What is the material and ideological basis of China's family planning policy?

Family Planning-Policy Interpretation China's family planning policy includes birth policy,

family planning

Contraception and birth control policy, reward and preferential treatment policy and restriction and punishment policy, among which birth policy is the core of the whole family planning policy.

The Constitution of China clearly stipulates: "The state promotes family planning, so that population growth can be adapted to the economic and social development plan." The Constitution also stipulates: "Both husband and wife have the obligation to carry out family planning." The Marriage Law establishes family planning as a basic principle in the general provisions. Generally speaking, family planning refers to the planned adjustment of population growth rate to adapt to the level of economic development.

1. For a country or region, family planning refers to the planned adjustment of population development in China or the whole region, so that population growth can adapt to social and economic development. For a family or a couple of childbearing age, family planning is to meet the requirements of the family and society.

2. When the population growth rate exceeds the speed of social and economic development, the family planning policy should be adopted to reduce the population growth rate. Advocate a couple to have only one child, advocate late marriage and late childbirth, good birth and excellent child care, reduce the number of births and improve the quality of the population.

According to the national conditions of China, family planning should not only control the population, but also improve the quality of the population. Improving the quality of the population, such as ideological quality, physical quality and cultural quality, is the requirement of family planning at a higher level. In order to improve the quality of China population, the following measures should be taken: controlling the population; Actively advocate eugenics; Attach great importance to and vigorously develop education; Further improve medical and health conditions, develop collective welfare, and ensure the health of women and children. At the same time, strengthen publicity and education on eugenics, health, marriage and childbearing and sexual knowledge of teenagers.

Edit this paragraph back to the directory Family planning related laws and regulations Since the early 1970s, the China government has been vigorously promoting family planning;

family planning

Since 1978, family planning has become a basic national policy in China. /10 2007 On June 28th, 2007, the revised Energy Conservation Law defined resource conservation as a basic national policy. Family planning is no longer the basic national policy of China.

Article 25 of the Constitution stipulates: "The state promotes family planning to adapt population growth to economic and social development plans." Article 49 of the Constitution stipulates: "Both husband and wife have the obligation to carry out family planning." The Marriage Law also stipulates that both husband and wife have the obligation to carry out family planning.

Birth policy: A couple should have one child. Under any of the following special circumstances, both husband and wife shall apply at the same time, and with the approval of the family planning administrative department at the county level (including county-level cities and districts, the same below), they may have another child according to the population plan and interval arrangement:

(a) by the city (excluding county-level cities) above the disabled children's medical appraisal organization identification, the only child suffering from non-hereditary disability can not grow into a normal labor force;

(two) remarried couples, one party has given birth to a child, and the other party has not given birth; Or before remarriage, both parties gave birth to a child, and at the time of divorce, the subsequent spouse of the child has been determined according to law or the divorce agreement, and the newly formed family has no children;

(three) more than five years after marriage, the medical and health institutions at or above the county level identified infertility, and adopted a child in accordance with the law after pregnancy;

(4) The only son marries the only daughter;

(five) one of the spouses has worked in an underground mine or deep sea for more than five years and is still engaged in this work;

(6) Both husband and wife belong to the agricultural population, and the first child is a girl.

Edit this paragraph back to the catalogue of family planning-the source of policy. In the Principles of Demography published by British pastor thomas robert malthus 1798,

family planning

The earliest prediction: population growth exceeds food supply, which will lead to a decrease in per capita food. It is believed that only natural causes (accidents and aging), disasters (wars, plagues and various famines), moral restrictions and sins (Malthus refers to infanticide, murder, birth control and homosexuality) can limit the excessive population growth. He tends to control population growth with moral restrictions (including late marriage and abstinence).

1949 ~ 196 1 year. In July, Ma Yinchu published "The New Population Theory" in People's Daily 1957, and put forward the birth control policy. At that time, China did not have a clear birth policy, but because the government strictly restricted abortion and other regulations, experts believed that it was actually implementing a birth policy to encourage population growth.

1962~ 1969. Some cities and counties have put forward and tried out family planning policies. 196212 In mid-February, the Central Committee and the State Council issued instructions on seriously advocating family planning. A year later, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council made it clear that they strongly advocated late marriage. And revised the provisions that are not conducive to family planning. Family Planning Commission was established in the State Council from 65438 to 0964. The actual work of family planning is carried out in cities, and about one-fifth of the counties in rural areas have carried out family planning work to varying degrees.

1970~ 1980. The family planning policy has been gradually formed and fully implemented. The family planning policy began at 1970. The population plan has been formally incorporated into the national economic development plan. 1973 clarified the policy of "late, rare and few". After gradual development, the policy clearly requires a couple to have the best number of children. At most two, with a birth interval of more than 3 years.

1980 ~ 1984. The family planning policy was further tightened. 1September, 980, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council proposed that a couple should be encouraged to have only one child. In this case, the family planning policy was once tightened. The local government finally regarded "advocacy" as a "political task". Basically, only one child is allowed. This has formed a major contrast between the national fertility policy and the individual fertility needs of families. 1982 regards family planning as a basic national policy.

