Introduction of Gao Wangling

Gao Wangling, male, born in 1950, Beijing, is a historian. Undergraduate (1973-76), Department of History, Shanxi University, Institute of Qing History, Renmin University of China, Master's Degree (1978-81), Institute of Qing History, Renmin University of China (1981-), engaged in research and teaching. He has visited many universities and participated in academic activities in the U.S., Italy, Germany, Austria, Slovenia, etc. He has been a LUCE Foundation Scholar (1986-87, Columbia University, U.S.A.), and was awarded the Ford Foundation Grant to study China's Rural Reforms and related historical issues.

Chinese Name: Gao Wangling

Nationality: Chinese

Birthplace: Beijing

Date of Birth: 1950

Occupation: Historian

Graduated from Shanxi University

Representative Works: The Evening Scene of Qianlong, Thirteen Years of Qianlong, and others

Publications

There are nine books published by Gao Wangling. Gao Wangling published nine monographs

The Evening Scene of Qianlong

More than the first fifty years, the later years of Qianlong became the most failed and criticized section of the reign of the Qianlong dynasty. Quite different from the previous two books, this book presents different opinions on several stereotypes, which seem to defend the Qianlong emperor a little bit: the reason for his failure, or because of the lack of political affairs? The reason for his failure is either due to the lack of government? Or because and _ one person? Or lack of vision, so as to lose a possible opportunity (such as in international trade)? The biggest controversy may still lie in the so-called "political neglect". How easy was it for people to imagine "authoritarianism and centralization of power" in a country with a large population and a high degree of mobility? Another figure mentioned in the Qianlong trilogy is Liu Songling, which is emphasized in this book. In addition, the methodology of the author's more than thirty years of research on Qing history is also listed to meet the readers. In the end, Qianlong still could not but bid farewell to the world with great regret and passed away. And our Qianlong trilogy can end here.

The Thirteen Years of Qianlong

The history of the Qianlong dynasty is quite long, so it is impossible not to study it in stages. This book deals with the first stage, the first thirteen years of the Qianlong dynasty. How the court felt about a number of modern problems (e.g., demography), proposed innovative development policies across the ages (in the same vein as the rural reforms of the 1980s), made European-style "modern responses" (e.g., strengthened the government), and intended to "return to the three generations" of Chinese history, is a major part of this study. How to make a European-style "modern response" (e.g., strengthening the government), and the intention to "return to three generations" and be the best emperor in Chinese history are all important elements of this book. However, the world is not always as good as it should be, especially in the early years of Qianlong, there was a prediction that "the thirteenth year will be a year of disappointment", and indeed, many unsatisfactory things happened in this year, from the family to the court, from the finance to the economy, from the politics to the war, which also triggered the policy of the whole "convergence From family to court, from finance to economy, from politics to war, it also led to a general "tightening up" of policies, as if many things had been done wrong, and it became a record of failure. Reviewing these is also one of the contents of this book. It can be said that this book shows an unknown Qianlong.

"Immediately the court"

Qianlong dynasty must be made in stages of research, should not be rate straight book, all of a sudden is sixty-three years, for this author of the Qianlong dynasty is divided into three phases: one, "Qianlong initial government" (i.e., "thirteen years of the Qianlong"), about the first fifteen years of time; two, "the middle of the Qianlong period" (i.e., "the immediate court"), from the sixteenth to the forty-ninth year of the Qianlong period; and three, "the late Qianlong period", the last ten years or so of the period. While the first phase of the Qianlong dynasty was still largely governed from traditional Confucian concepts-such as "replying to the three generations"-in the second phase, it showed more of the Qing rule's "Manchurian characteristics", which is not simply "leniency and strictness", "from leniency to strictness", but rather is a reproduction of their "immediate rule of the country This is not a simple "distinction between leniency and strictness" or "change from leniency to strictness". This book is about the history of Qianlong Dynasty for about thirty-three years. Taking the Southern Patrol as the center, many things are strung together, especially those related to "educating the people" as opposed to "raising the people", including the "Prison of Words" and other not-so-small topics, like writing a story, paragraph by paragraph, year by year, one by one.

