What is the fundamental idea of Confucian governance?

The fundamental meaning of Confucian "rule by courtesy" is "difference", that is, dignity, inferiority and age all have their own special codes of conduct. Only when aristocrats, young and old, old and young, and relatives and friends have their own rituals can we realize the ideal society of Jun Jun, minister, father, son, brother, brother, husband and wife in the eyes of Confucianism. The governance of a country depends on the stability of hierarchical order. Confucian "ceremony" is also a form of law. It takes the maintenance of patriarchal hierarchy as its core, and it will be punished by "punishment" if it violates the norms of "ceremony"

Two: "rule by virtue" doctrine

The Confucian theory of "ruling by virtue" is to advocate moral edification and education. Confucianism believes that no matter whether human nature is good or evil, people can be influenced and educated by morality. This kind of education is a psychological change, which makes people feel good and ashamed but not evil. This is the most thorough, fundamental and positive way, which is beyond the reach of legal sanctions.

Three: the principle of "rule by man"

The Confucian theory of "rule by man" is an idea that attaches importance to the particularity of man, his possible moral development and his sympathy, and manages his rule as a changeable "man" with complex choice initiative and ethics. From this perspective, "rule by virtue" is closely related to "rule by man". "Rule by virtue" emphasizes the process of enlightenment, while "rule by man" emphasizes the moralist himself, which is a kind of saint politics. Because Confucianism believes that "personality" has great appeal, on this basis, it has developed into extreme "rule of man" doctrine such as "governing the people for politics" and "governing the people cannot". [8]

Summary: Confucius regards "benevolence" as the highest moral principle, moral standard and moral realm. He was the first to integrate the whole moral standard and formed an ethical thought structure with "benevolence" as the core, including filial piety (righteousness), honesty (faith), brother (loyalty), wisdom (knowledge), loyalty, courtesy, courage, forgiveness, sincerity, softness, courtesy, tolerance, kindness, shame and concession. Filial piety is the foundation of benevolence and one of the basic pillars of benevolence's ideological system.