What festivals, living habits and dress characteristics do Dai people have?

1, Songkran Festival: Dai New Year. From June 24th to 26th in the Dai calendar (mid-April in the summer calendar), the festival lasts for 3 to 5 days. In the early morning of the festival, men, women and children bathe and change clothes, and go to the Buddhist temple to worship the Buddha, that is, sprinkle water on the Buddha to wash the dust, and then splash water on each other to eliminate disasters.

2, Kaimen Festival: Dai language is called "Chuao", which means that the Buddha leaves the temple. Traditional religious festivals of Dai people in Yunnan. It is held on1February15th of the Dai calendar every year. Its activities are the same as the closing day. On the day of Dai calendar1February 15, what was put behind the Buddha when entering the cave was taken out and burned, indicating that the Buddha had come out of the cave. /kloc-on 0/6, the monk left the cave, and the whole family went to the cave to worship Buddha.

3. Closing the Door Festival: Dai language is called "entering the depression", which means that Buddha enters the temple. Yunnan Dai traditional religious festival, lasting for three months, began in the fifteenth day of the ninth year of the Dai calendar (mid-July of the lunar calendar). According to legend, every year on the ninth day of September in the Dai calendar, the Buddha went to the Western Heaven to give a lecture with his mother, and returned to the world in March.

4. Flower Street Festival: also called "Hot Water Pond Flower Street Festival". The traditional folk festival of the Dai people in Yuanjiang, Yunnan Province is held on the seventh day of the first lunar month every year for one day. The Dai and Ya people also celebrate the Flower Street Festival, which is basically the same as the Dai people, but the festival is on the sixth day of the fifth lunar month.

5, into the summer festival: Dai language called "good wow", meaning to enter the summer. It started in September of the Dai calendar 15 (mid-July of the lunar calendar) and lasted for 3 months. According to legend, every year in the Dai calendar in September, the Buddha went to the Western Heaven to lecture with his mother, and then returned to the world three months later.

7. Summer Festival: The Dai language is called "Angwa", which means summer, and it originated from the habit of living in the rainy season in ancient Buddhism. The time is 65438 in the Dai calendar+65438 in February+May (around the middle of September in the lunar calendar). It symbolizes that the rainy season in the past three months has ended, and the marriage taboo between men and women has been lifted since the "closed day", so people call it "open day".

Living habits are as follows:

1, taboo: it is forbidden for outsiders to ride horses, drive cattle, carry heavy loads and enter the stockade unkempt; When entering the Dai bamboo house, you should take off your shoes outside the door and walk gently inside. You can't sit above or across the fireplace, enter the owner's inner room, or sit on the threshold; The tripod on the fireplace can't move, and the fire can't be pushed.

Don't whistle and cut your nails at home; Don't use clothes as pillows, and don't sit on pillows; When hanging clothes, the coat should be hung at a high place, and the pants and skirts should be hung at a low place; Take off your shoes when entering the Buddhist temple, and avoid touching the head, Buddha statue, spear, banner and other Buddhist sacred objects of the young monk. ?

2. Marriage custom: "Chasing yellow chickens" is a way for young men and women in Xishuangbanna to seek love by eating rumors, that is, girls take yellow chickens to the market to sell. If the buyer is a girl's lover, the girl will take the initiative to take out a stool and let him sit next to him. Through conversation, if the two sides love each other, they will hold the chicken and carry the stool to the Woods to spit out their feelings; If the buyer is not the girl's lover, the girl will double the asking price. ?

3. Dietary customs: Rice and glutinous rice are the staple foods. Dehong Dai's staple food is japonica rice, and Xishuangbanna Dai's staple food is glutinous rice. Usually eaten immediately. People think that japonica rice and rice need to be eaten immediately without losing their original color and fragrance, so they don't eat overnight meals or rarely eat them, and they are used to pinching rice with their hands. All dishes and snacks are mainly sour, such as sour bamboo shoots, sour pea powder, sour meat, wild sour fruit and so on.

