急,金圣叹点评水浒传 六段原文及批语

Panda, I am Sun Mou, give me extra points ！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！ (A), Song Jiang image analysis

Since the Water Margin came out, there have been mixed reviews of Song Jiang. Song Jiang is the most complex character image in Water Margin, and one of the most thought-provoking. Is he sinister and treacherous, or is he loyal and righteous? Is he a moralist, or a good man of the jungle?

Song Jiang's nicknames

Every hero and heroine in Water Margin basically has only one nickname. Song Jiang, however, had four nicknames: Black Song Jiang, Xiaoyi Heisanlang, Timely Rain, and Hubao Yi. And each of his nicknames shows his characteristics in this area and the complexity of this character.

"Water Margin" 18th:

That the guards surnamed Song, the name of Jiang, cousin Gongming, the third in line, ancestor of Yuncheng County, Songjia Village people. For his face black body short, people call him to do black Song Jiang; and in the family's great filial piety, righteousness and wealth, people call him to do filial piety and righteousness black three Lang. ...... since in Yuncheng County as a pawnbroker. He is proficient in the sword and pen, the official way pure; moreover, love to learn the gun stick, learned a lot of martial arts. In his life, he had to get to know the good people in the jianghu, but some people came to join him, if high or low, there is no not to be, then stayed in the Zhuang Pavilion to live, all day long to chase the company, and no boredom. If you want to get up, try your best to fund, the end is profligate, as gold as dirt. People ask him for money, but also do not put off; and good to do to facilitate, every time to solve the problem, just to protect people's lives. ...... As such, Shandong and Hebei are famous, and they all call him a timely rain.

Hu Baoyi The fourth nickname is "Hu Baoyi". The word "hu bao yi", until today, people can not explain it clearly. One explanation is that Hubaiyi is the name of a military official in the Southern Song Dynasty, called Hubaiyilang. Another explanation, said "Paul", is to keep the insurance; "righteousness" is the righteousness of loyalty, "Paul Yee" that is, to maintain loyalty and righteousness, the meaning of the call, that is, we all call him that way. Generally speaking, the word hu bao yi actually speaks of Song Jiang's attitude towards the country, towards the court, towards the emperor's attitude.

The first perspective on Song Jiang:

When Song Jiang first appeared in the 18th chapter of Water Margin, he was given a comprehensive introduction. He was a farmer for generations, farming and keeping some fields for a living. Since childhood, he studied the scriptures and history, and received traditional cultural upbringing. A more important point? It was the profession he was engaged in. He worked in the county government office as a superintendent. So from his family background and cultural upbringing and occupation, we can judge, his family background makes him have a certain sense of justice, his occupation raised him to deal with small and cautious, improvised habits, but also cultivated him like to play the means of power. This is our understanding of the first angle of Song Jiang.?

The second perspective of Song Jiang:

Secondly, is Song Jiang a righteous hero? Or is he a loyal official of the country? We can analyze a few things from before he went to Liangshan and after he went to Liangshan. Before he went to Liangshan, he released Chao Gai for the sake of his beloved brothers. And for fear of being exposed, he killed Yan Boshi. From these things, we can say Song Jiang is a righteous hero. Then after going to Liangshan Mountain, he became the leader of a righteous army, and the several battles that he led his Liangshan brothers fully showed his commanding and organizing talents. And after being recruited, he became a loyal minister of the country. He changed the name of Liang Shan from "Acting for Heaven" to "Protecting the Country", which is a behavior only for a loyal minister of the country. Therefore, no matter what subjective feelings we have about Song Jiang, either praise or blame, love or hate, we can not deny that he is a successful artistic image in the gallery of classical Chinese literature.

(2), Lin Chong image analysis

"Water Margin" wrote the character traits of the characters, there is a basis for life, and can be with the development of life contradictions, his character to produce changes. The Water Margin writes Lin Chong's character change, write very outstanding, have a basis. Why did he change? When does he change? All from life, this is the realism of the Water Margin.

In Water Margin, Lin Chong has a prominent character trait: he can endure, endure humiliation, swallow his anger and dare not resist. General novels, to fully idealize a positive character, often at the beginning to write his merits. But the Water Margin is not the same, Lin Chong in the Water Margin is a resounding hero, marvelous, the author is warmly praised him. But as soon as he appeared on the scene, he wrote about his weaknesses, wrote about the weaknesses in his character, the bad side, that is, he can endure, endure humiliation, endure anger.

