Qinghai's economic development and the problems in the development of the situation?

I. New Progress and Major Results in Development

The Western Development Strategy was launched in the early 2000s, but it was actually in 1998 during the Ninth Five-Year Plan period, when China's economy was coping with the deflationary trend characterized by a generalized oversupply of goods and services, and China began to implement a "proactive fiscal policy" to boost economic growth. The government's "active fiscal policy" centered on large-scale infrastructure to boost economic growth. In accordance with the basic strategic vision of the western development, "Tenth Five-Year Plan" in the early stage, the focus of investment in the west is still to improve infrastructure, with rural agriculture, electricity and water conservancy, ecological and environmental integrated management construction as the core. In the cities, the construction of transportation hubs, peripheral high-grade highways and communication facilities will be the core. There are now clearly visible changes in the infrastructure conditions in the west.

Currently, the construction of "West-East Gas Pipeline", "West-East Electricity Pipeline", "Qinghai-Tibet Railway" and fiber-optic cable communications and other information technology, as well as large-scale development of water resources, railroads, Airport, high-grade highway construction and a series of environmental protection projects have entered a large-scale investment in the climax of the policy is beginning to show the effect of investment growth year by year, 6 and 3 percentage points higher than the east and central regions respectively.

The "agglomeration effect" of urbanization has accelerated significantly. In China's implementation of the urbanization process, the western region generally appeared in the construction of new urban areas and urban transformation centers outward as the characteristics of urban expansion construction, urbanization development trend has obvious characteristics of resource agglomeration, not only the infrastructure investment to the city to focus on, but also the new industry to the city to focus on.

The industrial structure in the west is in the stage of transformation and change, the advantageous industries are growing, each province and region has different characteristics. From the current actual development situation, there are two obvious features; first, the industries with unique resource advantages, less external competition, wide market prospects, and market demand with continuity. Such as characteristic green livestock agricultural products, rare mineral products and natural gas hydropower, special natural landforms, ethnic customs of tourism. The scale of these resources outside the former scenic area is unable to compete. Second, with a regional monopoly market resources industry, due to the vast geographical characteristics, to meet the specific market demand for some of its industry provides the existence and development of space. Such as steel, cement, building materials and other industries in the west, due to transportation distances make it difficult for external competitors to participate in the competition within a region. At the same time, the large-scale demand generated by the region's urbanization infrastructure construction provides a long-term development basis and local regional monopoly advantage for such local production and local sales. These will become important growth poles for the western economy.

II. Problems in development

1. Unbalanced development in the west.

First of all, the natural endowment and development of the historical stage of investment imbalance. In the natural endowment imbalance, the southwestern provinces and regions are extremely rich in water resources and less land resource utilization. The biggest obstacle to economic development in some parts of the northwestern provinces and regions is the serious lack of water resources. Second, there is an imbalance in the allocation of institutional resources. For example, the vast rural areas in the west in the long-term development process and urban economic and industrial development is detached, the gap between urban and rural areas of the region is very large. Third, the historical investment in the development of the foundation is not balanced. Such as Inner Mongolia's iron and steel, aluminum refining, military industry, Shaanxi's cotton, Gansu's petrochemicals, military industry, non-ferrous metals, cotton and wool textiles, are "First Five" and "Second Five" plan period of development. Shaanxi, Sichuan, Guizhou and other provinces of electronics, aviation, automobile manufacturing, home appliances are "third-line construction" period and investment. On the other hand, Qinghai, Ningxia, Yunnan, and Guangxi had almost no strategic investments at that time. Although the production capacity of these industries has been expanded and reformed many times in the past years, the fundamental technical process has not been separated from the international level of the 1980s, and according to the depreciation life of fixed assets, the economic life of the enterprise has been completed. Therefore, there are still technological transformation, product renewal of the larger investment problems and face the fierce competition in the domestic and foreign markets in the sustainable development of the problem.

2. The basic work of talent training and the utilization of talent resources.

Talent is the main element of economic development, and the western region due to the vast area, the population living in scattered, many ethnic groups, unequal educational opportunities. Adult illiteracy rate is high, adult illiteracy rate and per capita GDP level is a negative relationship, especially in the vast poor mountainous areas, people's scientific and technological knowledge and cultural qualities are too low, is difficult to develop in poor areas of the main factors affecting. In recent years, because of the local, county and township financial split, compulsory education in poor areas is seriously underfunded; in the institutional reform, due to the lack of financial transfers, many primary and secondary schools in basic education downsizing, and many children of remote residential populations are unable to get full compulsory education, which will be the main obstacle factor affecting the future development of the western rural areas. At the same time, in many old industrial bases in the west, due to poor efficiency, poor conditions, coupled with the government departments at all levels to implement the substantive issues of talent pay insufficient attention to the retention of existing talent, let alone attract external high-quality talent. Therefore, technological transformation and innovation in the industry there are still many problems.

3. People-oriented comprehensive social development.

Social development means that human beings, on the basis of the growth of productive capacity, basically eliminate poverty and realize full employment, enjoy better health care, higher education, healthier spiritual life, better working environment. All economic development is aimed at improving the living conditions of human beings and enhancing their quality of life. The problem of development and poverty in the western region, however, is characterized by a large per capita gap. At present, the remaining rural poor people are mostly concentrated in the remote areas of the western region and ethnic minority areas with poor natural conditions and backward infrastructure. At the same time in the less economically developed regions of education, health care, employment and ecological environment and per capita living conditions, drinking water problems of survival conditions are more difficult.

