Why should we appreciate China's poems in the college entrance examination?

General theory of appreciation of classical poetry

Description:

This topic review lesson plan consists of three sub-lesson plans, each of which has one lesson: the general lesson plan of the topic; How to grasp the image of poetry; How to taste the language of poetry and appreciate the expressive skills of poetry?

First, the general teaching plan of classical poetry appreciation

Teaching objectives:

A, clear examination outline requirements, clearly distinguish the review focus;

B, build a knowledge network related to classical poetry, and cultivate and strengthen students' appreciation foundation;

C. Summarize the pattern of college entrance examination questions, predict the trend of classical poetry appreciation questions in 2003, and put forward targeted preparation strategies.

Teaching emphasis: constructing the network and system of classical poetry appreciation and related knowledge.

Difficulties in teaching: summing up laws and predicting trends;

Teaching methods: based on perceptual materials, with rational sublimation as the fulcrum and a large number of materials as the support, discuss, evaluate, link and summarize;

Pre-diagnosis:

Question: What are the characteristics of classical poetry appreciation in college entrance examination over the years?

General inventory of classical poetry appreciation in college entrance examination in recent ten years

1994 is Yuan Zhen's chrysanthemum;

1995 is Li Qingzhao's dream;

1996 is Song Yuan who praises history and expresses ambition;

1997 is Wang Dongting of Liu Yuxi and Tijun Mountain of Tao Yong, which appeared in the form of comparative reading.

1998 is the story of Li Ning's seclusion by Jia Dao;

1999 examines Du Fu's Mancheng Yi;

In 2000, the college entrance examination was written by Zhao Shixiu, a poet in the Northern Song Dynasty.

200 1 is Wei's Farewell to Li Zhou in the Night Rain;

In 2002, the college entrance examination tested Li Bai's "Smelling the flute in Los Angeles on a Spring Night".

Cleared: Inventory 1. The college entrance examination questions of classical poetry over the years are all selected from Tang and Song poems, which have the characteristics of classics and norms. The examination forms mainly include objective questions and subjective questions, which are transformed from objective questions to subjective questions;

Inventory 2. Over the years, the college entrance examination questions are all modern poems, and most of them are short and pithy quatrains, and no ancient poems or other forms of poems are selected in one year;

Inventory 3. Two points should be avoided in material selection stress: 1. Don't choose famous works, so as not to provide opportunities for guessing and betting; 2. Difficult and obscure people will not be considered;

Inventory 4. Appreciated poems are selected from extracurricular activities. Therefore, reading a considerable number of extracurricular classical poems is a prerequisite for good appreciation.

Teaching process:

First, clarify the requirements of the examination outline: (blackboard writing)

1, appreciate the image, language and expression skills of literary works;

2. Evaluate the ideological content of literary works and the author's views and attitudes;

Second, establish a knowledge network.

(1) Question: What are the common sense of appreciation and how to refine and interpret the outline?

Blackboard Writing: Terminology, Refinement and Interpretation

Dial:

1. The image of literary works is a "character image" for novels, an artistic conception for prose and poetry, and a dramatic conflict reflected by dramatic characters for drama. Among them, for narrative poetry, "people" and "things" are both images; For lyric poetry, the image is the lyric hero, and for poems about scenery, the "scenery" and "things" in the poem are the images of the poem.

2. Expression skills of literary appreciation works

Induction: There are three levels of expressive skills in literary works:

(1) Rhetoric methods (blackboard writing): metaphor, personification, rhetorical questions, metonymy, duality, exaggeration, contrast, allusions, adaptation, intertextuality, repetition, etc.

(2) expression: (blackboard writing):

Expression (blackboard writing):

Narration, discussion, description and lyricism.

Lyrics can be divided into direct lyric; Indirect lyric (borrowing scenery to express emotion, supporting things to express emotion; Scene fusion).

Description: combination of static and dynamic, virtual and real, point and surface, light and shade, front and side, rough drawing and meticulous painting; Le Jing wrote mourning and mourning for Syaraku;

Literary expression (blackboard writing):

Fu, ratio and xing; Restrain change, elaborate description and symbolize association.

(3) Text structure (blackboard writing): The first sentence aims at the target, goes straight to the theme, the writing focuses on the theme, the chapter shows the ambition, the feelings are tied with the scenery, the total score is appropriate, the small is big, the layers are deepened, the transition is taken care of, and the bedding is well prepared.

