For the treatment of articular cartilage injury are what breakthroughs?

Arthrocartilage injury is one of the more common disorders in orthopedics. In the field of

Orthopedic surgery, arthritis caused by traumatic and degenerative cartilage tissue injury due to disease, trauma and other reasons is a difficult problem in the field of medical treatment all over the world, due to the lack of blood supply to the cartilage tissues, the nutrients come from the surrounding synovial fluid moisturizing, and it is very difficult to regenerate after the injury. The traditional treatments for cartilage damage include arthroplasty, drilling, microfracture, and arthroscopy

Arthroplasty is unable to repair the damaged cartilage and subchondral bone into their original normal structures. Autologous tissue grafts are more effective but have a limited supply of material; allogeneic materials are relatively more widely available but may cause immune rejection and carry the risk of transmitting disease. In this context, the use of tissue engineering to develop damaged tissue substitutes is a promising therapeutic approach.

The principle of tissue engineering technology for cartilage repair is that after clinical extraction of the patient's autologous chondrocytes, the cells are adsorbed in a collagen cartilage carrier that is biocompatible and can be gradually absorbed by the human body, which provides a three-dimensional space for the survival of the cells and facilitates the cells to obtain sufficient nutrients, carry out gas exchange, excrete wastes, and enable the cells to grow and expand in accordance with the prefabricated and designed three-dimensional morphology. The scaffold grows and expands. The obtained grafts are implanted into the diseased parts of tissues in the organism, and the planted cells continue to proliferate and secrete matrix during the gradual absorption of the biological scaffolds, forming new corresponding cartilage tissues with the special morphology and function of in situ

tissue cells

, and the patients can obtain the repair of cartilage defects and functional reconstruction through customized and transplanted autogenous cartilage grafts to achieve a complete healing and long-lasting Rehabilitation. Autologous chondrocyte transplantation is one of the more widely used tissue engineering techniques for the treatment of articular cartilage injury. MACI (Matrix-induced Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation) is a mature technique in clinical practice, in which clinically collected chondrocytes are pre-implanted in the

Biofilm

. The MACI technique preplants clinically collected chondrocytes on a biofilm

, and then transplants the resulting grafts to the defects by fixing them with fiber adhesive. It breaks through the insurmountable barrier of traditional transplantation methods.2. The collagen membrane is used as the chondrocyte carrier, and there is no need to cut the periosteum, which avoids various complications caused by periosteum grafting to the articular surface.3. Fiber adhesive, which is better in biocompatibility, is used instead of sutures to close the graft site, and therefore sutures are not needed.4. Small surgical incision, short operation time, and fast postoperative recovery. Currently in clinical application in this field.