What's this hat for? What are the characteristics and significance of the hats of kings and ministers in different dynasties?

What is the function of a hat? What are the characteristics and significance of the hats of kings and ministers in different dynasties? The editor brought a detailed article for your reference.

As the saying goes, indomitable spirit starts from scratch. China has a "big head" phenomenon since ancient times, which is also reflected in clothing. As an object that wraps the head, the hat has evolved into many different styles and functions under the concern of the ancients. As two important groups of monarchs and officials in the power field of ancient feudal dynasties, their hat function is not only warm and beautiful, but also the external expression of their status and rank, which highlights their powerful and distinctive political functions.

There are many styles of hats in ancient times, which are no different from today's. I won't list them one by one. This paper will briefly analyze the hats, crowns and heads commonly used by monarch and ministers in the Wang Dynasty.

Let's look at the crowns of feudal monarchs and ministers first.

A unified monarchy was established in Qin and Han dynasties, so there was no unified monarchy in this period. Judging from the crowns worn by monarchs and ministers, this is very complicated.

Some of the crowns used in this period were worn by the kings of the six countries before the reunification of Qin, such as the French crown used by the king of Chu and the military crown used by the king of Zhao. Qin Shihuang handed over the crowns used by these kings to the ministers, which was undoubtedly a means to show his supreme sovereignty.

In addition to inheritance, there is innovation.

Qin created the celestial crown according to the mountain crown worn by the former king of Qin. Tiantong Crown was the main crown used by emperors in Qin and Han Dynasties, but emperors occasionally wore Dai Gaoshan Crown.

Tiantongguan

In Qin and Han dynasties, the characteristics of crown clothing were "arranged according to grades". The status of officials can be seen from the crowns they wear, such as Chinese and foreign officials, spectators, servants Dai Gaoshan, civil servant Ignace kogler, military attache Dai Wu, law enforcer Dai Fa and bodyguard Fan Kuai. Although the style is complex and not uniform, the crown worn by the minister can directly show his occupation. At the same time, it can be found from the above that the mountain crown is a kind of crown clothing that both the monarch and the minister can wear.

During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the crown of Qin and Han Dynasties basically came down. In addition, the crown service was changed from "grading by job" to "grading by product". According to the rank of officials, the number of beams used by civil servants is divided into three grades. There are three beams at the first and second levels, two beams at the third and fourth levels, and one beam at the fifth and ninth levels. At this time, there are only three levels of officials, which are not detailed enough.

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Sui and Tang Dynasties were similar to Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. Civil servants are still divided into three grades according to the number of beams, and the range of grades is only slightly changed. The rank of military attache also began to appear.

In the Song Dynasty, the emperor was still crowned as heaven. As for ministers, due to the special official system in the Song Dynasty, the official position is not commensurate with the official rank. So in the Song Dynasty, on the basis of learning "step by step", it was changed to "step by step", and the number of people worshipped by Liang was divided into seven grades.

In the Ming Dynasty, the title of emperor was changed to Guan Liang. When officials use this crown on official uniforms, they are still "graded according to grades." According to the number of beams on the crown, different grades are divided. The first stage has seven beams, the second stage has six beams, and so on. The sixth or seventh stage has two beams, and the eighth or ninth stage has one beam.

Let's take a look at another common hat between the monarch and his subjects-the head of the scroll.

Wotou, also known as folding towel, originated in the Northern Zhou Dynasty. "When I first wore a long crown, I used soap yarn, and I used hairpins instead of tassels." . Made of black gauze, there is a hairpin with a bunch of hair on it, but there is no tassel to guide it. This is the prototype of the helmet.

In the Sui Dynasty, this kind of headdress became a common costume for emperors and officials in the Sui Dynasty.

In the Tang Dynasty, the shape of headdress changed, which had a great influence on later generations. The first helmet has two straps tied to the back of the head, which is called "soft le"

The emperors and ministers of the Song Dynasty wore the heads of the Boxer Rebellion, also known as the "War Horn". It is said that the head of the exhibition corner was created by Song Taizu to prevent officials from whispering and maintain court order. Sometimes the emperor wears an upturned head.

The heads used in the official uniforms of monarchs and their ministers in the Yuan Dynasty are those with gauze horns, which are similar in shape to those in the Song Dynasty. Officials in the Yuan Dynasty took the scroll head, which was exactly the same shape as the horn head in the Song Dynasty.

The Ming dynasty also improved the headdress made of black gauze, but the crown system used by monarchs and ministers was different. Under the rule of the emperor and the crown prince, the crown of * * * was put on wings. Ordinary clothes call them black hats.

Wings are good at coronation.

In the Qing Dynasty, due to the particularity of ethnic minorities, "Henaan Top Hat" replaced the head hat and became the hat used by the monarch and his subjects. Although the appearance has changed, it still inherits the official functions of the monarch, so we can also regard it as the "monarch" of the Qing Dynasty, or a combination of monarch and imperial power.

The top hat in Qing Dynasty consists of top hat and Henaan. Top hats are graded according to the decorations on the crown, while Henaan is graded according to the number of eyes of peacock feathers. However, not everyone can use Henaan. Users are mainly martial arts. Henaan has eyes. There is one eye, two eyes and three eyes at the top. Most eyes are expensive.

Put a feather in it.

In fact, most officials in the Qing Dynasty were not allowed to wear strange clothes, so the civil and military officials in the Qing Dynasty were mainly divided according to the decoration on the crown and the material of the seats, and the seats were also "graded according to quality". However, my grades improved and I got Grade 9.

Data Source of Official List of Qing Dynasty "Draft of Qing History"

Looking at the top hats in the Qing Dynasty, we can see that the top hats of feudal monarchs and their subjects in China developed to the Qing Dynasty, and the standards and grades were very complete.

As can be seen from the crowns and hair of feudal emperors and officials mentioned above, hats have strong and distinct political functions, highlighting their status and rank.

Summary method can be divided into two characteristics: "the monarch and the minister are connected" and "the monarch and the minister follow each other".

"The relationship between monarch and minister" means that the hat of monarch and minister is the same shape as the hat approved by the group. For example, during the Qin and Han Dynasties, the monarch and his subjects wore the crown of Dai Gaoshan. From the Northern Zhou Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty, monarchs and subjects wore headscarves, and monarchs and subjects in the Qing Dynasty wore hualing hats. There are fewer and fewer kinds of hats, and they are more and more unified.

"Respect each other as guests" refers to the difference in style and grade between the hats of kings and ministers. For example, since the Qin and Han Dynasties, Tiantong crown has become the only crown of the emperor, and the development of the head has evolved from the development of the original emperor and officials to the difference between the unique wing crown of the emperor and the black hat of the Ming Dynasty ministers. In the Qing Dynasty, the feathers of top hat flowers depended on decoration, and there was a strict difference between emperors and ministers.

Ming officials in black hats

In terms of rank change, the "job title" has always been the standard since Qin and Han Dynasties. Different positions have different crowns. After the Northern Dynasties, it began to be graded according to grades. The function of post grading is gradually weakened, and the function of grading is gradually strengthened. At the same time, according to the classification of dental crowns, from the third branch in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties, to the seventh branch in Song and Ming Dynasties, and then to the ninth branch in Qing Dynasty, it became more and more detailed.

Conclusion: Looking at the history of the development of hats of emperors and generals in China, hats are no longer simple hats, but the embodiment of political order. With the change of dynasties and the progress of society, the hat shapes of monarch and minister tend to be more and more unified. This is the embodiment of the requirement of autocratic centralization for unified ruling order. This "relationship between monarch and minister" laid the foundation for the political function of "monarch is higher than minister".