-Henan's leading position in China and even the world.

The present situation and enlightenment of Henan's economic development

Henan and Jiangxi, both located in the central region, are faced with the historical task of accelerating development and realizing their rise. It is of great significance to analyze the characteristics of Henan's economic development and learn from its successful experience for accelerating Jiangxi's economic development and realizing its rise in the central region.

First, the situation and advantages of this province

Henan is located at east longitude11021′ ~1639 ′, north latitude 3123 ′ ~ 3622 ′, with a length of about 580 kilometers from east to west and a width of about 550 kilometers from north to south. Because Yuzhou was called "Yuzhou" in ancient times, and because Yuzhou was located in the center of Kyushu in ancient times, it was also called "Zhongzhou" and "Central Plains". The land area of the whole province is167,000 square kilometers, ranking 17 in the whole country, but the per capita level is less than14 in the whole country. Henan has raised 7.5% of the country's population with 65,438+0.7% of the country's land. The comparative advantages of Henan are:

1, location: superior. Henan is located in the middle and east of China, in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, bordering Anhui and Shandong in the east, Hebei and Shanxi in the north, Shaanxi in the west and Hubei in the south. Located in the transition zone from the second step to the third step in China, it has a moderate position. Judging from the location of the political district, Henan is in the middle. With Henan as the center, Heilongjiang in the north, the Pearl River Basin in the south, the foot of Tianshan Mountain in the west and the coast of the East China Sea in the east, most of them span two or three provinces and regions. If Zhengzhou, the provincial capital, is the center, it is far from Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan in the north, Wuhan in the south, Guanzhong Plain in the west and economically developed areas such as Shanghai, Nanjing and Hangzhou in the east, and the straight-line distance is mostly within 600-800 kilometers. In terms of traffic conditions, Henan has always been the only place for the people of the whole country to travel from south to north and from west to east, and it is also a place where people of all ethnic groups have frequent activities and close contacts. The channel connecting east and west is the Yellow River basin, which can be traced back to Guanzhong and directly to northwest and west Asia. The famous Silk Road extends eastward through the Yellow River Basin, and the second Eurasian Continental Bridge (Longhai Line and Lanxin Line), an important traffic artery in modern times, also passes through this passage. The north-south passage is also opened at the junction of mountains and plains, such as the famous Nanxiang passage in ancient times, the modern Beijing-Guangzhou line and the Beijing-Shenzhen Expressway. In addition, Beijing-Kowloon, Jiaozhi, Longhai, Xinhe and other railway trunk lines are intertwined in China. Such a superior geographical location and convenient traffic conditions make Henan play an important role in connecting the east with the west and connecting the north with the south.

2. Natural resources: rich. ① Mineral resources. Henan is one of the important provinces with mineral resources in China, with complete strata, complex geological structure and superior prospecting conditions. There are 0/02 kinds of minerals/kloc-in Henan, and 78 kinds of proven reserves. There are 55 kinds of mineral reserves in the top 8 in China, and 5 kinds of mineral reserves such as molybdenum, kyanite, perlite, trona and molding sand rank first in China. Coal, petroleum, natural gas, aluminum, gold, silver, marl, refractory clay and marble are abundant. ② Tourism resources. Ancient (ancient culture), river (Yellow River), boxing (Shaolin martial arts, Taiji biography), roots (seeking roots and ancestors) and flowers (Luoyang peony) are the tourism characteristics of Henan. There are more than one million cultural relics in Henan, accounting for about 1/8 of the whole country. Luoyang, Kaifeng and Anyang are also known as one of the seven ancient capitals of China. There are 23 nature reserves and 25 key scenic spots in the province. Jigongshan, Songshan, Longmen, Wuwang and Yuntai Mountain are national scenic spots, and Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang are included in the World Heritage List. ③ Animal and plant resources. There are more than 400 species of terrestrial vertebrates in China, accounting for 1/5 of the national species. There are 197 families and more than 3600 kinds of higher plants. There are many kinds of medicinal plants, including more than 800 kinds of woody plants, herbs and fungi, which are distributed all over the province. Such as "Shengdi, Yam, Xiniu and Chrysanthemum" in Wenxian, Qinyang and Wusu, and honeysuckle in Mixian, enjoy a unique reputation in China.

