What is the current development trend of retail industry in China?

At present, the development of China's department store industry presents the characteristics of scale, collectivization, diversification and extension to new formats. Judging from the market situation, large department stores are as follows:

1. The economic benefits are declining.

Although the retail sales of consumer goods in the whole society increased by 9.7% in 2000 compared with the previous year, the gross profit margin of department store retail enterprises declined as a whole, from 12.9% in the previous year to 12%, far below the level of 30% in developed countries. The profit growth of enterprises is much lower than the sales growth, and the effect of reducing losses is not ideal. According to the statistics of China National Business Information Center, in 2000, the total sales of 273 key large-scale retail malls reached 65.438+02.939 billion yuan, an increase of 654.38+09% over the previous year (an increase of 654.38+080 and a decrease of 93). Retail sales107.28 billion yuan, up13.6% over the previous year (190 up, down 83%); However, the total profit realized in the same period decreased by 9.9% compared with the previous year.

2. Excessive expansion of competition in the same industry.

Judging from the development in recent years, the construction speed of department store retail enterprises in most cities far exceeds the actual purchasing power growth level of residents. In large and medium-sized cities, the number of large-scale shopping malls with annual sales of more than1.200 million yuan has expanded from 98 in 1.992 to more than 1.000 in 2000, and quite a few of them are still under construction or preparation. In order to expand sales and increase market share, businesses minimize profits. A large number of small retailers with low profit margin expectations have further deteriorated the income level of the industry.

3. Different commercial formats compete to occupy market share.

Various commercial formats attract consumers and occupy market share with their own different characteristics. 19 among the top 50 retail enterprises in China, 10 has the slowest growth, and 9 of them are large department stores, all of which have negative growth; In the top 50 of 10, supermarkets accounted for 5 seats, which changed the history of department stores in the past. At the same time, the market share of collective businesses with similar characteristics to traditional department stores is also declining.

4. The market lacks hot spots, and the consumer demand is obviously broken.

The income level of urban and rural residents has improved to a certain extent, and the demand for popularization and food and clothing has been basically saturated, but the new high-level purchasing power has not yet formed, and the demand for higher-level enjoyment and development is still in a state of "unattainable", and the purchasing power of residents has been diverted through various channels, so the demand for commodity consumption will gradually weaken in recent years. Therefore, it is difficult for the consumer goods market to sell well.

Second, supermarket chains.

1. develops rapidly and is widely distributed.

China supermarket chain has become the most dynamic business format. Especially in recent years, the sales scale of large and medium-sized supermarket chain enterprises has increased year by year, which is obviously higher than the growth of total retail sales of social goods and the growth of traditional department stores. Since 1994, the average growth rate of chain supermarket industry in China has been above 70%, and in 2000 it increased by 53% compared with 1999. Lianhua, Hualian and Agriculture, Industry and Commerce Supermarket, the "three giants" of Shanghai chain industry, ranked first, fifth and eighth among the national 10 retail enterprises. Chain supermarkets will surpass department stores to become the first main force in retail industry.

From the perspective of regional distribution, large supermarket chain enterprises are mostly concentrated in coastal areas and provincial capital cities. The development speed, scale and level of supermarkets in Shanghai, Beijing and Guangdong are higher than those in other regions, and the number of stores accounts for more than 1/3 of the total.

2. The competition is fierce, and the supermarket chain industry has entered the integration period.

Compared with foreign chain supermarkets, the scale of chain supermarkets in China is obviously small. Judging from the sales in 2000, Lianhua Supermarket Co., Ltd., the leading supermarket chain in China, only has 1/80 of Wal-Mart. At present, the main ways for chain supermarket companies to expand their scale are the chain transformation of state-owned outlets and the expansion through leasing, purchasing and building new outlets, all of which belong to single capital expansion. In order to expand the scale of enterprises and build the "aircraft carrier" of domestic supermarket chains, only by further changing the concept and breaking through the industry boundaries and regional boundaries through various means such as alliance, merger, acquisition and joining can a large-scale supermarket chain company with large operation scale and strong competitiveness be truly formed.

3. The speed of foreign investment has accelerated.

Well-known foreign supermarket groups are optimistic about the development potential of China's commercial sector, and have entered China one after another, increasing investment and achieving good economic benefits. For example, Carrefour 1999' s sales in China was 6 billion yuan, which rose to 8 1 100 million yuan in 2000, with 28 branches; The annual sales of eight chain stores opened by Wal-Mart in China are expected to reach 3-4 billion yuan.