3. The ideological nature of literary works includes two levels:

Writing on the blackboard: ideological content

1 Write personal experience and present impromptu content (blackboard writing).

The main expressions and expressions are as follows:

Express your ambition by chanting things, express your feelings about things, make a guest journey, hurt and cherish spring, hurt yourself, wander about homesickness, and always blame trees and love poems in your heart;

(2) Describe the rise and fall of the country and the sufferings of the people (blackboard writing)

Patriotism frontier poems, reminiscing about the past, expressing the feelings of worrying about the country and the people.

* * The author's views and attitudes also include two levels:

Attitude: sympathy, praise and admiration; Despise, dislike, indifference

② Tendency: people, feudalism, democracy and autocracy.

Historicity: historical materialism and historical idealism

Tip: This process is extremely important, and it plays a role in directing the whole appreciation process. Otherwise, students will feel anticlimactic when doing this kind of problems, and there is no way to start.

For example, the following is Wang Changling's Five Poems of Long Letter and Autumn (I). Answer this question after reading it.

The plane tree leaves in Jinjingbian are yellow, and the night pearl curtain is not rolled out to see the frost.

Jade pillow jade pillow looks like a withered face, lying on your back and worrying about listening to the south temple-style leaking face.

A, the title of the poem is Autumn Ci. So, what scenes did the author write in the poem? What is the function?

B, what kind of characters are created by poetry, please analyze.

C. What are the differences in conception, conception and expression of this poem?

As can be seen from the title of this poem, it examines the image, language and expression skills of the poem, as well as the author's thoughts and attitudes, and the topic limb design is rigorous and scientific, with good detection function. And clear the specific content of the test center, which has a strong guiding and positioning role for correctly answering poetry appreciation questions. This also confirms the importance of the interpretation of test sites from another angle.

[Attachment: Brief Analysis] This poem describing palace grievances, with profound and implicit brushstrokes and lyrical methods, writes a girl deprived of youth, freedom and happiness, lying alone in a desolate and lonely palace, listening to the scene of palace leakage. The first three sentences are about scenery, and the last one is about people. The scenery plays the role of rendering colors and setting off the atmosphere. There is not a word of resentment in the whole poem, and it is full of grievances.

(2) Classification of college entrance examination questions and analysis of proposition trends,

Question design: What is the classification of college entrance examination questions?

Clear: Looking at the college entrance examination questions for more than ten years, according to the content of poetry performance, it can be divided into the following three situations:

1, poetry. (blackboard writing) 1994 college entrance examination topic Yuan Zhen's Chrysanthemum; Yu Shinan's "Cicada" was an examination question in the college entrance examination in the spring of 2000. Through two poems, we can grasp the characteristics of object-chanting poems from a macro perspective and master the laws and methods of reading such poems; In order to draw inferences from others and better guide the review and preparation of senior three Chinese. Please look at the work:

Chrysanthemum Yuan Zhen

In autumn, the bushes, like Taoist priests, are more and more inclined around the fence.

It's not that chrysanthemums are favored among flowers, but that this flower is even more flowerless.

Cicada is in the south of the city.

Drink clear dew, and the stream will sound like a sparse tree. Cicada is far away from cicada because cicada is on a tall tree, not relying on autumn wind.

Question: (1) The two poems are about "Chrysanthemum" and "Cicada" respectively, so what is the author's intention in describing the situation?

Hugging: Although the titles of the two poems are Chrysanthemum and Cicada, the drunkard doesn't mean wine, but here is another one. It means "don't send something" and has other sustenance. For example, Chrysanthemum expresses the poet's own noble and flawless character through the noble quality of chrysanthemum. In Cicada, Yu Shinan uses a cicada that "drinks dew high" to express his feelings that "good history is true", instead of relying on the power of the east wind to show the world with his extraordinary image of "drinking dew to death": people who stand tall and do well can enjoy a wide reputation without outside help.

(2) How is the author's image revealed in the two poems?

Comments: In the poem, the author seems to be beyond the image of "chrysanthemum" and "cicada" in the poem, but in fact it is "this flower is even more flowerless"; In Cicada, we can fully appreciate the author's lofty integrity of "self-narration, self-metaphor and self-comparison".

Similarly, 1994 and 2000 college entrance examination questions closely follow the style of "reciting things" when setting options, and make propositions from the aspects of image and skills.

To sum up, chanting poems have two characteristics:

(1) is to borrow things to express their feelings. Or send the worries of its people and send the worries of its country; Or write about his incompetence and the feeling of autumn withering.

