folklore

The spread of folk literature is mainly oral communication, which is the case at the beginning of literature. It vividly reproduces the literary form at the beginning of the birth of literature and art, the historical tradition passed down from mouth to mouth, and accumulates many creative forms and artistic skills with oral language as the medium.

Folk literature is a language art created by a national collective and passed down from mouth to mouth. It is not only the spontaneous expression of people's life, thoughts and feelings; It is also their summary of life knowledge such as history, science and religion; It is also the expression of their aesthetic concept and artistic taste. The genre of folk literature mainly includes myths, folk epics, folklore, folk stories, folk songs, long folk poems, folk rap, folk operas and so on. Folk literature is a living, dynamic and constantly changing literature with fresh vitality. It is always closely related to a nation's historical changes, aesthetic feelings, joys and sorrows, real life and survival competition. Laffargue said, "it is the loyal soul of the people, a frank and spontaneous expression, and a close friend of the people, to whom the people confide their joys and sorrows;" It is also a memorandum of people's scientific, religious and astronomical knowledge. "Folk literature is a national cultural tradition and a joint creation of all walks of life. The creative subject of folk literature is the oral creation of the lower class, which accounts for the majority of the population. However, in a civilized and developed country like China, in the process of its creation, dissemination, communication and inheritance, the upper class culture and popular culture will have a profound impact on the collective memory of people from all walks of life through various channels, such as singing and opera performances. Therefore, folk literature, together with upper-class culture and popular culture, has become a national cultural tradition. In a sense, folk culture is one of them.

Regarding the value and function of folk literature, first of all, folk literature is the memory of history, folk literature is illiterate popular literature, and it is the most important way for people to express their fantasies, likes and dislikes, ideals, life and history. This way of word of mouth has become a witness to past life and history. Myth, for example, is absurd to many people, but it is supported by the progress of modern scientific research in many aspects of natural research. The myth of Yellow Emperor and Dayu's water control is actually not fiction, but a prehistoric existence with historical significance.

? Secondly, folk literature inherits the folk tradition, and there are a large number of literary works about folk cultural phenomena such as customs and habits in folk literature, which provide materials for the study of folklore, cultural anthropology and other disciplines. Myths, legends or stories contain information about a certain period of culture and history, such as the marriage myth of Fuxi Nuwa's brother and sister, and the legend of Gaoshan nationality about the origin of tattoos, all of which imply the fact that there may have been blood marriage in ancient times. A large number of gourd images in mythology reveal people's reproductive worship of multi-seed plants in primitive society, and the existence of crying songs shows that they are intrinsically related to the historical wedding robbery. People can find cultural relics and even rebuild the original cultural form through the narration of these national contents.

Finally, carrying folk knowledge, the production of traditional culture generally depends on the natural environment, and the experience of grasping the natural environment is directly related to the experience summarized in the production process. The people's grasp of the natural environment experience in the process of observing natural phenology and the production experience accumulated in the production process are mostly spread and summarized in the form of folk literature, which is concise and easy to understand.

Folk literature also has the functions of entertainment and education, and its expression tools, oral language and vivid images.

As far as the academic significance of folk literature is concerned, folk literature is essentially an art, and it has artistic value in itself. Because of the obvious difference between folk literature and writer literature, it also has its own characteristics in the embodiment of artistic value. Folk literature is created and spread by oral language, which is closer to people's lives and is an art of facing life directly. The close combination with real life has greatly enriched the field of folklore research and enhanced her practical significance.

Next, talk about folk literature and art, which is a science specializing in folk literature. The research object of folk literature and art mainly refers to the oral literary creation of the people, such as myths, legends, stories, epics, long narrative poems, ballads, proverbs, riddles, two-part allegorical sayings, folk rap and folk operas. , but excluding folk arts and crafts and folk dance. Judging from the disciplinary nature of folk literature and art, it belongs to the category of literature and art, but it is also a special kind of literature and art, which studies the oral literature created collectively by a nation in its life situation and handed down.

