A good way to economize

China is a developing country with a large population, relatively insufficient resources and inherently fragile ecology. With rapid economic growth and increasing population, it has become a very urgent task for us to strive to solve the contradiction of insufficient resources, continuously improve the ecological environment and realize sustainable development. China's current situation is that, on the one hand, economic growth is still, to a considerable extent, mainly dependent on high inputs of resources to realize it, and the contradiction of insufficient resources, such as energy, fresh water, land and minerals, is becoming more and more prominent. On the other hand, the output efficiency of resources is low, and there is a great potential for saving. At present, iron and steel, non-ferrous metals, electric power, chemical and other eight high energy-consuming industries, energy consumption per unit of product than the world's advanced level of more than 40% on average, industrial water recycling rate than the advanced level of foreign countries lower than 15 to 25 percentage points, the total recovery rate of mineral resources than the advanced level of foreign countries lower than 20 percentage points.

As early as 2000 years ago, the ancient Chinese thinker Xunzi put forward: "Strong capital and saving, then the sky can not be poor." China's resource reserves are not strong, and if we don't make an effort to "economize" on the use of resources, disregard the nature, regardless of the cost, and do not care about the future, and fishing and mining, we will not only quickly exhaust domestic resources, but also increase the pressure on the supply of global resources. Reduce resource consumption, accelerate the construction of a conservation-oriented society is our inevitable choice. The construction of a conservation-oriented society, fundamentally speaking, is to focus on building a conservation-oriented growth and consumption patterns.

Constructing a conservation-oriented growth mode. To build a conservation-oriented growth mode to achieve four changes: the demand structure to rely mainly on investment and export-driven growth to consumption and investment, domestic demand and external demand **** with the growth of change; industrial structure to achieve by relying mainly on industry-led growth to industry, services and agriculture **** with the growth of change; factor resource inputs to be realized by relying mainly on capital and natural resources to support growth to rely more on human capital and technological progress to support change; human capital and technological progress to support; and the construction of a conservation-oriented society, fundamentally, is to focus on building a conservation-oriented growth mode and consumption pattern. The input of factor resources should be changed from relying mainly on capital and natural resources to relying more on human capital and technological progress; the way of resource utilization should be changed from the unidirectional linear process of "resource-product-waste" to the unidirectional linear process of "resource-product-waste-renewable resources".

The way of utilizing resources should be changed from a one-way linear process of "resources-products-waste" to a feedback loop process of "resources-products-waste-renewable resources".

Constructing an economical industrial structure. While consolidating agriculture and strengthening industry, we should put the development of service industry in a more prominent position and increase the proportion of tertiary industry in the national economy. Vigorously develop high-tech industries, especially to accelerate the development and make information industry bigger and stronger, and accelerate the process of informatization. Accelerate the transformation of traditional industries with high and new technologies and advanced applicable technologies, and promote the upgrading of traditional industries. Vigorously develop intensive agriculture. Adjust the structure of energy consumption and increase the proportion of high-quality energy. According to resource conditions and environmental carrying capacity, determine the development direction and functional positioning of different regions, and optimize the regional industrial layout.

Constructing a conservation-oriented urbanization model. The development of urbanization must give full consideration to resource conditions and environmental carrying capacity, and conserve and intensively utilize important resources such as land, fresh water and energy. It is necessary to strictly manage construction land planning, improve building structures, make full use of usable space, combine the intensive use of urban construction land with the improvement of the urban environment, and reasonably allocate green land. Plan and build an economical comprehensive transportation system, give priority to the development of urban public **** transportation, and improve the efficiency of the transportation system. Vigorously promote urban water conservation and make full use of all kinds of available water resources.

Constructing a frugal consumption pattern. Form the concept of advocating thrift, reasonable consumption and moderate consumption in the whole society, guide the change of consumption mode with the concept of resource-saving consumption, and gradually form a civilized and frugal behavior pattern. Especially in the field of services and daily life consumption, we vigorously advocate saving fashion, so that energy saving, water saving, material saving, food saving, garbage classification and recycling, and reducing the use of disposable items become the conscious action of every citizen, and gradually form a saving consumption pattern compatible with the national conditions.