② Borrowing is not only the embodiment of the author's ideal, purport and moral integrity, but also the carrier of the theme and image of the work. When reviewing, if we can focus on similar poems and start with the characteristics of "chanting things", we will get twice the result with half the effort.

2. Poetry (written on the blackboard).

Look at Bo Qinhuai by Du Mu.

Smoke cage cold water moon cage sand, night parking near Qinhuai restaurant.

A strong business woman doesn't know the hate of national subjugation, and Jiang Ge is still singing "The backyard flower".

1996 National College Entrance Examination "Shui Long Yin"

Who is the hero in the world? There is wine near the river, which is transverse to tso. Purple covers the yellow flag, which should be borrowed, and the east wind in Chibi.

Even more shocked by Wolong in Nanyang, it became famous in the Eight Arrays, with three points in the world, one in Xishu and one in Jiangdong.

Q: Please talk about the epic features of these two poems.

Clarity: Poetry has the following characteristics: (writing on the blackboard: characteristics)

(1), borrow the ancient to hurt the present, and borrow the ancient to satirize the present;

(2) Poetry has strong realistic pertinence;

⑶ The "people, things, scenery and things" in the poem are the "media" and catharsis for the author to express his feelings and his thoughts on history. Therefore, the scenery or other people and things in the epic are at a certain distance from the people and things in reality, and they are all "scenery with me" to convey the author's certain ideas and feelings.

Let's analyze these two poems.

Comments: Literally, it says "Sleeping at Qinhuai at night". On the surface, the author seems to point the criticism at the "business woman" who doesn't know "national subjugation and hatred", but this is actually a melody. Because what the businesswoman sings is decided by the dignitaries. Therefore, the word "Still Singing" brings history, reality and imagined future into the reader's field of vision, full of bitter irony, deep sorrow and infinite emotion, and more sober about worrying about the country and the people. In this way, readers can have a real feeling of political corruption in the late Tang Dynasty by reading poems. Similarly, the investigation of Shui Longyin (1996) also reflects the author's feelings and thoughts on the heroes in the Three Kingdoms period through the setting of interference items. It can be seen that the detection of epic is also focused on "borrowing the past" and "satirizing the present" and "hurting the present".

3. Improvisation (blackboard writing).

Hugging: Let's take a look at the frequency of this kind of poetry in the college entrance examination:

1995 Li Qingzhao's "Like a Dream" describes the sad mood of a boudoir woman in late spring; 1997 college entrance examination questions examined the beauty of Dongting Lake and Junshan in the form of appreciation by Liu Yuxi and Tao Yong. 1998 The title of the college entrance examination is Jia Dao's "Li Ning's Seclusion", which expresses his yearning for seclusion by describing Li Ning's seclusion environment; 1999 Du Fu's "Full of Hearts in the City" tests the examinee's ability to comprehend the quiet and peaceful artistic conception of the moonlit night on the river described in the poem. In 2000, Zhao Shixiu, a poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, wrote "Ke" to examine the examinee's appreciation of the classic detail of "knocking chess pieces at random and falling on snuff", and then to test the examinee's understanding of the implicit poetic style; Wei 200 1 "Farewell to Li Zhou in the Night Rain" examines the scene of parting and the feeling of farewell; In 2002, the subjective topic was Li Bai's "Smelling the flute in Los Angeles on a Spring Night".

It can be seen that this kind of poetry appears most frequently in the college entrance examination questions.

Question: What are the characteristics of impromptu poems in college entrance examination questions?

Clear: There are two outstanding points: First, most famous works in the Tang and Song Dynasties, such as Li Bai, Du Fu, Jia Dao, Wei and Liu Yuxi. All of them are examinations, and the limbs of appreciation are all-round tests from the aspects of language, image, skills and theme, and the scriptwriter's works are not repeated; Second, the principle of material selection does not avoid customs. Dream is a dream, in my heart forever, a girl hurt by spring; Wang Dongting, Tijunshan and Mancheng Post described by Du Fu are all beautiful mountains and rivers. The more solemn ones are "Smelling the flute in Los Angeles on a Spring Night", "Night Rain Farewell to Li Zhou" and "Tie Lining's Seclusion". As for Passers-by, I wrote all the details of seclusion. However, in the preparation for the third year of senior high school, the patriotic "sophistry" that most teachers and students pay attention to has never appeared. This also gives us useful enlightenment for preparing for the exam in senior three this year. In the preparation for review in 2003, it is still necessary to drive away the cold and avoid the heat.

