Characteristic residential buildings in Henan Province

A brief introduction to six kinds of traditional houses:

In the pre-Qin period (22 BC1year), the imperial residence or private residence was called a palace; Since the Qin and Han Dynasties (200 BC), the imperial palace only refers to the residence of emperors, and the first residence refers to the residence of nobles. According to the Han Dynasty, the marquis or official residence is called the first food residence, and the modern residence is called the palace. Residential buildings outside the government offices are collectively referred to as residential buildings.

Wooden houses sprouted in the Neolithic Age from 5000 BC to 3300 BC. Hemudu Cultural Site in Yuyao County, Zhejiang Province reflects the technical level of wooden structures. The Banpo site in Xi 'an, Shaanxi Province in 5000 BC shows the layout of the village. The architectural layout of Yangshao cultural site in Jiangzhai, Lintong shows that the existing residential buildings of various districts and nationalities have sprouted according to the architectural layout of the north-south central axis and the houses around the courtyard. There are six categories:

Wooden quadrangle

The main forms of traditional folk houses are widely distributed in Han, Manchu, Bai and other ethnic groups. Wooden frame houses are mainly built along the north-south main axis or the east-west wing houses are built in front of the houses. Siheyuan is called Siheyuan, a three-in-one house, and the younger generation lives in a wing. Women live in the inner court, and guests and servants live in the outer court. The types of houses meet the requirements of feudal society and families to distinguish between honor and inferiority, young and old, and internal and external courtesy. Various forms of houses are spread all over towns and rural areas, each with its own characteristics. The quadrangles in Beijing represent quadrangles.

Second, the four-water-hall residence

The layout of houses in the south of the Yangtze River is more symmetrical than that of quadrangles in the north. The well is only used for drainage and lighting (commonly known as the rainwater on the inner slope of each roof flows into the well). The courtyard is slightly wider, and the hall mouth is connected with the inside and outside of the well. There is a deeper well in the building in the yard, and some roofs are paved with blue tiles. Indoor slate paving is suitable for the warm and humid climate in the south of the Yangtze River. Houses in the south of the Yangtze River are often built by the water. The front door is connected to the water, and each family has its own laundry password.

Third, printmaking residence.

On behalf of Hunan (South) and other provinces, Yunnan Province (Southwest) said that the layout principle of the printing house is the same as that of the quadrangle, and the four corners of the house are connected with each other, forming a seal-like printing house building with wooden frame and adobe wall painting.

Fourth, tulou

Tulou is a circular building with 3-4 floors and 6 floors, including 50 families living in the yard, halls, warehouses, barns, wells and other public houses. The unique architectural form of Hakka protection and self-preservation is still in use today.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) cave dwelling house

Cave dwellings are mainly distributed in areas with thick loess layers in the west, such as Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu and Qinghai. Using the vertical characteristics of loess wall, the arch cave is excavated horizontally to save building materials. The construction technology is simple, warm in winter and cool in summer, which is economical and practical. It is suitable for three kinds of caves: back kiln, flat kiln, brick kiln, stone kiln or adobe kiln.

Six, dry diaphragm residential

Ganlan dwellings are mainly distributed in Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangdong, Guangxi and the Dai, Jingpo and Zhuang nationalities in southwest China. Dry film house is built on the bottom of a single independent building with bamboo, wood and other building materials. It is used for raising livestock or storing things. Buildings are planted on the floor to isolate moisture and prevent insects, snakes and wild animals from invading.