How to improve the reading ability of classical Chinese

1. How to improve the reading ability of classical Chinese mainly refers to a written language based on the spoken language in the pre-Qin period, which is characterized by paying attention to allusions, antithesis, neat rhythm and no punctuation, commonly known as "even". Classical Chinese is the crystallization of China traditional culture and an important carrier of China culture. By studying excellent classical Chinese works, we can understand national culture, experience national spirit, learn national wisdom and inherit national excellent traditions. Chinese Teaching Syllabus, Chinese Curriculum Standards and National Unified Examination Syllabus for Enrollment of Ordinary Colleges and Universities have specific requirements for middle school students' reading ability of classical Chinese. Judging from the actual situation of daily teaching, many students have a fear or even resistance to classical Chinese learning, and classical Chinese teaching is in an embarrassing situation. How to cultivate and improve middle school students' reading ability of classical Chinese? Based on many years' teaching practice of classical Chinese, the author explores and tries to improve the links of classical Chinese teaching and students' reading ability.

First, starting with reading an original classical Chinese, cultivate students' strong interest in learning.

The great scientist Einstein said, "For all people, only love is the best teacher." There is an ancient saying in China that "the knower is not as good as the doer, and the doer is not as happy as the musician". This emphasizes the importance of interest and hobbies. Interest is the best teacher. It is very important to learn classical Chinese well and cultivate students' strong interest. In the first classical Chinese class, I brought a copy of Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio. Most students have seen and liked the TV series adapted from this novel. First, give the students a brief introduction to the novel, saying that watching TV plays is interesting, and reading the original is more interesting. Then I told the students one of the three wolves in vernacular Chinese. The story was so fascinating that the students listened to it with relish. After the lecture, some students asked to come again. I said, "In this story, the butcher got a dead wolf and once caught a live wolf. Do you want to know how he caught it? " The student suddenly said, "Yes!" I will send three printed originals of Three Laws of Wolf Nature to my classmates. Ten minutes later, I asked the students, "Do you understand?" Some students made it very clear, but most students didn't understand. I take this opportunity to tell the students that there are hundreds of stories in Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, each of which is more interesting than the other. If you want to understand, you must learn classical Chinese. Then, I led the students to finish the detailed study of this article. The students are very interested in learning. They listen carefully and have feelings, and the effect is particularly good. Students have been interested in classical Chinese since they studied it.

Second, read classical Chinese correctly.

Pay attention to "reading" and "reading aloud" in classical Chinese learning. In classical Chinese teaching, although vocabulary teaching is important, it is often counterproductive without students' full reading as the basis. Therefore, in the teaching process, teachers should be good at guiding students to read the text with reference books and notes, be familiar with the text, and grasp the general content of the text as a whole.

2. How to improve the reading ability of ancient Chinese? First, you should be able to understand the meaning of words and phrases and the content of the article with the help of notes and reference books; Understand and sort out the meaning or usage of common classical Chinese notional words, classical Chinese function words and classical Chinese sentence patterns, and pay attention to the analogy in reading practice; Recite a certain number of famous articles.

The second is to understand the Chinese national spirit contained in the works and lay the foundation for the formation of a certain traditional cultural heritage; Learn to understand the content value of ancient works from the perspective of historical development and draw national wisdom from them; Examine the works with modern concepts and evaluate their positive significance and historical limitations. In other words, classical Chinese teaching must first overcome language barriers.

Therefore, mastering common words and understanding their meanings and sentence patterns has always been the focus of classical Chinese reading teaching. Reading aloud, reciting, inductive comparison of word meanings and sentence patterns, and modern translation of ancient Chinese are important means to improve the reading ability of classical Chinese.

According to the overall arrangement of the required textbooks, this unit also needs to learn the reading methods of Essentials. Summarizing the main points and extracting the essence is an important part of reading.

Summarizing the meaning of paragraphs and summarizing the center have been trained in reading teaching in primary and junior high schools. In high school, the difficulty of the text has increased, and the requirements of reading comprehension have improved, not just summarizing paragraphs or summarizing the center.

We should be able to correctly and skillfully summarize one or several sentences, one or several paragraphs and some related contents as needed. Summarizing the main points must be based on understanding the ideological content of the article.

Reading carefully and sorting out ideas is the premise of proper generalization; Grasping key sentences is also of great significance to ensure the accuracy of generalization. The summary of the main points of the content can not be separated from certain analysis.

It is necessary to distinguish the outline and details of things, be good at grasping the connection of related things, and grasp their similarities and differences. The analysis of the content of the article is inseparable from the mastery of background knowledge and the understanding of expression.

