Talk about the main causes of global warming and the main measures we are going to take

Factories emit large quantities of waste gas, slag and solid waste; exhaust fumes from automobiles, and human beings cut down indiscriminately

Global warming refers to the increase in global temperature. Over the past 100 years, the global average temperature has experienced two fluctuations of cold-warm-cold-warm, which is generally seen as an upward trend. Into the eighties, the global temperature has risen significantly. 1981-1990 global average temperature than 100 years ago rose 0.48 ℃ . The main cause of global warming is the massive use of fossil fuels (e.g., coal, oil, etc.) by human beings in the last century, which emits a large amount of CO2 and many other greenhouse gases. As these greenhouse gases are highly transmissive to short-wave radiation from the sun and highly absorptive to long-wave radiation reflected from the earth, which is often referred to as the greenhouse effect", leading to global warming scientists have long warned that a significant rise in sea level will not only bring about the demise of many small island nations, but will also threaten the coastal areas of other countries. Polar bears and many other creatures will become extinct due to the loss of the environment on which they depend for survival. Global warming will also lead to an increase in the frequency of high temperatures, heat waves, typhoons and heavy precipitation events. Qin Dahe told reporters that several strong typhoons that occurred in China last year, the ambient drought suffered by Chongqing, and the low water level of the Yangtze River are often linked to global climate change to some extent. The impact of warmer weather on crops is obvious. 30 years, the flowering of apple trees in France has been 10 days earlier, and the sowing season for corn has been advanced by one month. Since December this year, temperatures have been persistently high in most parts of Jiangsu province, triggering plants to bloom in the opposite season, with osmanthus flowers opening in some areas of Nanjing in the dead of winter. The Ministry of Science and Technology, the China Meteorological Administration, the Chinese Academy of Sciences and other departments not long ago released the "National Assessment Report on Climate Change", pointed out that the warming of the climate so that the agricultural demand for water increased, the regional differences in water supply will also be increased, in order to adapt to the changes in the production conditions of the cost of agriculture and the need to invest in a substantial increase. Some experts believe that, if technical factors such as improved varieties are not taken into account, the yields of China's major crops, such as wheat, rice and maize, could fall by up to 37 per cent in the second half of the twenty-first century as a result of climate warming. With regard to pastoralism, the trend of aridification due to climate change is increasing the trend of potential desertification in semi-arid areas, the boundaries of grasslands may be expanded, the area of alpine meadows may be reduced, and the pattern of distribution of grassland carrying capacity and livestock loading will change considerably. Warmer weather is changing people's winter activities: in Xinjiang's Altay region, three consecutive months of significantly warmer year-on-year temperatures are reducing snow on ski slopes and reducing visitors by 90%. The warm winter has made various germs and viruses active, and pests and diseases are breeding and spreading. Mosquitoes, fleas, rats and other pests are less likely to freeze to death, and the number of these infectious disease vectors has increased dramatically, posing a serious threat to human health. Scientists believe that the horizontal destruction of forests and other vegetation and the daily increase in greenhouse gas emissions are the main causes of climate warming. Carbon dioxide, emitted from the long-term use of coal, oil and other fuels, is the most important greenhouse gas. In order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, China has taken a series of measures in recent years to improve the efficiency of energy use and vigorously develop and utilize clean energy such as nuclear energy, biomass energy, solar energy and wind energy. Over the past 20 years, China has vigorously carried out afforestation, strengthened ecological environmental protection, increased forest coverage, and China's forests have cumulatively absorbed 3.06 billion tons of carbon dioxide.

The global climate system refers to a highly complex system consisting of the atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, lithosphere (land surface), and biosphere, with significant interactions occurring between these parts. Under the system's own dynamics and external forcings (e.g., volcanic eruptions, solar variability, anthropogenic changes in atmospheric composition, and land-use changes), the climate system constantly evolves over time (gradual versus abrupt changes) and has climate changes and variability at different spatial and temporal scales (climate variability and oscillations at monthly, seasonal, interannual, interdecadal, and centennial scales, etc.). The climate system is one of the major components of the Earth system. The Earth system also includes human and living systems, socio-economic aspects, etc. It is a complete, interconnected system with complex metabolic and self-regulatory mechanisms. Its biological processes interact strongly with physical and chemical processes to form the complex Earth's life support system. Causes of changes in the climate system There are various causes of changes in the climate system, which can be summarized into two categories: natural climate fluctuations and the impact of human activities. The former include changes in solar radiation, volcanic eruptions, etc. The latter include increases in greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere caused by the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation, changes in the concentration of sulfide aerosols, changes in land cover, and changes in land use. Natural Factors and Climate Variability All of the energy of the climate system essentially comes from the sun, so changes in the sun's energy output are considered a form of radiative forcing that leads to climate change, which means that changes in solar radiation are exogenous to changes in the climate system. Another cause of changes in solar radiation is changes in the Earth's orbit. There are three kinds of regular changes in the Earth's orbit around the Sun, first, the eccentricity (ratio of the long axis to the short axis) of the elliptical Earth's orbit varies with a period of 100,000 years; second, the inclination of the Earth's rotational axis with respect to the Earth's orbit varies between 21.6° and 24.5°, with a period of 41,000 years; and third, the annual change in the time of the Earth's closest approach to the Sun's perihelion, i.e., the perihelion time shifts in different months of the year, with a period of about 23,000 years. Another natural factor that affects climate change is volcanic eruptions. Following an eruption, volcanoes emit large quantities of sulfide aerosols and dust to high altitudes that can reach stratospheric heights. They can significantly reflect solar radiation, thereby cooling the atmosphere below them. Human activities exacerbate the process of climate system change Global climate change caused by human activities mainly includes human combustion of fossil fuels, changes in the concentration of sulfide aerosols, and changes in land surface cover and land use (e.g., increases in atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases caused by deforestation). There are six main types of greenhouse gases emitted by human activities, namely carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCS), perfluorocarbons (PFCS) and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) Of these, the one that has the greatest impact on climate change is CO2. It produces 63% of the total warming effect of all greenhouse gases. It also has a long retention period in the atmosphere, up to 200 years, and is well-mixed, making it of most concern. The increase in greenhouse gases affects or warms the global climate mainly through the greenhouse effect. While the average temperature of the Earth's surface is determined solely by the radiation balance, greenhouse gases absorb a portion of the thermal radiation radiated from the surface, thus causing a warming of the Earth's atmosphere, i.e., these greenhouse gases act as a quilt covering the surface, the outside of which is colder than the inside, so that the radiation from the surface does not travel unimpeded into space; thus, the surface of the Earth is warmer than it would have been in the absence of these greenhouse gases. Since 1750, global atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide have increased significantly as a result of human activities, and the global atmospheric concentration of CO2 in 2005 was 379 ppm, which is now well outside the range of naturally occurring concentrations over the pre-industrial period of six hundred and fifty thousand years based on ice-core records, and is the highest in 650,000 years. A variety of studies confirm that most of the observed increase in global average temperature over the past 50 years is most likely due to increases in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations.