Life which use refrigeration technology

We know that all biological processes are affected by temperature, low temperature inhibits the proliferation of fermentation and mold in food, and the human body is also very sensitive to temperature. In modern society, refrigeration technology has penetrated into almost every field of production technology, scientific research, and play a huge role in improving the quality of human life. Life, refrigeration is widely used in food cold processing, cold storage, refrigerated transport, air conditioning, sports, manufacturing artificial ice field, etc.; industrial production, the production environment to provide the necessary constant temperature and humidity environment, low-temperature treatment of materials, the use of low-temperature parts with the interference, etc.; agriculture and animal husbandry, low-temperature treatment of crops, seeds, etc.; construction engineering, the use of refrigeration to realize the freezing soil mining Earth; modern medicine is also inseparable from the refrigeration, deep cryogenic freezing of bone marrow and peripheral blood stem cells, cryogenic anesthesia in surgery, etc.; refrigeration technology is also in the cutting-edge scientific fields such as microelectronics technology, new materials, cosmic development, biotechnology research and development plays a pivotal role. It can be said that modern technological progress is accompanied by the development of refrigeration technology.

Technology is the labor skills, techniques, experience and knowledge developed in the course of human history, which includes the hardware and software of human technical activities, and is the sum of human activities to transform nature and create artificial natural methods and means. Theoretically technology belongs to the practical field of social material wealth and creation of material wealth, and is the physical form of labor skills, production experience and scientific knowledge. The use of tools makes an essential change in the relationship between man and nature, and they determine the structure of human production and the way of development. Technology is an important part of the productive forces of society, and technological progress has led to the development of mankind. Since the industrial age, science and technology have created a highly developed material civilization. The rise of the new scientific and technological revolution has led to the development of the tools of production from electrification to automation and intelligence, greatly expanding the scope of the objects of labor and greatly improving the cultural and technical level of workers. Technological progress has provided great convenience to human production and life, profoundly changing the face of humanity and people's way of life. As modern people, living in a space with four seasons like spring, cold food and summer flavor, is no longer a dream, developed communication, etc., so that the distance is no longer an obstacle to communication, in this case, the earth has become a "chicken and dogs hear each other" of the global village. This is the embodiment of science and technology into human life. Among them, the development of refrigeration technology is particularly important to the impact of mankind.

2 Refrigeration technology and its negative effects

2.1 Technology and human

In the interaction between man and nature and society, man is in a dominant position, man is subject to nature and society, and at the same time give nature and society to influence. The influence of human beings on nature is basically manifested in two aspects: on the one hand, it exerts a positive and constructive influence on nature, rationally utilizes natural conditions and creates new artificial nature or artificial ecosystems that are more suitable for human beings to live in; on the other hand, technology also exerts a negative and destructive influence on nature, which disorders the original "balance of nature". On the other hand, technology also has a negative and destructive impact on nature, causing the original "balance of nature" to go out of balance. The survival and development of human society is based on the support and limitation of human activities by natural systems. The subject of technological activities is human beings, the object is nature and society, technology has a clear practical purpose, it is the intermediary of human beings to carry out production, cultural and social activities, and as an intermediary, technological activities will inevitably lead to "positive and negative" double consequences. As early as two centuries ago, the philosopher Engels once warned us that "we should not revel too much in our victories over nature. For every such victory, nature retaliates against us. In each case, the first step did achieve the result we expected, but in the second and third steps it had an entirely different and unexpected effect, often canceling out the first result." As the process of industrialization, urbanization and modernization advances, human activities have increasingly altered and damaged the ecological environment, ultimately leading to the deterioration of the global ecological environment.The 20th century was an era of rapid technological development, but the technological revolution of the 20th century did not solve the social contradictions pointed out by Marx and Engels, but also created a number of prominent new social contradictions and such as population, ecological environment, resources and energy, wealth disparity and other social problems.

2.2 Development and Harm of Refrigeration Technology

The refrigeration technology that has brought great convenience to human production and life is also the same, which has brought great disasters to the natural environment that human beings depend on for survival while benefiting human beings. From a historical point of view, the first stage of the development of refrigeration technology (from 1830 to 1930): the main take NH3, HCS, CO2, air, etc. as refrigerants, some of these refrigerants are toxic, some combustible, some very low efficiency, the use of a hundred years, when the emergence of the CFCS and HCFCS refrigerants (i.e., Freon), out of safety considerations, the moment to realize the A major first turnaround was made and the second stage of refrigeration technology development (from 1930 to 1990) was entered, using mainly Freon as the refrigerant. After 60 years of use, it was found that these refrigerants were destroying the ozone layer. As we all know, the "ozone layer" of the earth's atmosphere is like a filter, an umbrella, blocking the harmful part of solar radiation outside the atmosphere. In fact, it can be said that the formation of the ozone layer is the reason for the survival, continuation and development of life on earth, and the ozone layer is the "umbrella" of the surface biological system. The ozone layer is the "umbrella" for surface biological systems. However, in recent years, the destruction of the ozone layer has been increasing. According to the latest survey by the World Meteorological Organization, the "ozone hole" over the Antarctic has reached 21 million square kilometers, an area larger than two China. Ozone depletion over some areas of the equator has reached more than 20%. Parts of northern Europe even experienced a 40% reduction in ozone last summer. The ozone over the Tibetan Plateau, known as the world's "third pole", has been decreasing at a rate of 2.7% per decade in recent years, making it the third ozone hole in the atmosphere. The decrease in the ozone content of the ozone layer is equivalent to opening a skylight over the Earth, allowing a large amount of ultraviolet rays to reach the surface unimpeded. The result will be serious damage to the basic structure of plants and animals, a reduction in biological production, leading to climate and ecological anomalies and, above all, significant damage to human health. If the ozone layer once disappeared, the ecological environment of the earth will return to that of 450 million years ago, and ten million species of land organisms, including human beings, will face extinction. Some people even believe that when the amount of ozone in the ozone layer is reduced to 1/5 of the normal amount, it will be the tipping point of the death of earth organisms. What are the causes of the ozone hole? Scientific studies have shown that some chemical substances such as bromochlorofluorocarbons (BCFs) discharged into the atmosphere by human activities enter the ozone layer and react chemically with ozone, leading to ozone depletion, which is directly related to the development of refrigeration technology. Since the 1930s of this century, a series of these Freon refrigerants adapted to different operating temperature ranges have virtually taken the refrigeration field by storm, greatly contributing to the development of refrigeration and air-conditioning technology. It is estimated that one chlorine atom can destroy 104 to 105 ozone molecules. And bromine atoms are 30 to 60 times more capable of destroying it than chlorine atoms. Moreover, chlorine atoms and bromine atoms also exist synergistically that is, when both exist at the same time, the ability to destroy ozone is greater than the simple addition of the two. In other words, Freon, which is widely used in refrigerators and air-conditioners, is the main culprit of the "ozone hole". The development of refrigeration technology at this stage demonstrates that while technology enhances human capabilities, it also changes human nature and destroys the living environment. Refrigeration technology, like smelting, chemical and other technologies, at the same time play a dual role in benefiting mankind and destroying the human environment.

2.3 Negative effects of technological development

Contemporary technological revolution is forming a new type of productive forces, forming a new type of production, forming a new type of market exchange, forming a new industrial structure and employment institutions, forming a new way of possession of property and hierarchical structure, the formation of a new type of power and organizational and management structure, the positive and negative effects of the technology is objectively inevitable. Human beings have the thinking, spirit and language that all other creatures do not have, and human beings have created a rich material civilization by using their intelligence and wisdom, and human beings must also respond to the negative effects of technology. Hollander, an American postmodernist scholar, pointed out, "The modern dream has gone around in a strange circle. In this circle, modern scientific progress, which was intended to liberate itself, has dangerously lost its roots in the earth, in human society, in its traditions, and, more importantly, in the mysticism of religion. Its energy shifted from creation to destruction. The myth of progress has led to unintended and undesirable consequences." Although the development of science and technology is indispensable and useful in solving "global problems" and the dilemmas of contemporary human development, we should also be aware of the side effects of scientific and technological development and the possible limits of science and technology in solving "global problems". The limitations of science and technology in solving "global problems".

