Enshi Fangjiaba trip 400 words essay

Tujia Customs -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- As a result of a long period of interaction with other brother ethnic groups, living customs, culture and other mutual influence, absorption, and now common Chinese and Chinese language. The Tujia's customs are similar to those of other ethnic groups, with very few unique parts preserved. Residence The Tujia people build their houses against the mountains, usually in footstools, with people living upstairs and livestock downstairs. The houses are usually built with backs to the mountains and faces to the mountains. Generally, there are four rows of three rooms, and the one in the center should be set up for the ancestors. The right side of the left and right two rooms to live, mostly two small rooms, called live "small two rooms". In front of the small second room, there is a fire store, and in the center of the fire store, there is a kang, which is used for heating and cooking, and on which there is an iron tripod. There is a kang rack hanging over the kang for drying things in the kang. Especially before the Spring Festival, the kang is used to bake bacon and sausages. Marriage Among the Tujia people, there is a custom of marriage between aunts and cousins. Generally, the daughter of an aunt's family marries the son of her uncle's family, which is called "bone seed" and is considered as "adding relatives to relatives". Tujia wedding, to send three ways of favor. Before the girl is married, she should practice "crying marriage song". To cry friends and relatives, but also 1 ~ 2 days in advance without food and drink, called "do not eat tea and rice". The girl gave birth to a child after marriage, the man should go to the woman's home to announce the good news. By the son-in-law to carry a pot of wine, sent to the woman's home on the incense niche in the hall, the pot spout facing outward, said the birth of a boy; pot spout facing inward, said the birth of a girl. After the female relatives to send food, chicken, meat, eggs to the male family to eat "moon rice wine", the male family should also send gifts. Clothing Tujia men and women mostly like to wear big sleeves, big trouser legs, embroidered flowers on the trouser legs, birds and the like, pants to catch the waist, men and women like to wrap the head of a white pajama, feet wear white shoes, generous and beautiful. Women's heads adorned with silver jewelry, chest with silver knives, bells, toothpicks and so on. Men, women and children have a variety of headdresses on the cap, the cap is equipped with silver ornaments after the bell, tinkling. Funeral and Burial The funeral and burial of the Tujia people, the old man died, most of them have to hold a grand funeral. To ask the earth teacher to preside over the selection of the date of burial and cemetery, as well as the seat of the mountain, to the mountain. At the time of the funeral, paper money should be thrown on the road, and it is forbidden to put anything with iron inside the grave. Therefore, one's relatives are required to dig a well and leave only after the person is buried. In the process of burial, the coffin is opened, cleaned and "thrown" by a native teacher. When the rice is thrown, the relatives kneel down in front of the coffin and catch the rice with the clothes on their backs. Some of them chew and swallow the rice on the spot, while others bring the rice back to be cooked, which indicates that the future generations should be united and harmonious, and that they should not worry about food and clothing and carry on the old man's legacy. Festivals Tujia had a "New Year's Day" traditional festivals, every year on the twenty-eighth and twenty-ninth day of the Lunar New Year, now part of the villages inhabited by the Tujia people have been retained this custom. "April 8" is the Tujia send caterpillar festival, to read proverbs, pray for crops from pests, a good harvest. Beliefs The Tujia people worship their ancestors, believing that they are the greatest gods who bless their children and grandchildren in every way. They generally believe in the "King of the Earth", which is said to be the ancestor of the Tujia people, and burn money and paper every holiday to worship their ancestors and the "King of the Earth". Tujia also believe in the land god, during the New Year's period, all visiting friends and relatives through the land temple, have to burn incense and paper, but also in many of the Tujia for the "three kings of the temple", the temple for the Ran, Yang, Tian three gods, praying for the three kings of the God blessed the population peace and prosperity of the six animals. Background: Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou border on the family in some places, three times a year: waxing twenty-nine (or twenty-eight) "over the rush year"; lunar June 25 over the "June year"; October the first over the "October year ". Han Chinese and some related ethnic groups celebrate the New Year (referred to as "Nian Nian", i.e. Spring Festival) on the 30th (or 29th) day of the Lunar New Year. The Tujia people rush to celebrate the New Year one day earlier, so it is called "over the New Year". Why do the Tujia people rush to celebrate the New Year? In Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou border folk popular four different sayings: one is said to resist foreign aggression. Legend has it that when the Japanese invaded China during the Ming Jiajing period, Yongshun Tujia worker Peng Yinan was ordered to go to war, and he led 3,000 soldiers to the front line one day ahead of New Year's Eve, defeating the Japanese and making "the first battle in Southeast China". In order to commemorate this victory, at the same time, also to express the general public's deep nostalgia for the anti-Japanese generals, the Tujia people of Yongshun County set the New Year's