Is the agricultural production of the grange in Han Dynasty collective farming?

The agricultural production of grange in Han Dynasty was not entirely collective agriculture.

The agricultural production of grange in Han Dynasty gradually changed from public land system to private land system, and from collective farming to individual farming. This change is mainly due to the gradual formation of private ownership of land and the transformation of agricultural production to commercialization, and the landlord class has strengthened the exploitation and control of farmers.

However, this does not mean that all agricultural production is collective agriculture. In the Han Dynasty, due to the progress of production tools, individual farming became the main mode of agricultural production in ancient times. Individual farming refers to farmers or families using their own production tools and land for farming, which has occupied a dominant position in the Han Dynasty.

In addition, the modes of agricultural production in the Han Dynasty also include manor economy and agricultural reclamation system, in which manor economy is a family-based agricultural production, while agricultural reclamation system is a collective farming form organized by the army or the government.

To sum up, the agricultural production of grange in Han Dynasty was not completely collective farming, but mainly individual farming and collective farming.