3. Infrastructure: perfect. Henan is one of the largest transportation hubs in China. China's two major railway trunk lines, Jingguang and Longhai Railway, and expressway's two major trunk lines, Beijing-Zhuhai and Lianhuo Highway, meet here. At present, a transportation system with railways and highways as the backbone and civil aviation and waterway transportation as the auxiliary has been formed. In terms of railways, a "three vertical and four horizontal" railway network has been formed. Zhengzhou North Station is the largest marshalling station in Asia, Zhengzhou East Station is the largest LTL transfer station in China, and Zhengzhou Station is one of the largest passenger stations in China. By the end of 2004, the mileage of local railways in the province had reached 1439 km, ranking first in the country. On the highway, a cross-shaped expressway skeleton has been formed. By the end of 2004, the mileage of expressway reached1758km, ranking ninth in China. In aviation, three civil airports have been built in Zhengzhou, Luoyang and Nanyang, and 32 domestic routes and non-scheduled international flights from chartered flight to 56 large and medium-sized cities in China and Hong Kong and Macao have been opened, with 560 flights per week and an annual throughput of 6,543,800+0.5 million passengers. ② Henan is one of the important transportation hubs in China. By the end of 2004, the number of fixed telephone users in the province had reached 1625, ranking fifth in the country. Mobile exchange users13,907,000, ranking11nationwide; The number of netizens reached 2.733 million, ranking 10 nationwide. Long-distance communication transmission has been automated, long-distance lines have been digitized, urban and rural telephone exchanges have all realized program control and data transmission, network technology has basically synchronized with the world advanced level, and business types can basically meet the needs of information construction at this stage.

Second, the development effect

In 2004, the GDP of Henan Province reached 88 1.5 billion yuan, ranking fifth in the country. The proportion accounted for 6.5% of the country, an increase of 0.5 percentage points over the previous year; The growth rate was 13.7%, the highest since 1997 and 4.2 percentage points higher than that of the whole country. The per capita GDP is 9470 yuan, breaking through the important mark of $65438+0,000, and the economic development has leapt to a new strategic starting point. The tertiary industry structure has been adjusted from 17.6: 50.5: 3 1.9 in the previous year to18.7: 51.2: 30.1,and the industrial added value accounts for 43.5% of GDP, indicating that traditional agricultural provinces are developing. The outstanding features of economic development are:

1, the rural economy has developed in an all-round way and the agricultural industrialization has achieved remarkable results.

Henan is a big agricultural province and one of the important commodity grain production bases in China. In 2004, the grain output reached 42.6 million tons, accounting for 9. 1% of the country, ranking first in the country; The newly-increased grain output was 6,965,438 million tons, accounting for 65,438 07.8% of the whole country, which made outstanding contributions to ensuring national food security. At the same time, Henan strives to build a national production and processing base for high-quality special wheat and livestock products, vigorously promote the strategic adjustment of agricultural structure, and comprehensively develop the rural economy. First, grain production has initially formed a pattern of high quality, regionalization and scale. In 2004, the planting area of high-quality special wheat in the province exceeded 23 million mu, accounting for 32% of the total planting area of wheat; The grain output of Nanyang, Shangqiu, Xinyang, Zhoukou and Zhumadian accounts for 56% of the whole province. Second, the area of cash crops such as cotton, oilseeds, tobacco leaves, vegetables, medicinal materials and flowers has expanded. In 2004, the province's cotton output was 670,000 tons, accounting for 10.5% of the whole country. The oil output is 4.09 million tons, accounting for13.4% of the whole country; The output of tobacco leaves is 260,000 tons, accounting for12.1%of the whole country; Are the top three in the country. Third, the development of animal husbandry is particularly rapid, with seven indicators such as output value and added value of animal husbandry ranking first in the country. In 2004, there were 518900 pigs, 6.72 million cows and 39.52 million sheep in the province. The total output of meat is 6.43 million tons, accounting for 8.9% of the country.

