What are the four major performance forms of Beijing Opera? Be specific.

Singing, reading, doing and playing are the four performance forms of Beijing Opera. At the same time, it is also the four basic skills of opera actors. Also known as the "four great merits".

"Singing" means singing skills. "Doing" means doing work, that is, performing. "Nian" refers to music chanting. And "fighting" refers to martial arts. Opera actors have been trained from these four aspects since childhood.

1, singing is one of the main artistic means of China traditional opera. The first step in learning to sing is to shout and hang up your voice, expand the range and volume, exercise the endurance and timbre of your voice, and practice the skills of articulation, rhyme, spouting and moistening your cavity respectively. Singing skills are good at using vocal skills to express the voices of the people in the play through the artistic appeal of vocal music.

2. Reciting and singing complement each other and cooperate with each other, which is also an important artistic means to express characters' thoughts and feelings. Actors practice basic skills since childhood, and reading white is also one of the compulsory courses. Generally speaking, China traditional operas can be divided into two categories: rhyme and prose, both of which are artistically refined languages, with a sense of rhythm and musicality, sonorous and melodious, and in harmony with singing.

3. Doing work generally refers to performing skills, which is one of the main signs that China traditional opera is different from other performing arts. When an actor creates a character, there are various procedures for his hands, eyes, body and steps, as well as various techniques for his mouth, feathers, bun and sleeves. These stylized dance words can be used flexibly, highlighting the characters' personality, age, identity and other characteristics, making their artistic image more successful.

4. Beating is another important part of China's traditional opera body movements, a dance of traditional martial arts, and a highly artistic refinement of fighting scenes in life. Generally divided into two categories: handle work and blanket work. Not only should you have a deep foundation, but you should also be good at using these extremely difficult skills to accurately show the mental outlook and temperament of the characters.

Extended data:

The four artistic means of opera performance are also the four basic skills of opera performance. Singing refers to singing, while reciting refers to the recitation of music. They complement each other and form a "song", which is one of the two major elements of the performing arts of musical dramas. Doing refers to the body movements of dancing, and beating refers to the skills of martial arts and somersaults. They combine with each other to form a "dance", which is one of the two major elements of the performing arts of musical dramas.

Opera singing is never an independent vocal performance interspersed in the play, but one of the important means to shape characters. For some excellent plays, the arrangement of aria is based on the needs of the plot and the development of characters' personality, thoughts and emotions.

Enrich and strengthen the literary image through beautiful musical images and attract the audience's hearing, just like doing and playing with beautiful dance images to attract the audience's vision. Therefore, the singing of traditional Chinese opera, the skill and accomplishment of actors are all important factors that determine the success or failure of artistic creation.

For the same character in the same play, because of the different experiences and understandings of the actors and the different singing methods, various artistic styles with different singing interests have gradually formed.

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