The construction of a conservation-oriented society is the same direction of sustainable development in all countries in the world, and it is especially important and urgent for a developing country like China, which has a large population, relatively insufficient resources and inherently fragile ecology. With China's rapid economic growth and increasing population, efforts to alleviate the contradiction of insufficient resources, and constantly improve the ecological environment, to achieve sustainable development, has become a very urgent task.

The realization of sustainable development is the correct choice made by mankind on the basis of reflecting on the past economic growth mode and development path to alleviate the increasingly urgent contradictions of population, resources and environment. China is a developing country with a large population, relatively insufficient resources, and inherently fragile ecology. With rapid economic growth and an ever-increasing population, it has become a very urgent task for us to strive to resolve the contradiction of insufficient resources, continuously improve the ecological environment and realize sustainable development. For a long time, the Chinese government has attached great importance to the issue of sustainable development, and after the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in 1992, it set up a specialized agency to promote the strategy of sustainable development in the country, and took the lead in completing China's Agenda 21 in 1994, which has incorporated the concepts and requirements of sustainable development into the national development policies and action plans, and has taken a series of measures such as extensive publicity, legal norms, policy guidance, increased investment and strengthened management, and has made great progress in the development of the country. In 2004, compared with 1990, the national energy consumption per 10,000 yuan of GDP dropped by 45%, with a cumulative total of 700 million tons of standard coal saved and used less; the coal consumption of thermal power supply, the comparable energy consumption of tons of steel, and the comprehensive energy consumption of cement were reduced by 11.2%, 29.6%, and 21.9% respectively, and the gap between them and the advanced levels in foreign countries was gradually narrowed. The gap with foreign advanced level is gradually narrowing. However, the crude economic growth mode has not been fundamentally transformed. On the one hand, economic growth to a considerable extent still relies mainly on high inputs of resources to realize, and the contradiction of insufficient resources such as energy, fresh water, land and minerals is becoming more and more prominent. On the other hand, the output efficiency of resources is low, and there is great potential for savings. At present, the energy consumption per unit of product in 8 high energy-consuming industries such as iron and steel, non-ferrous metals, electric power, chemical industry, etc. is more than 40% higher than the world's advanced level on average, the energy consumption per unit of building area for heating is equivalent to 2-3 times of that of the developed countries with similar climatic conditions, the reuse rate of industrial water is lower than that of advanced levels in foreign countries by 15-25 percentage points, and the total recovery rate of mineral resources is lower than that of advanced levels in foreign countries by 20 percentage points. It is estimated that if China's resource utilization efficiency reaches the advanced level of foreign countries, the stock of energy-saving potential calculated on the basis of energy consumption per unit of product and energy consumption of terminal energy-using equipment can reach 300 million tons of standard coal.

Guests and guests, as early as 2000 years ago, the ancient Chinese thinker Xunzi put forward: "Strong capital and saving, then the sky can not be poor." China's resource reserves are not very strong, and if we don't make an effort to "economize" on them, and if we don't take into account nature, cost, and the future, we will not only quickly deplete our domestic resources, but also increase the pressure on the global supply of resources," he said. There is only one Earth, and in order to take into account the development needs of present and future generations and to realize the sustainable development of human society, we must change our mode of growth, reduce resource consumption and accelerate the construction of a conservation-oriented society, which is our inevitable choice. A few days ago, the executive meeting of the State Council of China already discussed and adopted the "Immediate Priorities on Building a Conservation-oriented Society" and the "Opinions on Accelerating the Development of the Circular Economy", which were put forward by the Commission in conjunction with the relevant departments. We will focus on realizing a fundamental change in the mode of economic growth, adopting comprehensive measures in terms of institutions, policies, technologies and management, in accordance with the principle of "reduce, reuse and resource", with improving the efficiency of resource utilization as the core, and focusing on energy conservation, water conservation, material conservation, land conservation, comprehensive utilization of resources and the development of a circular economy, in order to accelerate the construction of a conservation-oriented society. Accelerate the construction of a conservation-oriented society and make great efforts to promote sustainable economic and social development.