In recent years, Henan has vigorously promoted the strategy of agricultural industrialization, focusing on supporting 40 leading enterprises in wheat processing and a number of key enterprises in animal products processing, which not only promoted the deep processing of agricultural and sideline products, extended the industrial chain and increased the added value, but also cultivated a number of leading enterprises in processing, such as lotus gourmet powder, Jinxiang Wheat Industry, Nanyang Tianguan, Luohe Shuanghui, Huaying Meat Duck, Zhengzhou Garland Cattle, Missing and Sanquan, and drove a large number of farmers out of poverty. At present, the processing and transformation capacity of wheat in the province exceeds180,000 tons, and the intensive processing capacity of meat exceeds 2.3 million tons, ranking first in the country. Luohe Shuanghui Group has more than 600 kinds of products, with a market share of 50%, making it the largest meat processing base in China. Huaying Group has more than 200 kinds of meat duck processing products and has become the largest meat duck processing enterprise in Asia. Zhengzhou Huahua Niu has a daily processing capacity of more than 500 tons of fresh milk, ranking among the top dairy processing enterprises in China 10. According to the investigation of relevant departments, at present, more than 30 kinds of superior products, such as ham sausage, monosodium glutamate, quick-frozen food and instant noodles, produced in Henan have market share of 70%, 44%, 46% and 25% respectively.

2. The industrial economy is developing rapidly, and the industrialization process is obviously accelerated.

Henan is a big industrial province, with total industrial added value reaching 386.2 billion yuan, accounting for 43.5% of GDP. Relying on rich mineral resources, Henan has established an industrial system with machinery, electronics, petroleum, chemicals, metallurgy, building materials and coal power as the main body, complete categories and a certain scale. In 2004, the added value of industrial enterprises above designated size was 233.3 billion yuan, the sales revenue was 706.5 billion yuan and the total profit was 37.7 billion yuan. The sales revenue of five enterprises exceeded 65.438+0 billion yuan, and the total profit of 654.38+02 enterprises exceeded 500 million yuan; The output of raw coal, power generation, cement, crude oil and steel ranks fourth, fifth, sixth, ninth and ninth respectively in China. At the same time, Henan starts with strengthening the motive force of economic growth, vigorously promotes the adjustment of industrial structure and vigorously develops the non-public economy. The industrial economy presents a good trend of fast speed, good benefit and continuous optimization of structure. First, implement the project-driven strategy and optimize the investment structure. Tianguan Group's annual output of 300,000 tons of fuel ethanol, Anbo Xinyi Company's annual output of 6 million sets of large-screen color glass shell production lines, Henan Tire's annual output of 2 million sets of all-steel radial tires, Sanmenxia Hubin Group's annual output of 654.38+10,000 tons of concentrated juice and 4,000 sets of construction machinery have been completed and put into operation, which has strongly supported the rapid growth of Henan industry. The second is to deepen enterprise reform and enhance enterprise vitality. A number of large state-owned enterprises such as Yongmei, Anbo, Xuji, Pingmei, Xinfei, Yi Tuo and Zhongyuan Dahua have diversified their property rights by reducing their state-owned shares and introducing strategic investors. These enterprises (groups) have become an important driving force for Henan's industrial growth.