Third, warehouse shopping malls.

According to preliminary statistics, there are more than 1000 warehouse-style shopping malls in China. Warehouse shopping malls have expanded from the most economically developed Guangdong province to Beijing and Shanghai, and then to provincial capitals and other industrial and commercial centers.

The entry of large-scale well-known foreign-funded warehouse shopping malls into China market has not only set an example for the development of domestic warehouse shopping malls, but also intensified the competition among them. China warehouse shopping malls have gradually entered the stage of standardized development, and many warehouse shopping malls have begun to pay attention to the cultivation of talents and the standardized operation of internal management.

Warehouse shopping malls are developing from single stores to chain stores, actively seeking economies of scale. For example, Metro has six chain stores in China, and now many single-store warehouse-style shopping malls also have plans to carry out chain operations.

Building materials and decorative materials warehouse mall has become one of the indispensable members of China warehouse mall family, and it has developed rapidly. Tianjin Home Furnishing, the first building materials and decorative materials storage mall in China, has grown to nearly ten building materials storage companies in just three or four years, with outlets covering Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Xi, Shenyang, Nanjing, Wuxi and Qingdao.

The advantages of China Warehouse Mall mainly include the following points:

1. Warehouse-style shopping malls are positioned in the middle and low grades. At present, 60% ~ 70% of consumers in China are still at a low consumption level, so the positioning of warehouse shopping malls has adapted to the current consumption situation, and shopping malls have launched a series of convenience services, which are quite popular with consumers.

2. Warehouse-style shopping malls implement membership system, accept some consumers with high income and high consumption but sensitive to for-profit sales as their members, and reward their large consumption, thus becoming their own fixed consumption groups. The implementation of membership system is also convenient for merchants to analyze the market, determine the consumption trend, and thus formulate various marketing strategies.

3. Independent shopping. Consumers' independent psychology of shopping is increasing day by day, and their dependence on salespeople is weakening, while warehouse shopping malls are just suitable for consumers' consumption psychology.

4. The management organization is streamlined and efficient.

5. Warehouse shopping malls generally implement PB strategy. PB is a Private Brand (private trademark), which refers to the goods planned and developed by retail enterprises themselves and labeled with company-specific trademarks. The implementation of PB strategy has three advantages: (1) The reduction of circulation links also reduces the circulation cost, and the pricing of PB products is generally 20% ~ 30% lower than that of similar products from manufacturers; (2) A production system dominated by retail circulation enterprises has been constructed, which shortens the distance between consumers and manufacturers and can provide the goods that consumers need in time, properly and appropriately; (3) It is helpful to improve the visibility of enterprises, increase intangible assets and improve competitiveness, including the ability to compete with suppliers.

Fourth, specialty stores.

The development of specialty stores presents the following characteristics: rapid development, a substantial increase in the total; Professional subdivision; Diversified business forms. The development speed of specialty stores has obviously accelerated, and it has developed extremely rapidly in some big cities, and has gradually become a business format that keeps pace with comprehensive department stores and supermarkets. With the advantages of relatively low price, professional service and chain operation, these specialty stores have quickly carved up the market share of the original large department stores, but they are also facing problems such as lack of talents, backward management level and limited business scale in their development.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) convenience store

At present, represented by Shanghai, convenience stores are developing rapidly. There are more than 65,438+0,000 convenience stores in Shanghai, dealing in 3,000 ~ 4,000 kinds of food, non-staple food and daily groceries, with an average business area of 200 ~ 300 square meters. Convenience stores in Shanghai belong to nine convenience chain companies, all of which have their own unified store logos, and many of them are open 24 hours a day. According to statistics, 68.2% of consumers spend less than 20 yuan at every outlet, only 8% spend more than 40 yuan, and almost none spend more than 100 yuan. Convenience stores have adapted to the current level of economic development and consumer demand in China, and are one of the most promising retail formats in China. It is expected that the future development speed will be faster.

VI. Other formats

In recent years, shopping centers are being built in major cities all over the country, with construction areas ranging from 500,000 square meters to 200,000 square meters. There are about 200 shopping centers under construction in China, which are basically comprehensive shopping centers integrating entertainment, catering, service and leisure shopping.

In addition to the above-mentioned main formats, electronic stores characterized by no-store operation and based on network technology have also made certain development in China.