"Tolerance" one:

An eight hundred thousand forbidden army instructor, in broad daylight, his wife was molested by others, a great shame, can not stand. So he went very angry. "At that time Lin Chong wrench will come over, wrenching his shoulder blades, but recognize is this official Gao Nai, first since the hands soft." The five words "first from the hand soft" are very noteworthy, this is not a simple, general description of the character's movements and demeanor, but all of a sudden digging into the inner world of people. So the novel wrote Lin Chong anger has not subsided, know that after the trigger over, first since the hand soft. But "anger has not subsided, a pair of eyes open to look at that high Yamane". But dare to be angry but not dare to say, dare to be angry but not dare to fight, he endured the breath. The novel is very well written here and shows the inner activities of the characters.

Lin Chong and Lu Zhishen at this point of comparison: Lu Zhishen will not buy it, Lu Zhishen has a paragraph is loud and clear, and Lin Chong in sharp contrast. He said, "You are afraid of his lieutenant, I am afraid of him even", "I if I bumped into that handful of birds, and teach him to eat sprinkler 300 Zen stick to go. One is to tolerate insults and fear; one is to be as vicious as an enemy. One is afraid of being insulted and oppressed; the other cannot bear to see his friends being oppressed, which is a sharp contrast between the two characters.

"Tolerance" of the second:

Next still write Lin Chong want to live in peace, tolerance. But he can't live in peace, and he can't bear it even if he wants to. So the novel went on to write high Nga Nei and bought Lu Qian, so that Lu Qian Lin Chong's wife cheated to his home inside the upstairs. Lin Chong learned that, "took a wrist knife", "ran straight to Fan Lou, went to find Lu Yu Hou". He picked up the knife is not to go to find high yannei, but to go to find Lu Qian. That is to say, Lin Chong has begun to resist, but the extent and scope of his resistance is limited. The fact that he should go to Gao Nai probably means two things here. First, he was still afraid of Gao Yannei and did not dare to mess with him. As I said before, I will spare him this time. This is the second time, he tolerated again; second, this is written Lin Chong heavy righteousness. That is to say, Lu Qian is Lin Chong's sworn brother, treachery, not righteous people Lin Chong is the most hateful. Righteousness is a very good thing in Lin Chong's character, a very valuable thing. This is a very important factor in his later transformation, and after the transformation of a very strong revolutionary.

"Tolerance" of the third:

Lin Chong was sent to Cangzhou, but still able to tolerate, or endure humiliation. The novel here is written very wonderful, he wrote a letter of repudiation before leaving. This paper I think there are two aspects of the content, on the one hand, write out Lin Chong's goodness, he is very considerate for his wife; on the other hand, also write out his character can endure, but also naive and childish. Do you think that after writing the letter of repudiation, Gao Yannei will not come? He will come back as usual. So these places, on the one hand, write out his goodness, cause the reader to sympathize with him, on the other hand, cause the reader for the evil forces of the more hatred.

"Tolerance" of the fourth:

The assassination of Cangzhou, there is a plot: the two prisoners Dong Chao, Xue Ba, abused him along the way, with scalding water to let him wash his feet, even the reader can not tolerate it, but he still "tolerate", and then walked to the boar forest, which is the place where Dong Chao, Xue Ba, and Xue Ba, were sent. The Wild Boar Forest is the place where Dong Chao and Xue Ba were paid by Gao Ziang and Gao Nai to kill Lin Chong. By this time, Lin Chong did not think of killing him (Wu Sung thought of killing him when he arrived at Fei Yun Pu), so you have to bundle it up. If you were another person, like Lu Zhishen or Li Kui, you would never say that in this situation. Lu Zhishen saved him, want to kill the two males, Lin Chong desperately blocked. At this point he still endure, do not want to resist.

"Forbearance" of five:

To the Cangzhou prison camp soon, he learned from Li Xiaoyi mouth came a few "awkward people", so bought a wrist release knife, the street looking for a couple of days do not find, "the heart and slow". heart and since the slow", and "bear" the past;

Cangzhou prison camp arranged for him to the hayfield, which is a conspiracy, Lin Chong is blissfully unaware of, but also intends to "clear the sky to the city to change a plasterer to repair", "God bless," he said, "I'm not sure if I'll be able to do it. "God bless, come to burn paper money on another day". Also thought to give him a good job, to go there to go more secure. Finally burning hay field, he heard Lu Qian inside the temple of the mountain god and three of them talking, to pick his bones back to Gao Ziang's place to receive the reward. At this point Lin Chong full of anger all of a sudden burst out, open the door of the temple to go out and kill a few people, and then rebel on the mountain, thus realizing the complete transformation.