In recent years, according to the requirements of new industrialization, Henan insists on transforming traditional industries with high-tech and advanced applicable technologies, and selectively develops high-tech industries with comparative advantages. Through deepening reform and structural adjustment, a number of brand-name products and enterprise groups with strong competitiveness in domestic and foreign markets have been cultivated. At present, Anyang Color CRT Glass Shell Co., Ltd. ranks first in the country and third in the world, and its sales of color glass shells account for 70% of the country. China No.1 Tractor Construction Machinery Company is the largest agricultural machinery manufacturer in China, and the sales of large tractors account for 40% of the whole country. Pingdingshan Shenma Curtain Fabric Group is the largest curtain fabric manufacturer in China, accounting for 35% of the country. Zhoukou lotus gourmet powder Company ranks first in Asia, and Great Wall Aluminum Company is one of the largest alumina producers in China. In the list of famous brand products in China in 2004, An Cai Glass Shell, Shuanghui Sausage, lotus gourmet powder, Xinfei Refrigerator and Freezer, Jinxing Beer, Yutong Bus, Shaolin Bus and Zhengxing Tank Truck 13 brands were recognized as famous brand products in China.

3. The pace of urbanization is accelerating, and the distribution of productive forces tends to be reasonable.

First, implement the strategy of regional central city and accelerate the construction of the economic uplift zone of the Central Plains urban agglomeration. The Plan Outline of Building a Well-off Society in an All-round Way, which was deliberated and adopted by the Fifth Plenary Session of the Seventh Henan Provincial Party Committee, made a decision to implement the strategy of promoting regional central cities and accelerate the development of the economic uplift zone of the Central Plains urban agglomeration. The economic uplift zone of the Central Plains urban agglomeration is a densely populated area centered on Zhengzhou, including Luoyang, Kaifeng, Xinxiang, Jiaozuo, Xuchang, Pingdingshan, Luohe and Jiyuan. Nine cities account for 35% of Henan's land area, 40% of its population and 56% of its total economic output. On the basis of speeding up the construction of inter-city rapid transportation system, Henan has made every effort to build Zhengzhou-Bianluo urban industrial corridor, and vigorously developed advantageous industries such as power industry, information product manufacturing industry, automobile and equipment manufacturing industry, food, chemistry and new building materials industry, so that cities in the Central Plains urban agglomeration can form an overall competitive advantage in the process of developing their respective industrial advantages, and strive to become the main platform for Henan's opening up and introducing the east to the west, an important national advanced manufacturing base, a regional trade and financial center, a science and education cultural center and a comprehensive center in the central and western regions. In 2004, the Central Plains urban agglomeration with Zhengzhou as the center realized the industrial added value of1452.42 billion yuan, accounting for 62.4% of the added value of industrial enterprises above designated size in the province, up by 24.6% over the previous year, driving the industrial growth of the province by 15.2 percentage points. Among them, Zhengzhou increased by 23.7%, and the contribution rate to the industrial growth of the whole province was16.0%; Luoyang increased by 3 1.8%, and its contribution to the province's industrial growth was 13.7%. Jiaozuo increased by 33.5%, and its contribution to the industrial growth of the whole province was 10. 1%. The second is to give full play to its own foundation and resource advantages and accelerate the construction of urban characteristic economic zones. Anyang, Hebi and Puyang in the north of Henan Province give full play to their rich advantages in oil, gas and coal resources, and gradually build important industrial bases of steel, coal chemical and petrochemical industry, equipment manufacturing and electronic information in Henan Province. Sanmenxia, a city in the west of Henan Province, gives full play to the advantages of rich resources such as minerals and fruits, and gradually builds an important base for coal chemical industry, gold production and processing, aluminum industry and fruit production and processing in Henan Province. Nanyang City, southwest of Henan Province, has given full play to its own basic advantages, and gradually built a production base of Chinese herbal medicines, a textile base and an industrial belt focusing on the development and utilization of nonmetallic minerals and the processing of agricultural and sideline products. Zhumadian, Shangqiu, Zhoukou and Xinyang in Huanghuai area give full play to the advantages of rich agricultural products resources, focus on the intensive processing of agricultural products, vigorously develop industries such as food, textile and medicine, and gradually build green agricultural products processing and export bases and production and processing bases for pigs, beef cattle, mutton sheep and oilseeds.