Third, on the future development of the problems to be solved and studied

The development of the western part of the fundamental interests of the country and the development of strategic objectives of the overall situation and long-term issues, is to realize the people of all ethnic groups in the country *** with the progress of the *** with the development of the *** with the need for prosperity. Therefore, the development should be closely integrated with the overall development goals of the country. In the development should not only be carried out in stages, but also focus on the study of the outstanding problems in the development process and the future strategic issues.

1. Each province and region should carefully study its own characteristics, give full play to its advantages and reduce its disadvantages.

The advantages of natural resources in the west are unbalanced, and only through rational allocation of resources and improvement of the efficiency of resource allocation can the coordinated development of the regional economy be promoted. The west is now in the initial stage of industrialization, the industrialization rate is lower than the national average of 6 percentage points. The industrial output value only accounts for 1/10 of the national output value. most of the major industries in the western region are gradually developed around the advantages of its natural resources, and this resource-oriented industry has a certain degree of reasonableness in the early stage of the industry, which can contribute to the economic development. However, with the continuous advancement of industrialization, especially in the modern economic era where the knowledge economy has emerged, the relative decline of natural resources and general labor resources and their limitations have become more and more obvious, and the role of acquired resources such as technology, management, information, patents, brands, network environment, and innovative talents have gradually shown their importance. Therefore, in the industrial development of the western region, we should cultivate and create the competitive advantages of enterprises, change the situation of high dependence on local resources in the past, and gradually change from resource-oriented to market-oriented strategy, focusing on the cultivation and introduction of talents. In the enterprise investment, strengthen technology development, strengthen management, enhance the competitiveness of enterprises.

2. Accelerate the research and development of western talent strategy.

In the western region, the quality of labor force is low, science and technology innovation ability is not high, has become an important bottleneck affecting economic development and social competitiveness. In the development of the west to re-examine and plan the development of education and training and human resources development, the potential advantages into a huge real advantage. From the precedent of world economic development, in the history of world development, there have been three times in the history of late countries to catch up with the development of the first successful example of the country. Such as the United States to catch up with the United Kingdom, Japan to catch up with the United States, South Korea to catch up with the Western European countries, the development of these countries is not only a high-speed growth in per capita GDP, but more importantly, the accelerated accumulation of human resources. Therefore, the western development must establish human resources is the first resource of economic and social development, and the cultivation of human resources from the traditional industrialization to meet the needs of new industrialization and the construction of a moderately prosperous society in all aspects of the demand change. The implementation of education and human resources development should shift from a qualification-based to a competence-based approach, so as to improve their productive capacity, employability and entrepreneurial ability. In the implementation of the talent strategy, governments at all levels in the western region should accelerate multi-level training and establish a policy mechanism to promote outstanding talents to work at the grassroots level and in difficult places in the west. To respect knowledge, encourage innovation, the implementation of fair competition, improve the incentive system, so that outstanding talent to stand out and create a favorable environment for the application of talent.

3. To adhere to the people-oriented, establish a comprehensive and coordinated concept of sustainable development.

Poverty is an important root cause of many social problems, and the lack of employment opportunities or inadequate employment is the main source of poverty. Accelerate economic development, create more employment opportunities, in order to promote the comprehensive development of human beings. In the western region, however, the problem of poverty eradication still exists in the vast poor mountainous areas and ethnic minority regions. The problem of poverty is still more pronounced in the enterprises built during the "First Five-Year Plan", "Second Five-Year Plan" and "Third Line" periods, as well as among urban residents. Therefore, the government should improve the production and living conditions in the less developed areas as soon as possible, and enhance the capacity of the less developed areas for self-development, and the state should adopt the means of financial transfers to strengthen the construction of infrastructure and public utilities and environmental protection in the poor areas. Actively implement food for work, increase farmers' income to expand rural employment, improve their production and living conditions, and enhance their ability to develop themselves. The government should improve the soft and hard investment environment in backward areas, to create more development opportunities for backward areas, create favorable conditions to alleviate the trend of widening regional disparities, and gradually narrow the gap between the living welfare of the regional residents, especially in ethnic areas and poor areas of the living welfare and the gap between the developed regions.

4. To give full play to the role of the market mechanism.

Western development is the government's policy actions, and the means of development to follow the principle of marketization. To accelerate the transformation of government functions in accordance with the decision of the Third Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee on a number of issues to improve the socialist market economic system. The main responsibility of the government in a market economy is to solve the problem of market failure and promote social equity. The government's task should be to do a good job of transforming the institutional environment in development, establishing a good legal foundation, investing in basic social services and infrastructure, protecting the poorly endowed classes, and protecting the natural environment. It should also formulate a good strategic plan and preferential policies for the medium- and long-term as well as short-term development of the west, and deal with the outstanding problems arising in the development. Cultivate market investment mainstays, establish a regional property rights trading market, regulate and maintain market order, and establish and cultivate a sense of credit among local governments, enterprises and citizens. The establishment and maintenance of local image and visibility to attract capital and talent.