In teaching, we should proceed from reality and guide students to better grasp the authenticity of the text. It's really a bit difficult to start from scratch, so prepare yourself first. Read more books first, and cultivate a sense of language through reading and learning.

Then there are comments: ancient and modern words with different meanings, polysemy, common words and flexible use of parts of speech. 4. Reading China's classic book "Historical Records" can strengthen your literary accomplishment, understand history and allusions. Many things will be learned in Chinese books, so I can read and learn ancient Chinese first.

Wen Gu Guanzhi likes classical Chinese. It is highly recommended to read this book. The one with translation is slowly accumulated on the basis of previous reading and takes some time. As long as these can pass, you can read classical Chinese fluently.

It's rough and difficult to do.

3. How to improve the reading ability of classical Chinese There are two requirements for classical Chinese reading teaching in the new curriculum standard of senior high school.

First of all, we should be able to understand the meaning of words and phrases and read the content of the article with the help of notes and reference books; Understand and sort out the meaning or usage of common classical Chinese notional words, classical Chinese function words and classical Chinese sentence patterns, and pay attention to the analogy in reading practice; Recite a certain number of famous articles. The second is to understand the Chinese national spirit contained in the works and lay the foundation for the formation of a certain traditional cultural heritage; Learn to understand the content value of ancient works from the perspective of historical development and draw national wisdom from them; Examine the works with modern concepts and evaluate their positive significance and historical limitations.

In other words, classical Chinese teaching must first overcome language barriers. Therefore, mastering common words and understanding their meanings and sentence patterns has always been the focus of classical Chinese reading teaching.

Reading aloud, reciting, inductive comparison of word meanings and sentence patterns, and modern translation of ancient Chinese are important means to improve the reading ability of classical Chinese. According to the overall arrangement of the required textbooks, this unit also needs to learn the reading methods of Essentials.

Summarizing the main points and extracting the essence is an important part of reading. Summarizing the meaning of paragraphs and summarizing the center have been trained in reading teaching in primary and junior high schools.

In high school, the difficulty of the text has increased, and the requirements of reading comprehension have improved, not just summarizing paragraphs or summarizing the center. We should be able to correctly and skillfully summarize one or several sentences, one or several paragraphs and some related contents as needed.

Summarizing the main points must be based on understanding the ideological content of the article. Reading carefully and sorting out ideas is the premise of proper generalization; Grasping key sentences is also of great significance to ensure the accuracy of generalization.

The summary of the main points of the content can not be separated from certain analysis. It is necessary to distinguish the outline and details of things, be good at grasping the connection of related things, and grasp their similarities and differences.

The analysis of the content of the article is inseparable from the mastery of background knowledge and the understanding of expression. In teaching, we should proceed from reality and guide students to master the content of the text better and more comprehensively.

4. How to improve the reading comprehension of classical Chinese has several points to pay attention to:

First of all, you must be familiar with the classical Chinese in class, because they are very representative.

There is also the need to strengthen memory and try to write down every classical Chinese. And when remembering, we must understand and remember, not mechanically, otherwise the memory will not be strong.

Then, write down some commonly used words in classical Chinese, and then make up some jingles that suit you, so that you can remember many meanings together, which is better. For example, if you remember the meaning of "one", I will write it down: rely on it.

We should also pay attention to special structures, such as noun usage and attributive postposition. The structure of "Zhi … Yu" is passive.

There is more questions, more hands-on information, combined with historical facts, to understand the full text.

Last but not least, you must cultivate your interest in learning anything first, so that you can go into battle lightly and gallop freely all the way.

After a long time, I have accumulated a lot, until it is more natural, and it will be much easier to read classical Chinese after class.

Translation methods of classical Chinese

First, basic methods: literal translation and free translation.

There are two basic methods of classical Chinese translation: literal translation and free translation. The so-called literal translation refers to the word-for-word translation of the original text with modern Chinese words, so that the content words and function words are as opposed as possible. The advantage of literal translation is the implementation of every word; Its disadvantage is that sometimes the translated sentences are difficult to understand and the language is not fluent enough. The so-called free translation means translating according to the meaning of the sentence, conforming to the original intention as much as possible, and taking care of the original intention as much as possible. Free translation has certain flexibility, which can add or subtract words, change the position of words and change sentence patterns. The advantage of free translation is that the text is coherent, and the translation conforms to the expression habits of modern languages and is fluent, fluent and easy to understand. Its disadvantage is that sometimes the original text cannot be realized word by word. These two translation methods should be mainly literal translation, supplemented by free translation.

Second, specific methods: leave, delete, supplement, change, adjust and change.