Economic Development and Government Policies in Eighteenth-Century China

Chinese Social Science Press, sponsored by the 1994 Oriental Historical Research Publication Fund. Although the story is about a period of history three hundred years ago, through the author's personal experience (being in the army in the 1970s and taking part in rural reform surveys in the 1980s), it is found that, in many ways, history is connected, and there is both consistency and coherence in the issues. So it is a new interpretation of history with new eyes, and an account of the transformation of rural China in the 20th century from a historical perspective. It shows that whatever problems arise in the process of modernization, Chinese cultural traditions have their own inherent and even up-to-date values.

The Development Sequence of Traditional Chinese Economy

Ocean Publishing House, 1999 The importance of the issue of regional development is self-evident, but China lacks its own theory of the region and has only copied foreign countries, consciously or unconsciously. This book is a construction of China's regional theory in response to this situation. The book covers a number of regions and utilizes a large number of local historical sources, and shows that these issues are, as always, closely related to the past and present, and transcend the ages.

A Historical Examination of the Question of the Role of the Government and the Role of the Government

Marine Publishing House, 2002 In China, the question of the government-state has never been of first-class importance, and the present book is an examination of the questions concerning the role of the government and the role of the government, and the role of the government and the government. government role and role of government, and the relationship between government and civil society, is a historical survey. It seeks to show that in ancient China there existed an "era of big government," and that since then the role of government has been strong and weak, with its own trajectory, and that there have been a number of changes and attempts, up to the modern age, which have left us a rich legacy.

New Essays on the Tenant System.

New Essays on the Tenant System - Landlords, Peasants, and Rent

Shanghai Shudian Publishing House, 2005. It is a subject of economics as well as sociology. In the past, some people have copied foreign theories on Chinese issues, while others have been "superficial" and stayed in the "literal understanding", such as the study of the important land rent rate in the land system, that is, how it is written on the lease is thought to be how, while ignoring the land rent. The study of the important land rent rate in the land system, for example, is to assume what is written in the lease and ignore the existence of the problem of the "actual collection rate" and the "corresponding behavior" of the peasants. Existing studies of the older generation have long pointed out that peasants did not pay rent "in full" or "at the full rate", so what impact does this have on the issue of land rent? How did the peasants manage to do so? This has implications for the understanding of Chinese rural society, the tenancy system, and traditional Chinese culture

Survey of Chinese Peasants' Counteracting Behavior during the People's Commune Period

Chinese **** Party History Publishing House, 2006. The so-called peasants' "counteracting behavior" tells the story of the social side of society under the level of the government and the state. The so-called "counter-behavior" of the peasants is about the reaction and action of the social side under the level of the government and the state. In the past, people thought that peasants were "obedient" and "submissive" and did whatever they were told to do. In fact, Chinese peasants have always had their own ways of sustaining their lives and achieving certain goals, until the realization of the "contracting of production to the household", which highlights the positive contribution of this type of behavior of the peasants to history, and it is precisely through this interaction between the two sides that the reform of the Chinese countryside was realized. In the past, these issues have been kept secret, and were not well understood even by the "on-stage" parties (including the main leaders of the reforms), so their revelation and presentation may have a significant impact on the relationship between the state and civil society, the construction of the relationship between the government and the peasants, as well as the solution of the "Three Rural Issues" (《三农》). It may be of great practical significance to the solution of the "Three Rural Issues"

Economic Development and Government Policies in Eighteenth-Century China

Peking University Press, 2005, History of Ideas Series

Others

Participated in the writing of Du Runsheng's Autobiography (People's Publishing House, 2005), and so on

Lecturing Courses (all are elective courses for postgraduates)

"The 18th Century, Economic Development and Governmental Actions";

"Peasants, Landlords, and Land Rent, A New Theory of the Tenant System";

"Rural Transformation in the 20th Century: (top) collectivization, (bottom) the contracting of production to the household";

"Studies in the History of Western Historiography."

Research projects

Participation in the China-Slovenia scientific cooperation project on the study of Liu Songling, a missionary and the head of the Chintian Supervisory Authority of the Qianlong Dynasty

Participation in the national project of compilation and revision of the history of the Qing Dynasty, "The General Records of the Qianlong Dynasty"

Participation in the research project on the history of the Qing Dynasty ideology

Participation in the international cooperative research on the history of the rural transformations of contemporary times

Participation in the international International Cooperative Research on the History of Contemporary Rural Transformation