is regarded as a symbol of reunion, also known as "Reunion Festival". Mid-Autumn Festival is very important in all parts of Zhejiang, and the customs are similar everywhere. Because this season is a good time for Gao Shuang in the south of the Yangtze River, the Mid-Autumn Night is lively, grand and beautiful.

In Hangzhou, every household goes to Yue Bai on this night. The offerings are moon cakes, square persimmons, chestnuts and other seasonal foods. Sacrificing the moon is to set up a stage, put on record and light incense in the yard. If there is an accompaniment instrument, they can rap ancient and modern books, make up seven sentences, and one person plays the string to sing. However, these ceremonies have been lost today. Mid-Autumn Festival is a scenic spot to enjoy the moon, in the "Three Tanyue" of the West Lake. The so-called three ponds are actually three stone towers built in the lake, which are hollow, and each stone tower has five round holes in its wall. For example, on the Mid-Autumn Moon Night, candles are lit, and five holes are sealed with paper, so that there are 15 moons in the lake, and even the moon in the sky has 16 moons in the water. The night view of the West Lake is beautiful and wonderful at this time. Families sit together, drink and enjoy the moon, and try to get together and go home when they go out, commonly known as "Reunion Festival". Every family eats moon cakes, which are a symbol of family reunion.

The custom of Double Ninth Festival

The ninth day of September is the "Double Ninth Festival", because the ninth day is a Yang religion, so harmony is the Double Ninth Festival. This is a traditional program in China.

According to legend, in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Huanjing, a native of Runan, learned from Fei Changfang. One day Fei Changfang told him, "On the ninth day of September this year, a great disaster happened in your family. You can go home immediately, make a few colorful bags and put them in, one for each person, hang them on your shoulders, climb high, and drink chrysanthemum wine on the mountain, so you can avoid disaster. " Huan Jing listened and did the same. When I came home the next day, my chicken and dog died. In the future, the "Double Ninth Festival" can be a blessing from disasters and spread among the people, becoming a custom.

The "Double Ninth Festival" in Zhejiang Province is in late autumn. The golden breeze is refreshing, the sky is high and the clouds are light, and it is interesting to climb high and look far. In Hangzhou, this morning, many shops selling snacks and cakes have "Chongyang" for sale. The cake is square and diamond, with chestnuts embedded in it and flags cut with red and green paper. Every family buys this as a holiday breakfast.

On this day, climb mountains, such as Huangcheng, Huang Yu, Baoshi Mountain and Gelingchu Balcony. I feel that after climbing, I am very lucky, everything is going well, and I am rising step by step. This custom has been popular until now.

The custom of winter solstice

The winter solstice is the most important of the 24 festivals in a year, usually on June 22nd and February 20th and 23rd. On this day, the sun passes through the winter solstice, and our province is in the northern hemisphere. Therefore, the days are the shortest and the nights are the longest. People in Zhejiang have a saying that the solstice in winter is as big as every year.

In Hangzhou, the custom of eating rice cakes has not changed since ancient times. Some people eat glutinous rice balls and rice cakes, while others fry rice cakes with leek seedlings and shredded pork. There is also a red "rose oil rice cake" embedded with lard, and a "osmanthus rice cake" with sugar osmanthus stuck on the white is steamed in the pot. There are more rice cakes in breakfast, so you are lucky to bring everything.