Eve on the twenty-ninth (or twenty-eighth) day of the Lunar New Year, and this "New Year's Eve" custom has been going on for hundreds of years. Another theory is to defeat the harassment of foreigners. Because of the frequent ethnic wars, the Tujia people were often unable to celebrate the New Year safely. Therefore, the chiefs of this ethnic group used a clever trick to win. The leader let the people celebrate the New Year one day earlier, then, led by the generals suddenly attack, the enemy eat wine and meat on New Year's Day, unsuspecting, by the Tujia people beat up and hastily withdrew. There is also a saying that the Tujia people's ancestors were poor, to the rich man as a long laborer, so poor that can not celebrate the New Year, can not be a family reunion, had to advance a day of "reunion". Also said, sichuan xiyang, xiushan around the cab family people in the lunar calendar in March 3, April 17 over the New Year, because of the Ming dynasty Wanli years of the Tujia people were ordered to go on an expedition, the date of the return of the division is not the same, so the New Year's time is also not the same. From the above four different sayings (legend), can find some **** the same thing, that is: whether it is a foreign invasion, foreign harassment or landlord exploitation, plundering, the Tujia people is never brave, with the enemy steam, and resourceful, to win by surprise, this is a heroic people, bold people. "Catch the New Year" night, Walled on the burning sky fire, tune the New Year flag flying high, men and women around the fire dancing hands, singing tune the New Year song, dance "Maugus". This "New Year's Eve" of the cool and wild, red-hot exuberance, a special flavor. Tujia people bold, quick national temperament of the formation and development, and its historical process has been suffering, oppression, several times forced to raise the family (clan or tribe) to move the foot but can be calmly deal with the historical facts are inseparable. As a result, with its predecessors, the Chu people (or the Ba people, "Southern Barbarians"), the same, developed a strong national spirit of remembrance of ancestors, nostalgia, unity, martial arts, which in the upper family over the "June Year" and "October Year This is clearly reflected in the customs and legends of the "June Year" and "October Year" of the upper family. Folklore says that the ancient Tujia people originally lived in the area of Jiangxi, due to unbearable government, the plundering of the rich, oppression, to avoid being decapitated by the disaster, they agreed to the eighth day of the fourth month of the lunar calendar to begin to prepare, and then quietly leave, through the Dongting Lake, back to the Sinking River up to the Wuhai Pai Dim Hap Lingling mountainous areas of a mountainous and beautiful place. Here there are large trees to cover the foot-hanging buildings, there are clear springs can be brewed "bao gu yao" (home-made white wine), to be able to live and work in peace and happiness, it is worth celebrating. So the newly settled Tujia people decided to celebrate the New Year first: slaughtering cows, worshipping gods, "waving hands" and singing. This day is the 25th day of the 6th month of the lunar calendar, so it is called the "Year of the Sixth Month". After a few months of hard work, the newly reclaimed land was fertile, the grains were strong, and the six animals grew fat in the wind, so the Tujia people ushered in the first fruitful autumn in their new homeland. In this way, they again in the early October of the lunar calendar and again in the "October Year" (which is also related to their ancestors - Chu people in October as the first year of the "October Year" nature). Family steamed "bud roast", Walled Village kill big fat pig, people have strung Walled Village, door-to-door New Year's greetings, and each other to express their good wishes. In the rich and beautiful land of western Hunan and western Hubei in China, there has been a hard-working and brave brotherhood living since ancient times, which is the Tujia. There are about 5.7 million Tujia people (1990), with Yongshun, Longshan, Baojing and Guzhang counties in Hunan Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture as the main settlement areas, and the rest of them are distributed in Laifeng, Lichuan, Hefeng, Xianfeng and Xuanen counties of Enshi region in Hubei Province and Tujia autonomous counties of Shizhuqianjiang and Penshui in Sichuan Province. The language of the Tujia belongs to the Tibeto-Burman group of the Sino-Tibetan language family, close to the Yi branch. There is no native script, and Chinese has long been used. The vast majority of the Tujia people speak Chinese, and some of them also speak Miao, and only Yongshun and Longshan, in some remote areas, speak only Tujia. The Tujia people call themselves "Bizka", meaning local people. They call the Han Chinese "Hakka". Two thousand years ago, they settled in today's western Hunan and western Hubei, and at that time, together with other minorities, they were insultingly called "Wuling barbarians" or "Wuxi barbarians". About the origin of the Tujia people, one says that it is the descendant of the ancient Ba people; one says that it is a part of the Wu barbarians who moved into western Hunan from Guizhou in ancient times; one says that it is the descendant of the 100 artisans who moved into western Hunan from Jiangxi led by Peng Xian from the end of the Tang Dynasty to the beginning of the Fifth Dynasty (before and after the 1910s). All these claims need to be further researched. But one thing can be concluded. That is, about since the fifth generation, the western region of Hunan and Ezhou Tujia this stable people **** the same body, began to gradually formed into a single ethnic group. Tujia inhabited by the hilly areas of western Hunan and Hubei, the altitude of more