"Stay" means to keep. Words with the same meaning in ancient and modern times, as well as ancient names such as names of people, places, things, officials, countries, years and units of measurement, can remain unchanged when translated.

"Delete" means delete. Delete function words that do not need to be translated in classical Chinese. For example, "Pei Gong joined Fan Kuai"-Pei Gong's bodyguard Fan Kuai. "This is also" is an auxiliary word at the end, which is not translated.

"Supplement" means supplement. (1) Turn monosyllabic words into disyllabic words; (2) make up the omitted elements in the ellipsis sentence; (3) Fill in the omitted sentences. Note: Fill in the omitted components or sentences with brackets.

"Change" means replacement. Replace ancient words with modern words. For example, replace "I, Yu, Yu" with "I" and "II, Ru" with "You".

"Adjustment" means adjustment. Adjust ancient Chinese inverted sentences to modern Chinese sentence patterns. When translating subject-predicate inversion sentences, prepositional object sentences, prepositional object postposition sentences and attributive postposition sentences, the word order should generally be adjusted to conform to modern Chinese expression habits.

"Change" means flexibility. On the basis of being faithful to the original text, translate related words on the spot. If "the waves are calm", it can be translated as "(the lake) is calm".

Translation formula of ancient Chinese

Classical Chinese translation has its own order, so you can read the whole article first and grasp the main idea.

Understand the theme first, collect information, from paragraphs to sentences, from clauses to words,

Understand all, be clear, and be careful when dealing with difficult sentences.

Take care of the previous paragraph, connect with the next sentence, think carefully and try to figure out the tone.

Strive to be reasonable, reasonable and closely related.

If omitted, fill in the original intention and put brackets to indicate the gain.

Names and place names, without translation, names, as usual,

I and Yu are mine, and Er and You are yours. Omitting inversion is regular.

Content words and function words, with the interpretation of the text, sensitize the sense of language, and vary from sentence to sentence.

After translation, you must carefully compare the sentences and understand the tone.

The sentence was fluent, and then I stopped writing.

5. How to improve students' reading ability of classical Chinese mainly refers to a kind of written language based on the spoken language in the pre-Qin period, which is characterized by paying attention to the use of allusions, parallel antithesis, neat melody and no punctuation, commonly known as "what is it?"

Classical Chinese is the crystallization of China traditional culture and an important carrier of China culture. By studying excellent classical Chinese works, we can understand national culture, experience national spirit, learn national wisdom and inherit national excellent traditions.

Chinese Teaching Syllabus, Chinese Curriculum Standards and National Unified Examination Syllabus for Enrollment of Ordinary Colleges and Universities have specific requirements for middle school students' reading ability of classical Chinese. Judging from the actual situation of daily teaching, many students have a fear or even resistance to classical Chinese learning, and classical Chinese teaching is in an embarrassing situation.

How to cultivate and improve middle school students' reading ability of classical Chinese? Based on many years' teaching practice of classical Chinese, the author explores and tries to improve the links of classical Chinese teaching and students' reading ability. First, starting with reading an original classical Chinese, cultivate students' strong interest in learning. The great scientist Einstein said, "For all people, only love is the best teacher."

There is an ancient saying in China that "the knower is not as good as the doer, and the doer is not as happy as the musician". This emphasizes the importance of interest and hobbies. Interest is the best teacher.

It is very important to learn classical Chinese well and cultivate students' strong interest. In the first classical Chinese class, I brought a copy of Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio.

Most students have seen and liked the TV series adapted from this novel. First, give the students a brief introduction to the novel, saying that watching TV plays is interesting, and reading the original is more interesting. Then I told the students one of the three wolves in vernacular Chinese.

The story was so fascinating that the students listened to it with relish. After the lecture, some students asked to come again.

I said, "In this story, the butcher got a dead wolf and once caught a live wolf. Do you want to know how he caught it? " The student suddenly said, "Yes!" I will send three printed originals of Three Laws of Wolf Nature to my classmates. Ten minutes later, I asked the students, "Do you understand?" Some students made it very clear, but most students didn't understand.

I take this opportunity to tell the students that there are hundreds of stories in Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, each of which is more interesting than the other. If you want to understand, you must learn classical Chinese. Then, I led the students to finish the detailed study of this article.

The students are very interested in learning. They listen carefully and have feelings, and the effect is particularly good. Students have been interested in classical Chinese since they studied it.

Second, the correct reading of classical Chinese should attach importance to "reading" and "reading aloud". In classical Chinese teaching, although vocabulary teaching is important, it is often counterproductive without students' full reading as the basis.

Therefore, in the teaching process, teachers should be good at guiding students to read the text with reference books and notes, be familiar with the text, and grasp the general content of the text as a whole.