Clothing features:

1, female: traditionally, women wear short sleeves and skirts. Dai women in Xishuangbanna wear white or scarlet underwear with small waist, wide hem and various tube skirts. Women in Dehong, mangshi and other places wear light-colored big-breasted jackets, trousers and small waists before marriage, and change them into double-breasted jackets and black skirts after marriage.

2. Male: Dai men wear a collarless double-breasted or large-breasted small sleeve coat, long-sleeved trousers, cold-weather blankets and white or blue cloth covers. The custom of male tattoos is very common, which not only shows courage, but also can ward off evil spirits, protect the body and decorate the body. Boys will be asked to get tattoos when they are about 1 1 years old. Tattoos are mostly tigers, leopards, lions, dragons, snakes and eagles. Most parts are limbs, chest, abdomen and back. Generally, it takes two days to write a leg and seven to eight days to write a whole body.

Extended data:

Dai language (Roman alphabet: Dai language), also known as Thai (Thai: Roman alphabet: Thai) and Shan nationality (Roman alphabet: Shan nationality), is the national language of Dai language (Thai), belonging to Zhuang-Dai branch of Zhuang-Dong language family of Sino-Tibetan language family.

Dai people regard peacocks and elephants as mascots, and folk stories are rich and colorful. Dai people like to live by the water, love cleanliness, often take a bath, and women like to wash their hair, so they have the reputation of "water nation". In the past, Dai people generally believed in Buddhism, and primitive religion spread to the south.

There are many kinds of Dai dances. Dai people in Xishuangbanna call dance "fan". Folk dances include: Fan Nuo, Fan Guanghan, Fan Guang, Ha Fan and Zheng Fan. Fanwannuo mainly imitates the movements of birds, including peacock dance, crane dance and turtledove dance.

Fan Guanghan is an animal dance performed with deer models as props, in addition to lion dance and elephant dance.

All dancers just drum or dance for encouragement, and accompany themselves, which is limited to male performances and widely circulated among the people. Common encouragement methods include horn honking, elephant foot drum dancing and big encouragement.

Hafan is a group dance that can sing and dance well. Common dances are "Yila River" and "Gaosheng Dance", which are performed collectively during festivals.

All dances are martial arts dances, including boxing dance, stick dance and knife dance. Performances are often accompanied by percussion instruments such as drums, cymbals and cymbals. The performer's pace and rhythm should be coordinated with the drums, which has the characteristics of entertainment and self-defense.

In addition to the above-mentioned dances with unified names, there are also some folk dances that reflect production, life and customs, such as hat dance, fan dance, garland dance, stick dance, wax strip dance and lotus dance. Dance movements show some aspects of Dai life, which has a strong flavor of life.

Among all kinds of dances of the Dai people, peacock dance is one of the most popular, familiar, changing and developing dances. Every year, during Buddhist festivals and when welcoming the New Year, peacock dance is performed.

Dai festivals are mostly related to religious activities. The main festivals are Door Festival, Opening Day and Water-splashing Festival.

The closing day, called "Howasa" in Dai language, is fixed on September 15 in Dai calendar (mid-July in Gregorian calendar). Kaimen Festival, called "Onvasa" in Dai language, is fixed on the day of 65438+February 65438+May (Gregorian calendar 65438+1mid-October).

The biggest festival of Huayao Dai is the "Flower Street Festival" on the 13th day of the first lunar month. On this day, thousands of young men and women gathered in Flower Street from the surrounding villages. The flower street of the festival is very lively, and little girls (girls) dressed in ancient costumes line up and walk slowly through the flower street, competing for each other and having unlimited amorous feelings; Boys are looking for the right person, keep your eyes open.

The prominent feature of Dai family and marriage in history is hierarchical marriage. There is a strict hierarchical marriage between chiefs, and polygamy is prevalent. Tusi also abused farmers' wives and daughters by virtue of their power. Most farmers have a patriarchal monogamous family, and parents and unmarried children are family members. There are differences in social development in different places, so there are also differences in family and marriage patterns.

Dai people are buried in soil, but there are obvious class differences. The burial places of nobles and poor people are strictly separated. After the monks and buddhas died, they were cremated first, and then their ashes were buried in a crock behind the temple.

References:

Baidu encyclopedia-Dai people