1984- Now. The family planning policy has been adjusted and stabilized. The conditions for having a second child have been relaxed in rural areas. Moreover, all provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions have successively formulated their own family planning regulations, realized differentiated and diversified family planning policies, and eased the contradiction of family planning. On the basis of the stability of the mainstream, this policy has continuously carried out various pilot services, such as the reward and assistance system, the poverty alleviation project of "having fewer children and getting rich quickly", the action of caring for girls, and the activity of "marriage and childbirth".

Liu Yongfu, vice minister of the Ministry of Labor and Social Security, said in September 2004 that compared with western countries, China's industrialization has not been completed yet, and the aging has come ahead of schedule, with a large scale and fast speed. It is "getting old before getting rich". It took 80 years for Britain and other developed countries to transform from an adult society to an elderly society. During the same period, the per capita GDP ranged from $5,000 to $65,438+$00,000. It took only about 20 years for China to complete this transformation, and its per capita GDP was only about 1 000 USD. (The above is taken from New Century, June 65438+1October 265438+1October 2004)

Edit this paragraph back to the catalogue: Family Planning-Second Child Policy During the China People's Congress in 2005,

family planning

In response to the question of whether the second child policy concerned by the society can be loosened, Li Honggui, vice president of China Family Planning Association and China Population Society, revealed that China will continue to stabilize the basic national policy of family planning, but the state has delegated the right to have a second child to the provincial and municipal people's congresses. Li Honggui, a representative of China People's Congress of Henan delegation, said in an interview at the Great Hall of the People that at present, some provinces and cities such as Shanghai have introduced regulations that allow families with only children to have a second child. The negative population growth in Shanghai 10 year is mainly due to the implementation of the national policy of family planning and social and economic reasons. According to him, the proportion of only children and only daughters in Shanghai who have a second child after marriage is about 20%-30%.

In May 2006, Zhang Weiqing, director of the State Family Planning Commission, said in an interview that the current policy is not the "one-child policy". He said that China's birth policy is not a "one-child" policy. In cities, both men and women are only children and can have two children; In rural areas, most provinces stipulate that a girl can have another child; Yunnan, Qinghai, Ningxia, Xinjiang, Hainan and other provinces (regions) stipulate that farmers can have two children; Tibetan farmers and herdsmen have no restrictions on the number of births. Therefore, the CPC Central Committee clearly pointed out that the current birth policy must be stabilized during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period. In view of some people's suggestion that adjusting the birth policy and implementing "one prize, two releases and three prohibitions" can effectively solve the problem of the rising sex ratio of the birth population, Zhang Weiqing said that the main reason for the rising sex ratio of China's population is the deep-rooted traditional concept of preference for sons over daughters, and the social security system, especially the old-age security system, is not perfect. Does the rising sex ratio at birth have anything to do with the birth policy? There is a certain relationship, but there is no necessary connection. South Korea, India and Taiwan Province Province of China all have the problem of rising sex ratio at birth, but there is no strict birth policy. Therefore, adjusting the birth policy now cannot fundamentally solve the problem of the rising sex ratio of the birth population.

In September 2006, Li Yunli, deputy secretary and deputy director of the Party Committee of Beijing Population and Family Planning Commission, talked about the population structure when communicating with netizens. Li Yunli said that the government has taken into account the country's population structure and age structure, and implemented the policy that both husband and wife are only children and can have a second child. This is a transition of population resources. "As we all know, the only-child generation in Beijing is mostly in the 1980s, and their generation can have two children. I hope that people who meet this condition can have a second child, which is good for solving the labor force and aging problem in Beijing in the future. " She also said that the current family planning policy will not change much.

In March 2008, spokesperson Wu Jianmin attended the first press conference of the first session of the 11th CPPCC National Committee and answered questions from reporters. When answering a reporter's question about China's one-child policy, he said that China had no choice but to choose such a policy according to the situation at that time. This policy has made great achievements in China. From 1970s to the end of last century, about 300-400 million people were born in China. Any policy is based on reality. After many changes, the relevant departments are considering whether it is necessary to adjust some policies. This view has triggered a heated discussion on whether to have a second child, and some in-depth discussions on the formation of the only child's personality and related advantages and disadvantages have also surfaced.

Edit this paragraph back to the catalogue of family planning-the result is complicated, and the result of family planning is complicated.

family planning

It has a great influence on the population structure and culture of China. It makes the population growth rate of China reach a very low level. The fifth census in People's Republic of China (PRC) showed that the fertility rate at the end of 1990s was 1.3. If family planning continues, the population of China will drop rapidly after reaching1.34 billion, and will drop to 470 million by 2 1.00 (each next generation is equivalent to 62% of the previous generation).

The consequences of the "family planning" policy are extremely complicated, which has a great impact on China's population structure, culture and family ethics. It makes China's population growth rate reach an unprecedented low level. According to the data of the fifth census conducted by the census offices in People's Republic of China (PRC) and the State Council, the fertility rate at the end of 1990s was only about 1.3. If we continue the current fertility rate of about 1.3, the population of China will rapidly drop to 2 1.000 after reaching the peak of1.34 billion. The population of China will drop sharply in 2 1 century.

population structure

At present, the population structure of China is seriously unbalanced. It is manifested in: 1, the rapid arrival of social aging, and 2, the serious imbalance between male and female births, which brings great hidden dangers to the stable development of society in the future.