The construction of a conservation-oriented society, fundamentally speaking, is to focus on building a conservation-oriented mode of growth and consumption pattern.

One of the efforts to build a conservation-oriented growth mode. To build a conservation-oriented growth mode to achieve four changes, namely: the demand structure to rely mainly on investment and export-driven growth to consumption and investment, domestic demand and external demand **** with the growth of change; industrial structure to achieve by relying mainly on industry-led growth to industry, services and agriculture **** with the growth of change; factor resource inputs to be realized by relying mainly on capital and natural resources to support growth to more The resource utilization mode should be changed from the unidirectional linear process of "resource-product-waste" to "resource-product-waste-renewable resource". The way of resource utilization should change from a one-way linear process of "resources-products-waste" to a feedback circular process of "resources-products-waste-renewable resources", so that economic growth will be based on optimization of the economic structure, increase in scientific and technological content, and improvement in quality and efficiency, and the mode of economic growth will be gradually shaped into a mode of "low-input, low-consumption, low-emission, and highly efficient The economic growth mode of "low-input, low-consumption, low-emission and high-efficiency" has been gradually formed.

Secondly, we should focus on building an economical industrial structure. While consolidating agriculture and growing industry, we should put the development of the service industry into a more prominent position and increase the proportion of the tertiary industry in the national economy. Vigorously develop high-tech industries, especially to accelerate the development and bigger and stronger information industry, accelerate the process of informatization. Accelerate the transformation of traditional industries with high-tech and advanced applicable technologies, and promote the upgrading of traditional industries. Accelerate the elimination of backward processes, technologies and equipment. Promote the reorganization of enterprises and improve industrial concentration and scale efficiency. Vigorously develop intensive agriculture. Adjust the structure of energy consumption and increase the proportion of high-quality energy. According to resource conditions and environmental carrying capacity, determine the development direction and functional positioning of different regions, and optimize the regional industrial layout.

Third, we must focus on building a conservation-oriented urbanization model. The development of urbanization must give full consideration to resource conditions and environmental carrying capacity, saving and intensive use of land, fresh water, energy and other important resources. To strict construction land planning and management, improve the building structure, make full use of the available space, the intensive use of urban construction land and improve the urban environment, a reasonable allocation of green land. Vigorously develop energy-saving buildings and centralized urban heating. Plan and build an energy-saving comprehensive transportation system, give priority to the development of urban public **** transportation, and improve the efficiency of the transportation system. Vigorously promote urban water conservation and make full use of all kinds of available water resources. Establish a standardized recycling system for renewable resources.

Fourth, we must focus on building a frugal consumption pattern. In the whole society to form the concept of advocating thrift, reasonable consumption, moderate consumption, with the concept of resource-saving consumption to guide the change of consumption mode, and gradually form a civilized, frugal behavior pattern. Especially in the field of services and daily life consumption, vigorously advocate saving fashion, so that energy saving, water saving, material saving, food saving, garbage classification and recycling, reduce the use of disposable items, etc. become the conscious action of every citizen, and gradually form a saving consumption pattern compatible with the national conditions.

Friends, in the process of accelerating the construction of a conservation-oriented society, China will strive to implement the following policy measures:

First, we will adhere to the policy of prioritizing conservation. To build a conservation-oriented society, it is necessary to abandon the traditional development thinking and development model, and to adhere to and implement the policy of prioritizing conservation in the long term. Production, construction, circulation, consumption in all areas should be placed in a prominent position to conserve resources, efforts to reduce consumption, reduce losses and waste, and improve the efficiency of resource utilization. To accelerate the construction of a conservation-oriented society as an important task of the national economic and social development "Eleventh Five-Year Plan", as the preparation of various types of special planning, regional planning and urban development planning as an important guiding principle. Priority should also be given to saving in the formulation and implementation of development planning, industrial policy, investment management, as well as price, finance, taxation and financial reform, and seriously implemented.