4. A breakthrough was made in introducing the East into the West, and the level of opening to the outside world was comprehensively improved.

Henan actively responded to the new situation of joining the WTO, conscientiously implemented the opening-up strategy, and initially formed an all-round, multi-level and wide-ranging opening-up pattern. First, vigorously implement the strategy of "introducing from the east to the west", gradually deepen the economic and trade cooperation between Henan, Guangdong, Henan and Shanghai, and constantly strengthen Industry-University-Research cooperation with famous domestic universities and research institutes such as Peking University, Tsinghua University and Chinese Academy of Sciences. Facing the west, a series of economic and trade exhibition activities such as Lanzhou Fair, Urumqi Fair and Guangxi Investment Fair were successfully held to expand the market share of Henan products in the western region. Some advantageous enterprises began to implement enterprise mergers and acquisitions or set up factories in the western region. Second, vigorously implement the policy of encouraging exports, and foreign trade exports have grown at a high speed. In 2004, the total export volume of the province reached US$ 41.70 billion, an increase of 40. 1% over the previous year. The structure of export commodities is more optimized. In 2004, the export of primary products accounted for 10.5%, down 2.4 percentage points from the previous year. Exports of manufactured goods accounted for 89.2%, an increase of 2. 1 percentage point over the previous year. Mechanical and electrical products and high-tech products are becoming new export growth points. The export commodity markets are diversified, with exports to six traditional countries (regions) such as the United States, Hong Kong, the European Union, South Korea, Japan and ASEAN increasing by only 39.2%, while emerging export commodity markets are growing strongly, with exports to Singapore increasing by 144.4%, Canada by 98.2%, the Netherlands by 80.8% and Mexico by 5/kloc-0. Third, vigorously implement all-round and multi-channel investment promotion policies, and the scale and quality of foreign capital utilization have been significantly improved. In 2004, the province approved 478 foreign-invested enterprises, an increase of 48.0% over the previous year. The contracted foreign investment amounted to US$ 2.054 billion, an increase of 62.9% over the previous year; The actual utilization of foreign direct investment was US$ 874 million, an increase of 36.7% over the previous year. Twenty-four Fortune 500 multinational companies, including Hitachi, Toshiba, Philips, Matt of Puls, Lyon Water and MAN of Germany, have successively settled in the Central Plains. Fourth, continue to implement the "going out" strategy, and foreign economic and technological cooperation has grown rapidly. In 2004, the newly signed contracts for project contracting, labor service cooperation and design consultation in the province amounted to 507 million US dollars, an increase of 45.5% over the previous year. The turnover was $27 1 billion, an increase of 40. 1% over the previous year. Some enterprises have also begun to actively participate in international market competition through strategic cooperation and OEM. More than 50 Henan enterprises have gone abroad to set up branches or invest in factories abroad.

Third, some enlightenment.

In the process of analyzing Henan's economic development, we can see that many practices of accelerating Henan's economic development can be used for reference by our province, and at least there are the following inspirations:

1. Focus on developing Changjiu Industrial Corridor to create a growth pole in regional economic competition. In recent years, Henan has proposed to build the Central Plains urban agglomeration (with Zhengzhou as the center, Luoyang as the sub-center, and Kaifeng, Xinxiang, Jiaozuo, Xuchang, Pingdingshan, Luohe and Jiyuan as the nodes). With an area of 59,000 square kilometers and a population of 38 million, GDP accounts for about 56% of the province. ), the implementation of the strategy of the rise of the Central Plains has had a positive impact and role in building Henan's regional economic growth pole, enhancing its competitiveness in undertaking industrial transfer in the east and even in the world, and improving its position and role in the strategy of the rise of central China. On the basis of giving full play to Nanchang's comprehensive advantages and Jiujiang's advantages along the Yangtze River, the strategy of "Changjiu Industrial Corridor" implemented in our province is conducive to the formation of a large cross-industry layout internally, and it can be better integrated into the Yangtze River Delta and globalization by participating in the development along the Yangtze River externally. At present, we should focus on the construction of Changjiu Industrial Corridor, speed up the docking of Changsha, Zhuhai and Fujian, integrate into the process of globalization, and promote the rise of Jiangxi in the central region.