3 Control of the negative effects of refrigeration technology

It is impossible to completely eliminate the negative effects of science and technology, the only thing we can do is to try to avoid and inhibit their negative effects in scientific and technological activities. The destruction of the ozone layer and global climate change are the major environmental problems facing the world today. When scientists' research convincingly revealed that Freon, which is widely used in refrigeration technology, had already caused serious depletion of the ozone layer, the "mending of the sky" action was very rapid. 1985, 11 years after Monlina and Rowland proposed the mechanism of atomic ozone depletion, that is, the year of the discovery of the Antarctic ozone hole, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) initiated the adoption of a law on the protection of the ozone layer, which was passed by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) initiated the adoption of the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, which for the first time globally established a series of principles and guidelines for the control of ozone layer depletion; and in 1987, the Montreal Protocol, an important and historic document for the protection of the atmospheric ozone layer, was adopted. In this Protocol, the types of controlled substances and phase-out schedules for the protection of the ozone layer were stipulated. It called for a global halving of Freon by the year 2000 and established control measures for the production, consumption, import and export of Freon-based substances. As further scientific studies showed that the depletion of the atmospheric ozone layer had become more serious, the London Amendment to the Montreal Protocol was adopted in 1990, and the Copenhagen Amendment was adopted in 1992, in which the list of controlled substances was again expanded. The schedule for complete phase-out has been advanced again and again. Our country will also phase out Freon F11 in 2010, but even with all these efforts to make up for the "ozone hole" in the sky above us, it is expected that the concentration of chlorine atoms in the stratosphere will not be reduced to below the critical level until around 2050 by adopting the Copenhagen Amendment, due to the difficulty of removing ozone-depleting substances from the atmosphere. By that time, the "ozone hole" above us is expected to begin to recover. It is clear from this that technology is a double-edged sword. Human beings are gradually realizing that the value of technology lies not only in whether it is practical and what kind of economic benefits it brings, but also in the magnitude of its negative effects. However, is it because of the negative effects of technological progress that mankind must deny it and degenerate into primitive and ancient production and life? Shouldn't we just go back to the era of storing food as described in "The Book of Songs: The Winds of Yu" in July "...... two of the day chiseling ice rushes, three of the day to the yin ling ......"? This kind of negative avoidance of the world's point of view is obviously not in line with the nature of human exploration and the law of development. In fact, when the second stage of the development of refrigeration technology with the work material is included in the phase-out schedule, refrigeration technology has entered the third stage of development (from 1990 to the present), into the HFCS refrigerant-based period, and is stepping up green, energy efficient, reduce emissions of a new generation of alternative work material development and the practical process of research. Humans should not only be able to use nature with the help of technical means to utilize nature, dominate nature, transform and control nature, and at the same time should also be able to comply with nature through technical activities, coordinate with nature, and reduce or avoid the destruction of the natural world.

4 Conclusion

Human use of technical means of use and transformation of nature, is bound to change the original balance of nature, the problem is that human beings should correctly understand the positive and negative effects of their activities on nature, to provide the adaptation of the laws of nature, scientific foresight, can be adjusted to the human behavior, so that the consequences of the relationship between human beings and nature is conducive to the coordination of the relationship between human beings and nature, so that the natural world to better benefit mankind. Marxism believes in the power of technology and in the ability of human beings to rely on science and technology to overcome all kinds of difficulties and get out of their predicament. The ability of human beings to seek development is infinite. However, the exertion and development of the power of science and technology has to be carried out in a certain mode of production, which is subject to the influence and constraints of the economic and social systems. Therefore, the development of contemporary science and technology must follow the purpose of the unified "science of man" mentioned by Marx in order to truly overcome the negative effects of technological development, and only in this way can we give full play to the positive effects of technological development. The development of refrigeration technology and the protection of the ozone layer is a very typical example of technological progress and global cooperation in recent history, and its technological progress and the cooperative mechanism for controlling the consequences of technological progress will become the wealth of mankind, and will provide valuable lessons for solving other major problems.

References [1] Zhao Jinglai, An Overview of Research on Frontier Issues in Philosophy in the 1990s, Tianjin Academy of Social Sciences Press, September 2002, first edition, 38 pages.

[2] Wang Bing Dai Zhengnong, A Tutorial on Natural Discriminatory Law, Southeast University Press.

[3] Chen Guobang: The Latest Cryogenic Refrigeration Technology, Machinery Industry Press, 2003 edition.