Summary: Lin Chong took the road is very hard, Lin Chong took a very long, very hard road. The author writes Lin Chong's transformation, it is a lot of ambush, for example, he and Lu Qian is a good friend, brotherhood, but then Lu Qian harmed him, then he once told Lu Qian: "I do not know the younger brother, the man is empty of all the skills, do not meet with the master, Qu sunk in the villain under the dirty air". That is to say, he is under the oppression of the ruling class, full of injustice. This full of injustice, is Lin Chong can step forward, and finally realized the ideological change, the basis of the rebellion on the mountain. Although he was an eight hundred thousand forbidden army instructor, a middle-ranking officer, but he was oppressed as soon as he appeared on the scene. So although he was a character in the ruling class, but his position and the masses of oppressed people have similarities, which is a basis for his transformation. Lin Chong was tolerant of his oppressors and insults, but his opponents did not spare him. When one plan failed, another one was born. The dark forces of that society, the forces of evil, constantly pressed on him, so he was very dissatisfied with the chest, there is a cavity of injustice of the?

Several Liangshan characters "on the mountain" comparison:

Lin Chong on the mountain process is from tolerant to intolerable, from cowardice to strength, from humiliation to resistance, so a transformation process. Lin Chong's journey to the mountain was a very grueling path. The Water Margin writes about different characters, different heroes have different character, and go up the mountain to take a different road. This different path is related to his character, and this character is related to his family background and his life situation. Li Kui on the mountain is the most painful, Song Jiang is the most twisted, Lu Zhishen is the most cheerful, cheerful and painful is not exactly the same; not at all look forward and backward, miserable cut, when the officer is not accomplished as a monk, when the monk is not accomplished on the mountain, very cheerful.

(C), "Water Margin" in the image of women

"Water Margin" in the image of women can be divided into three categories:

1, attached to the Big Dipper of the number of Liangshan three "heroine": Sun Erniang, Gu Daqiao, Hu Sanniang;

2, the second type of readers are left with a deep impression of the four adulteresses. The second category leaves a deep impression on the reader is the four adulteresses: Er Pan, Yan Boshi, and Lu Junyi's Mrs. Jia;

3, "Water Margin" describes a chaste woman: Lin Niangzi. There are also some characterizations, such as two old women, Yan, the mother of Yan Boshi, whose face is not quite clear, and Wang, who has a repulsive face.?

Sun Erniang (孙二娘), a black store owner who owns a human flesh bun store on Mengzhou Road (孟州道十字坡), is nicknamed "Mother Night" (母夜叉). She this "nightmare" image is "tie a bright red silk dress, rub a face of rouge and lead powder, open breasts, revealing the main waist of peach yarn, above a color of gold buttons," "eyebrows across the murderous spirit, eyes show fierce light. " And the relationship between Freakso and her husband is reversed. Her husband is not as skilled in martial arts as she is, and the store is not named Zhang, but Sun. Why? Sun Erniang's dark store is an ancestral one, and her father's name is Sun Yuan, the Mountain Night Stalker, a former member of the jianghu who is famous in the Green Forest. This image as well as her actions are probably hard for us to accept. Wu Sung's eyes to see this black store is "hanging on the wall of a few human skin, hanging on the beam of a few human legs", this is also considered a good man? Is it a peasant uprising? Any dynasty, whether ancient or modern, I'm afraid that is to be prosecuted by law. In the end, Sun Erniang is a woman skilled in the jianghu underworld.?

The reader's deepest impression of the three heroines on Liangshan should be Hu Sanniang. Because Hu Sanniang beautiful, beautiful, heroic, but she is a very unsuccessful literary image, no matter "Water Margin" write Hu Sanniang hero, with how heavy brush thick color, but as a character image, as an artistic image is thin, no character to speak of, married to Wang Dwarf Tiger has been her life is a great misfortune, and finally died. From here we can see the author of a contemptuous attitude towards women. She is just a concept, a symbol. A dumb beauty. This symbol is: able to conquer, beautiful beauty.

Pan Jinlian is one of the successful characters in the novel. In addition, later there is "Jin Ping Mei", so "Pan Jinlian" has become a typical "slut", synonymous. In fact, this is unfair. Pan Jinlian was originally a woman who wanted to live a peaceful life. It is a woman who has the pursuit of a woman, from her and Wu Da's harmony to the final poisonous murder of her husband, Pan Jinlian has a gradual degradation of the process.

Pan Jinlian has a process of gradual degradation. Initially, she still had pursuits and some independent thoughts. Zhang Dadu coveted her, she could have gotten a concubine's title, she refused, by the rich man's retaliation married "three inches of ding", "valley bark" Wu Dalang, "a good piece of mutton fell in the mouth of the dog! " (that is, now said "a flower in the cow dung"). She was dissatisfied, and instigated by outsiders, she went to the abyss step by step. In the middle, it is also described that she has a pursuit, saw Wu Song, was rejected by Wu Song. In Pan Jinlian's case, it should be said that her desire was more inflated than moral. There is no morality in her, of course, an envoy born, probably can't read a few words, have no insight, may be the natural attributes higher than her social attributes, instinct overrides reason, so to the destruction.