Third, the form and prediction of classical poetry appreciation examination in college entrance examination

Question:

(1) What are the main detection forms of classical poetry appreciation in college entrance examination? ：

Induction and clarification: there are three main ways to examine classical poetry in the college entrance examination in recent ten years:

1, the judgment of the meaning of words and phrases in classical poetry; The questions of 1997 and 1998 are about poetry translation ability and poetry comprehension ability.

2. Choose the proposer as the third party's aesthetic judgment, because the limb selection of college entrance examination questions is not the aesthetic experience and emotional verification of candidates, but only as a "judge" who looks on coldly to choose right or wrong. Except for 2002, the rest are almost all in this way.

3. Examining the examinee's aesthetic judgment level and ability of classical poetry in a subjective way. Form of college entrance examination in 2002 and 2003.

(2) The form prediction of classical poetry appreciation in 2004 college entrance examination:

Question: In what way will this year's college entrance examination classical poetry appreciation questions appear?

Clear:

1, the test will not be repeated like the appreciation of new poetry, and it is unlikely that the objective test form will appear before 2002.

2.2004 classical poetry appreciation questions may appear in the following two ways:

A, in 2002, the form test with the image, language, expression skills and ideological content of poetry as the main purpose;

B, the college entrance examination in 2004 may also take a new form, that is, writing an appreciation composition.

Example: Read the following Tang poem and write a paragraph about 100 to describe the psychological activities of a boudoir.

In my heart forever Shen Rujun

It is difficult to send books to geese, and it is also difficult to dream. May the lonely moon shine on Fu Bo camp.

Note: "Fu Bo" refers to Ma Yuan, a general of the later Han Dynasty. He made a contribution to the south and was named Hou. In Tang poetry, "Fu Bo camp" is often used to refer to the military camp where the recruiters are located.

Sunny: At night, the bright moon is in the sky. Living alone, she imagined writing an affectionate letter to her husband at the feet of a wild goose; However, there is no one to pass the book, which adds infinite sadness. This kind of melancholy is difficult to sleep, so it is impossible to reunite with relatives through dreams. She stood up and lingered in front of the window, thinking, I wish I could shine on my relatives in Fu Bo camp like moonlight. Poetry appreciation and reading scanning, Yanbian University Press.

Fourth, the problems that should be paid attention to when reviewing the topics of classical poetry and the review suggestions:

Question: What problems should we pay attention to when reviewing classical poetry?

Clear: 1, pay attention to the accumulation of poetic and perceptual materials.

Recite 30 poems specified in the syllabus and implement them one by one; Poetry in the new textbook should be classified. Familiar with reading and reciting; It will be a representative work of important schools in Tang poetry and Song poetry.

2. Make efforts to know people and discuss the world. Therefore, we must strengthen the review of literary common sense. Although literary common sense is not within the scope of examination, the foundation of literary common sense is not firm, and it is far from "knowing people and discussing the world".

3. We should be familiar with the personal styles of the representative writers in Tang and Song Dynasties: Du Fu's gloomy and frustrated, Li Bai's fresh and elegant, Bai Juyi's reasonable, Du Mu's simple and handsome, and so on.

4, to be clear about the general steps and procedures for doing appreciation questions. 1, overall perception, recognition category; 2. Evaluate the language and refine the words; 3. Experience the artistic conception and observe the image; 4. Highlight skills and distinguish features. 5. Pay attention to auxiliary conditions, such as implicit conditions and explicit conditions such as poem title, author, time, place and small notes.

5. On the basis of known appreciation knowledge, with the help of association and imagination, through comparison, exchange and reconstruction, we can improve our conscious awareness of literary appreciation. Every training at ordinary times should focus on cultivating this awareness.

Five, classroom feedback:

Read the following two poems by Wang Wei and answer the questions.

Chai Lu

No one can be seen in the silent valley, only the voice is heard. The shadow of the sunset shone into the depths of the forest, and the scenery on the moss was pleasant.

An autumn night in the mountains

The empty mountains are bathed in a new rain, and feel the early autumn at night. The bright moon shed clear light from the cracks and cleared the fountain on the rocks.

The bamboo forest is sonorous, the washerwoman returns, and the lotus leaves are swaying to get on the canoe. Spring spring might as well give it a rest, and the autumn sun can stay on the hills for a long time.

Question:

(1) What are the similarities in artistic conception between the two poems?

