What are the treatment methods for diabetic patients?

Diabetic patients often have nail desquamation.

food therapy

Diet therapy is the basic measure to treat diabetes. Scientific and reasonable diet can reduce the burden of islet β cells. Diet therapy is the main method to treat mild diabetes patients with high plasma insulin level on an empty stomach and after meals. Its dietary principles are as follows:

The diet of diabetics should be a balanced diet.

The nutrients contained should be comprehensive, the proportion should be appropriate, and the quantity should be sufficient for patients to accept. It is also necessary to provide enough nutrition to meet the needs of growth, development and living and labor, and reduce the negative bile of islet β cells. It is required to eat low-salt, low-calorie and low-fat foods and limit the intake of starch. The staple food can be changed from rice and white flour to some coarse grains such as buckwheat, corn and millet.

Drinking and smoking are strictly prohibited.

Because drinking will make damp heat attack, smoking will make hot smoke, both of which are pungent and warm, which is very harmful to diabetic patients.

Avoid eating fat and sweet.

Traditional Chinese medicine believes that foods with high fat and high protein belong to fat, sweet and thick taste, which will produce damp heat, which is not conducive to the elimination of yin deficiency and dry heat in diabetic patients. Therefore, diabetic patients should not eat more fat meat, animal offal, molasses products and fried food, so as not to aggravate the condition and even induce complications such as ketoacidosis.

Avoid overeating. A small amount of food is better than three rich meals, and eating less refined meals is better than eating too much 1 meal.

Eat crude fiber food

There must be 80% crude fiber food in the diet to stimulate the pancreas to secrete insulin, increase the insulin content in the blood and reduce the dosage. At the same time, we advocate eating foods rich in chromium, such as whole grains, kidney beans, bean products, cucumbers, mushrooms and so on. Because chromium is a necessary trace element for normal sugar metabolism and lipid metabolism. The effect of chromium is directly related to insulin, and its mechanism may be that chromium forms ternary complexes with islet cells and mitochondrial membrane receptors to promote insulin. Therefore, proper supplementation of trace element chromium is helpful to delay the deterioration of diabetes.

Diet should be light.

Eat more fresh vegetables, such as soybeans, apricots, spinach, radishes, buckwheat, oats and walnuts. However, children should not drink milk regularly to prevent diabetes. Foods with low salt, low energy, low fat and high cellulose should be eaten. Because cellulose can control blood sugar and glucose metabolism.

Eat more potatoes, vegetables and fruits.

Potatoes, vegetables and fruits are rich in vitamins, inorganic salts and dietary fiber, which are one of the main sources of human nutrition. Eating too little vegetables, fruits, potatoes and coarse grains will cause too little feces and constipation. In the past, people often ignored the effect of dietary fiber on human health, because human beings did not have enzymes to decompose plant fiber and could not decompose cellulose into nutrients needed by human body like herbivores, so they thought it had no nutritional effect on human body. In recent years, it has been found that dietary fiber can not provide direct nutrients for human body, but it plays an irreplaceable role in maintaining human health. For example, if dietary fiber intake is low, the incidence of hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes, cerebrovascular disease, gallstones, obesity and rectal cancer will increase significantly.

Low salt diet

Develop the habit of low-salt diet. Do not eat aromatic, spicy, fire-reducing, heat-clearing diet.

In the prevention of diabetes, it is necessary to publicize scientific knowledge and let the people know the harm and pathogenic factors of diabetes. Maintain a reasonable and scientific lifestyle and avoid high-calorie diet, non-physical labor, obesity, smoking, heavy drinking and other lifestyles that promote the onset of diabetes, thus reducing the incidence of diabetes. Educate adults about the basic knowledge of diabetes every year, including giving lectures to diabetic patients, playing diabetes health education videos, and educating patients through radio, television, newspapers and billboards. Investigate the high-risk population of diabetes and actively carry out prevention propaganda; To explore the economic cost of complications in diabetic patients.

Early diagnosis and treatment. Through the investigation of high-risk groups, abnormal glucose tolerance and diabetes were found; Prevent and reverse the occurrence of diabetes, and control the incidence of diabetes in patients with impaired glucose tolerance below 5%. For patients with impaired glucose tolerance, metformin or α -glucosidase inhibitors should be used on the basis of diet and exercise intervention to better prevent patients with impaired glucose tolerance from developing into diabetic patients.

Prevent or delay the occurrence of complications. Actively control the condition of new and old diabetic patients, make blood sugar basically normal, control blood pressure and blood lipid, and make more than 60% of diabetic patients reach the standard of intensive treatment. Reduce the occurrence and development of disability and serious chronic complications; Avoid or reduce the occurrence of acute complications. Educate patients and their immediate family members; Hold a diabetes knowledge class to communicate with doctors and patients; Attach importance to psychological education, guide patients in a targeted manner and make friends with patients; Encourage patients to read the diabetes self-study manual; Use newspapers, magazines, television, videos, etc. Promote diabetes knowledge; Do a good job in the activities of Diabetes Association, Rehabilitation Association and World Diabetes Day, so that patients can treat diabetes scientifically and seriously, and consciously carry out reasonable treatment. Doctors only give methods to give full play to patients' subjective initiative.