2. Take agricultural industrialization as the starting point to improve the efficiency and stamina of agricultural growth. Industrialization is the key to Henan's transformation from a big agricultural province to a strong agricultural province. In the initial stage of Sanquan, Missing, Shuanghui and other food enterprises, Henan's rich agricultural products resources provide conditions for their development. Now, these growing food processing enterprises have become the leading force in Henan's agricultural growth and structural adjustment. As a province with a large proportion of agricultural output value and agricultural population, Jiangxi lacks food processing enterprises with sales income exceeding 654.38+0 billion yuan like Henan. It is necessary to establish the concept that supporting leading enterprises in agricultural industrialization means supporting agriculture and farmers, and carefully select and support agricultural industrialization projects with international and domestic comparative advantages and strong radiation driving force in the province.

3. Take the development of manufacturing industry as the main line and form a unique urban industrial support system.

Cities in Henan have distinctive industrial characteristics and strong complementarity. Zhengzhou is the intersection of the north-south east-west passage, with good comprehensive advantages; Luoyang is the manufacturing base of China; Kaifeng is a famous historical city; Xuchang has advantageous industries such as power equipment, tobacco and diamonds. Luohe is famous for its food, textile and paper making. Pingdingshan is good at pillar industries such as coal, machinery and electric power; Textile, electronics and electrical appliances in Xinxiang; Jiaozuo's chemical industry, energy industry and auto parts; Jiyuan's electricity, aluminum industry, etc. It constitutes a relatively complete and developed industrial system in Henan.

Nanchang should upgrade the status of manufacturing industry; Jiujiang should actively develop heavy chemical industry; Xinyu, Pingxiang and yingtan should make the existing ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgical bases bigger and stronger; Shangrao, Ganzhou and Fuzhou should take advantage of their location and actively undertake the transfer of manufacturing industry; Yichun and Ji 'an should adjust measures to local conditions and make use of various favorable factors to develop processing and manufacturing industries; Jingdezhen should revive the glory of ceramic industrialization and accelerate the development of automobile, aviation, compressor and other manufacturing industries. It needs to be strengthened from three aspects: first, accelerate the pace of restructuring and transformation of the state-owned economy and achieve the goal of becoming stronger and bigger quickly. In some important areas, we should change passive reform into active reform, speed up the reform process, promote the market-oriented mechanism of selecting and employing people, implement more effective incentive and restraint mechanisms, and enhance the vitality of enterprise development. Second, actively undertake the gradient transfer of eastern industries with a more open attitude. Third, from the national interests, strive for more infrastructure and basic industries for Jiangxi.

4, to build a technological innovation system as the driving force to improve the core competitiveness of enterprises. Shuanghui uses advanced technology to create the image of "reassuring meat", win the hearts of the people and win the market. Last year, the sales revenue was 654.38+0.4 billion yuan. The glass shell production scale of An Cai Group, which is leading in technology, ranks first in the world, with a domestic market share of 46%, and one third of its products are exported. Last year, the company achieved sales revenue of 7.8 billion yuan. Technological innovation is the foundation and guarantee of enterprise development. Our province should focus on supporting the establishment of technological innovation system with enterprise technology center as the main form, transformation system of scientific and technological achievements with Industry-University-Research United as the link, and intermediary system serving technological innovation of small and medium-sized enterprises. Concentrate on making major breakthroughs in optoelectronics, proprietary Chinese medicines and digital display industries, forming a number of core technologies with independent knowledge industries, cultivating a number of enterprises and products with core competitiveness, enhancing the competitiveness of six pillar industries and developing a number of leading industries.