Second, sound regulations and standards, strengthen supervision and management. Strengthen the construction of laws and regulations, and urgently formulate and revise laws and regulations to promote the effective use of resources, to solve the problem of no law to rely on and imperfect laws. Formulate and improve the standard, the high consumption, high pollution industry new projects, from energy, water consumption and land, environmental protection, to put forward more stringent industrial access standards, accelerate the development of mandatory energy efficiency standards for products, revise and improve the main energy-consuming industry energy-saving design specifications, building energy-saving standards. Establish a strict management system in accordance with the law, and increase law enforcement and supervision and inspection.

Third, improve incentive policies and establish a long-term mechanism. Accelerate the process of marketization of the prices of resource products such as water, electricity, petroleum, natural gas, etc., and establish a price formation mechanism reflecting the degree of scarcity of resources, so as to give full play to the fundamental role of the market in the allocation of resources. To establish a sound fiscal and taxation policy system conducive to the construction of a conservation-oriented society, accelerate the formulation of fiscal and taxation policies to encourage the production and use of energy- and water-saving products and energy-saving buildings, as well as low-fuel-consumption, low-emission vehicles, improve the tax incentives for the comprehensive utilization of resources, and adjust the import and export policies for high-energy-consuming products.

Fourth, accelerate technological innovation and break through technological bottlenecks. Attaches great importance to the application of information, advanced technology and manufacturing technology in the field of resource development and utilization, adhere to the introduction of technology combined with digestion, absorption and innovation, and strengthen the scientific and technological research and industrialization of resource conservation and recycling technology. It focuses on the development and demonstration of resource conservation and comprehensive utilization technologies of great popularization significance. Accelerate the popularization and application of new technologies, products and materials for resource conservation. Increase support for major projects and technology development and industrialization demonstration projects that conserve resources and develop a circular economy.

Fifth, promote new mechanisms to play a market-led role. Implementing energy efficiency labeling management, guiding users and consumers to buy energy-saving products, and promoting enterprises to speed up the research and development of energy-efficient products. Implementing power demand-side management, optimizing the use of electricity, and improving the efficiency of end-use electricity. Implementing contract energy management to provide enterprises with one-stop services of diagnosis, design, financing, renovation, operation and management for implementing energy-saving reforms. Implementing energy-saving voluntary agreements to promote enterprises or industries to adopt voluntary approaches to achieve energy-saving goals. Implementing government energy-saving procurement, gradually expanding the scope of procurement of energy-saving and water-saving products, and reducing the expenditure on energy costs of government organizations.

Sixth, strengthen publicity and education, and raise the awareness of all people to save. Extensive, in-depth and sustained publicity on resource conservation, through radio and television, newspapers and magazines, the Internet and other types of media, as well as the organization of special lectures, seminars, experience-sharing sessions, results demonstrations, analysis of typical cases and the issuance of publicity materials and other forms, to enhance the awareness of the whole community on the great significance of the construction of a conservation-oriented society, and to enhance the sense of urgency and sense of responsibility. Preparing training materials and organizing training for relevant management and technical personnel. Preparing codes of consumer behavior and resource-saving conventions to guide reasonable consumption and standardize consumer behavior.

Ladies and gentlemen, the construction of a conservation-oriented society is a major strategic task for China's economic and social development in a considerable period of time in the future. We hope that the experts and scholars attending this conference will conduct extensive and in-depth discussions on the major theoretical and practical issues involved in building a conservation-oriented society, especially on the institutional and institutional mechanisms conducive to the construction of a conservation-oriented society, and put forward constructive opinions and suggestions. We hope to continue to strengthen exchanges and cooperation with international organizations, foreign governments, research units and enterprises, in order to improve the efficiency of resource utilization, promote sustainable economic and social development, and protect mankind***s existing homes to make new contributions.