"Water Margin" in a wonderful paragraph The 23rd time of the novel is written Wu Song to see his sister-in-law.

Jin Shengqi commented: "Whereas he had called "uncle" thirty-nine times, he suddenly changed it to "you", which is a real desire to destroy the people!

Jin Shengqi commented: the last piece of writing Wu Er met the tiger, really is a mountain shaking the ground, so that people's hair down Zhuo; suddenly access to this piece of writing Wu Er met his sister-in-law, and really silk willow flowers, so that people's hearts and souls also swinging.

"Water Margin", why so molding arrangement of these female images? Why is the author's view of women so backward? Why is the Liangshan man "not close to the female sex"?

First, Water Margin, like Romance of the Three Kingdoms, is written in a man's world, and is basically "male literature". This is a man's business, and women have no part to play. But in order to highlight the male heroes who are not close to women (such as Wu Sung), there must be lustful women as a companion (such as Pan Jinlian); in addition, the evolution of the novel from the book, in order to attract listeners and readers, but also with some "meat" to the appetite of the people of the city.

Secondly, the projection of the dominant patriarchal culture and the "woman's woe theory" in traditional culture. Pan Jinlian was horribly slutty. Why does our culture portray Pan Jinlian as such an incomprehensibly evil woman and a slut? In the end, it is the male writer's fear of his own desires that is projected onto the woman. So this kind of woman with desire is especially terrible. She does not have a good end, and her fate is the writer's moral philosophy at work here. That is, the woman with desire, especially the woman who wants to grasp her own desire, our culture should sentence her to death. The woman in real life is warned that it is better for you to be meek and go back to being a good wife and a good mother.

Thirdly, it is the "jianghu concept" that is at work. The Water Margin is a story of the jungle. Then, the code of the jianghu green forest, their concepts, and the general society is different from the ordinary civilians, this is a strong man's concept. For example, killing people and running a black store is actually the jianghu yafu. Why do they who walk the underworld of the jianghu despise women so much? Because the jianghu has its own jianghu code, they are outlaws, gathering in the mountains, robbing houses. They think women's wives and children are a burden. Physiological needs can be temporary to seize. So in the Water Margin, there are a lot of descriptions, the little king Zhou Tong robbed the lady of the house, and Wang Dwarf Tiger also do this kind of thing. The so-called "Lady of the Walled City" is not a real "lady", in fact, it is a sex tool. If you wait until the official soldiers to eliminate, then this pressure on the walled lady a hard to escape to do the ghost of the knife, either by their own men to kill, or captured later, as the bandit family members will also die in some official law.

History confirms that, for example, Li Zicheng, Zhang Xianzhong, they have done such similar things. Chongzhen twelve years, Li Zicheng in the Tongguan Garden defeated, fled to the mountains of Shangluo, then felt the end of the road, several times to commit suicide. Foster son Li Shuangxi dissuaded, his general Liu Zongmin in order to assist Li Zicheng to rise again, go back to his two wives to kill. Then some other strong men, that is, Li Zicheng's diehards, a look at the general Liu Zongmin so do, also go back to kill their wives. These wives are in fact a kind of wife, are captive women. Killed after the expression of the dead heart with the court to fight again. Li Zicheng so light ride breakout, finally rise again. Such a concept, regard women as a burden, regard women as objects, they put women to death, as if burning down the cottage. Those women have no personality status. Here we can see that the author of Water Margin, who also had such a mentality, despised women and regarded them as grass and weeds, like insects and ants.

Fourth, it is the need of plot development. For example: Hu Sanniang's appearance and the plot of Wang Dwarf Tiger's battle with Hu Sanniang is to be linked with the 31st Song Jiang's wish to Wang Dwarf Tiger to find a wife; Pan Jinlian's entanglements with Wu Dai, Wu Song, and Ximen Qing are the inevitable process of Wu Song's step-by-step journey to Liangshan.

Fifth, the wrong "health" concept. For example, Chao Gai, he is a rich man, rich, Dongxi Village, righteousness, and make friends with the world. In the book, Song Jiang was about thirty-four or thirty-five years old when he appeared on the scene. When he met with Chao Gai, he said, "Brother Chao is ten years older than me, so Chao Gai is more than forty years old. In the novel, it is specifically written that Chao Gai did not marry a wife, but only loved to play with guns and sticks, and beat his muscles and bones all day long. That is to say, these green men at that time thought that practicing martial arts was contradictory to being close to women. This is an ancient Chinese theory of health science, the ancients believe that the practice of martial arts first to protect the innate vital energy. So the contempt for women is also intended.