(2) Please talk about the characteristics of the expressive skills of the two poems respectively? 、

(3) Find the most vivid words or sentences in the two poems.

Clear:

(1) Both poems are based on "empty mountains" and write a quiet and beautiful artistic conception. It is a landscape painting with faded colors, and the picture is vivid.

(2) Chai Lu's performance is characterized by "contrast", with "human language" to contrast its quietness and "returning to the scenery" to contrast its darkness. In Autumn Night in the Deep Mountains, contrast and metaphor are used.

⑶、; A little, as long as it makes sense.

Six, consolidate the exercise:

1. Read the following Tang poems and answer the questions:

Sai Xia Qu Li Bai

The mountains in May are still full of snow, only cold, and the grass can't see the grass. Spring can only be imagined in the flute "Folding Willow", but it has never been seen in reality.

Fight with the golden drum, sleep at night and hold the jade saddle. I hope that the sword hanging around my waist can quickly pacify the border and serve my country.

Question: (1) What kind of thoughts and feelings does poetry show?

(2) Briefly describe the expression of this poem?

2. Read the following two poems and answer the questions:

Chunchan Meng Haoran

Sleeping sickness in spring unconsciously broke the morning, and the chirping of birds disturbed my sleep. How many flowers fall after a stormy night.

Pastoral music Wang Wei

Hearts also contain fresh rain overnight, green willows and a touch of spring smoke. The children at home have not been driven away, and the oriole singing the song of idleness is still sleeping.

(1) both capitals have written "spring sleep". Please point out their differences?

"Spring Dawn":

Pastoral music:

In "Spring Dawn", the poet left a big blank, please explain.

Read the following poem with comments and talk about your understanding of the artistic conception of this poem.

Listen to Zhang's female voice singing in Gao Shi.

Chu Palace's dangerous crown and wide sleeve makeup make you cool at night. Ever since I knocked the Hosta on the bamboo, I have sung a song "Song Like Frost".

A:

4. Read the following poem and answer the following questions.

Drink Du Mu in early winter night.

I am like Ji An, the governor of Huaiyang County, who is often ill. I have a glass of wine to relieve my sorrow. When I am in a foreign land, I only bring first frost with the sleeves of the Qing Dynasty, oil lamps and candles.

Who will lean on the railing next year?

Note: Huaiyang refers to Ji 'an in the Western Han Dynasty. He was exiled many times for his outspoken advice.

(1) What is the theme of this poem? What words can be expressed?

(2) Please choose an example that you think is exemplary in refining words and phrases and comment on it.

⑶ Please analyze the thoughts, feelings and functions of "Who will lean on the railing next year".

Attachment: Reference answer:

1, (1), this poem shows the author's praise for the soldiers on the border and their determination to kill the enemy and serve the country.

(2) The techniques are comparison and allusions. The allusion is the allusion of "folding willow". The so-called contrast, this poem has two places.

(1) Use the desolation of the environment to contrast the heroic spirit of the soldiers in killing the enemy and serving the country.

② Use the homesickness of soldiers to contrast their feelings of defending the border for the country.

2. (1) "Chunxiao" was written from "I woke up briskly this morning in spring". In fact, people have been awake for a long time, so they have the pleasure of "birds singing everywhere" and the suspense of "I don't know how many flowers have been folded", and their artistic conception can be expressed by the word "spring". "Pastoral Music" was written at the end of spring sleep. The falling flowers and the singing of birds set off the home and mood of tourists in the mountains, and its artistic conception was mainly "quiet".

3. A: This poem creates an elegant artistic conception. In the dark blue sky, the autumn moon hangs high, and in the cool leisure room, the poetess is ordered to whisper. The beat of Sion and Hosta knocking on bamboo is floating in the night sky. Frost moon outlines a girl with a high crown and wide sleeves.

Bursts of spring scenery reveal boundless spring scenery and lead readers to nature.

(1) This poem depicts a lonely and depressed poet who drinks by candlelight. It expresses the poet's yearning for his hometown, his resentment against his lack of talent and his hidden pain in his ambition. The word "drink" in the poem title, the words "Huaiyang disease", "guest sleeves are like frost" and "who will come next year" in the poem can all illustrate this point.

(2) The word "invading frost" and "frost" is a pun, which means wind and frost, and also shows the author's lonely and cold state of mind. First frost Invasion adds to the misery of displacement and is full of bitterness.

(3) Expressed the poet's grief and indignation at his lack of talent and ambition.