The disciplinary system of folk literature and art is complex. Folk literature and art is a special kind of literature and art, which advocates multi-angle comprehensive research, has strong historical relevance and pays attention to empirical research.

Folk literature and art are closely related to folklore, which is knowledge passed down from folk life culture, and folk literature is an important part of folklore.

Disciplinary characteristics of folk literature and art: folk literature and art still has its own unique research objects, research objectives and research methods, such as historical geography methods. But folk literature and art is an independent subject. The oral features of folk literature are oral text and written text. In addition, folk literature also has the characteristics of collectivity, that is, the collective system of folk literature is characterized by the fact that folk literature was created and inherited by the broad masses of people in a certain nation, region or historical period.

Folk literature has the characteristics of inheritance, which is also called "tradition". In the process of development, on the one hand, folk literature is constantly developing, on the other hand, there are a series of relatively stable factors. These relatively stable factors have been passed down by millions of people and gradually formed a conventional tradition. This relatively stable feature of folk literature works is the tradition of folk literature. As a historical and cultural accumulation, folk literature inevitably has some outdated concepts and consciousness. Therefore, due to the limitations of history and class, outdated concepts and wrong ideas will also affect the creation of folk literature, and will also be manifested in the inheritance of folk literature. In the process of understanding and appreciating folk literature, we must accept it critically.

The regional spread of folk literature refers to some genres of folk literature, such as folk stories, national folk stories, legends and proverbs. These stories are similar not only in many thoughts and expressions, but also in basic characters and plots, such as Cinderella story and swan virgin story.

Folk literature has several characteristics, variability characteristics: folk literature is a living language art, which is preserved in people's memories, circulated in people's ears and never stereotyped. Even if it is sometimes compiled and published, it is not final. However, due to temporary stability, it will continue to be in a state of change when it is returned to the people. This changing feature of folk literature is called variability. The variability of folk literature is often manifested in the changes in the language of the works, as well as in the contents, plots, themes, images, structures and other elements of the works. The internal reasons for the variation of folk literature are oral teaching and memory preservation. The creators of folk literature are wonderful and have no concept of copyright, which is another reason for the variability. Different from the copyright and publishing right of writers' written literature, when folk literature spreads among the people, the people are the re-creators. This change is unconscious, and the spread and inheritance of folk literature is due to the laws of nature.

Variation and tradition: Variation has a dual impact on the development of folk literature. On the one hand, it shows the ever-changing flexibility and adaptability of folk literature, which makes the works develop with people's lives, jump with the pulse of the times, absorb nutrients in the process of constant change, improve day by day and gain abundant vitality. On the other hand, it is also possible that literary works may lose their original colors due to misinformation or forgetting, which will damage folk literature, which is his limitation.

Folk literature and poetry tradition, national style Yuefu initiated realism, The Book of Songs and Yuefu initiated themes. Poetry is a kind of literature accompanied by labor, and it is the oldest literary genre in China. China's poems inherited the style of folk songs, and Fu Bixing's brand was deep.

The difference between folk literature and writers' narrative literature lies in the following aspects: First, the creative methods are different. Folk literature is a collective oral creation, and writer literature is a personal written creation. Secondly, the circulation mode is different. The oral circulation of folk literature is changeable, while the written circulation of writers' literature is fixed. Thirdly, the recipients have different consciousness, and the recipients of folk literature participate in literary creation. The recipients of writers' literature need to have a personal understanding of the works and cannot be divorced from the text. Finally, the aesthetic value is different. Folk literature is multifunctional and practical. It has many values and needs to be studied from many angles. It reflects the values and aesthetic tendency of the group. Writer's literature reflects the writer's individual pursuit, and has higher artistic value compared with folk literature. Although there are obvious differences between them, they are also inextricably linked. The literature of excellent writers and excellent folk literature constitute the mainstream of China's literary history. The two complement each other and each has its own advantages. Folk literature and writers' literature are both antagonistic and unified, maintaining their own styles and absorbing and infiltrating each other.

Drama, film and television literature absorbed the nutrition of folk literature, and produced excellent works and various models. We believe that folk literature is drama and a rich treasure house of drama, film and television literature.