than four hundred to fifteen hundred meters between the territory of the mountain range overlapping, dense hills, Wuling Mountains across the period, Youshui, Li Shui, Qingjiang River crisscrossing the climate is mild, abundant rainfall, with the development of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, by-products, fisheries, and good conditions. The mountains are densely forested, with terraces full of rice, corn, potatoes, wheat, etc.; cash crops include sugar beet, ramie, cotton, oleander, oil tea, tea, etc., of which oleander and oil tea are the main items in the multiple management of the Tujia area, and occupy an important position in the economic life of the Tujia people. Economic forest trees include pine, fir, nan and cypress. In addition, valuable medicinal herbs, aquatic products and underground mineral deposits are also very rich, and the specialty baby fish is a precious animal famous both at home and abroad. Tujia Folklore Mourning Dance The Tujia Mourning Dance, also known as the Coffin Dance, the Coffin Dance, and the Mourning Drum Dance, is a folkloric song and dance passed down by the Ba people two thousand years ago. When an old man dies, the spirit pivot is placed in front of the hall for a few days, and relatives and neighbors go to offer condolences. In the night, "drumming and singing", all night long, to increase the warm atmosphere, that is, for the dead people to solve the silence, comfort the new family mourning. Tujia people love mourning dance, "hear the drums, feet itch". Mourning dance is basically similar to the characteristics of the Tujia hand dance, hands and feet with the side, dance net bold, action Ping Committee, soothing with a strong rhythm to beat the oscillator music, the dancers dance while singing, singing more fake voice, similar to shouting songs. Suitable for men, women, old and young to dance, dance vocabulary health, generally to celebrate the life story, singing and nurturing, as well as production and labor aspects of the content of the main. Tujia funeral dance set song, dance, blowing, playing in one, is a comprehensive folk art, funeral dance is essentially a folk ritual activities, the performance of the Tujia people on the worship of the ancestors. 2、Bench Dragon is a dance formed by the Tujia people who use benches as "dragon lanterns". Two people, three people can, two people dance is a front and a back, three people dance is the front two after a. The dance movements are "river eagle", "river eagle", "river eagle" and "river eagle". Dance movements are "river eagle wings", "snowflakes cover the top", "yellow dragon wrapped around the waist", "fierce tiger downhill" and so on. Activity time is mostly in the lunar New Year's Eve to the first month of the 15th. There are also festivals. Light Opera Light Opera is popular in the Wuling Mountains folk local theater. Its characteristics are four: one is simple clothing, an official clothes, a top hat, three sets of mouth bars, a sword is enough; two is the character of less, raw, Dan, ugly three lines, often introduced a man and a woman, up to no more than four people; three is not much instrumental music, the field of literature with only one person with a "big tube" accompaniment, the martial arts field to increase the drums, gongs, and the fourth is not a choice of performance. ......, the fourth is not to choose the place of performance, dams, squares can be. Lantern Opera due to the performance of different meanings and different names of the new Spring Festival, celebrating the festive season, called "Hexin Lantern", Ching Ming Festival, called "Ching Ming Lantern", birthday birthday, called "Shou Lantern", male marriage, female marriages, The festival is known as "Gong Lantern" for the marriage of men and women and the holding of children and grandchildren. There are more than 60 lantern plays. Daughters will Daughters will be the original Tujia (Miao also) young people talking about love traditional customary festivals, the lunar calendar May 3, July 12 held, male and female young people dressed up, go to catch the meeting. In the old days, girls were not allowed to go out, only this day to set in the meeting, so it is called "daughter will". Girls who want to choose their husbands, dressed in multiple layers, long inside and short outside, so that all the good clothes can be seen. When they go to the fair, they bring some local products and pretend to sell them. The man who wants to find an object is carrying an empty basket, pretending to shop, and if he likes the girl, he will come forward to "shop". In a funny "bargaining" in each show ingenuity, to understand each other. If the price is rising, indicating that the girl does not agree, not lad should be interested in walking away, otherwise they will be scolded. On the contrary, that is to say that the girl acquiesced, the two sides out of the city, looking for a secluded place to book a lifetime event. Weeding Gongs and Drums The Tujia people call rice plowing weeding and corn plowing weeding. These two agricultural activities, both in the height of summer, inevitably fatigue and tiredness, in order to revitalize the spirit, regulate the mind and body, that is, accompanied by gongs and drums to help cheer up, so it is called gripping grass Luo drums. Weed gongs and drums are generally a gong and a drum, knocking themselves out, singing words mostly wishing for good weather, a kind of grain harvest, there are also historical stories, in addition, the rappers also improvise from time to time, jokes and jokes, and play the role of drumming and refueling. 6, note rice year meat Tujia people wishing for the year auspicious: rice and meat, especially on the good bacon mixed with glutinous millet steamed into dishes for the "reunion" when the family comment, rice, meat as the subject of the four eight sentences for good luck.