Investigate the commodity packaging currently circulating in supermarkets, analyze the packaging materials and technical methods adopted, and write a report.

Summary of commodity packaging classification

The classification of commodity packaging is to regard commodity packaging as a set whole within a certain range, and according to certain classification marks or characteristics, it is gradually summarized into several local aggregates with smaller concepts and more consistent characteristics until it is divided into the smallest units. Commodity packaging classification is carried out according to certain purposes and needs. Commodity packaging has different functions in the fields of production, circulation and consumption. Different departments and industries have different requirements for packaging classification and different purposes of classification. According to the characteristics and requirements of their respective industries, packaging industry departments, packaging users departments, commercial departments and packaging research departments use different classification marks and methods to classify packaging. Generally speaking, packaging industry departments are classified according to packaging technology, packaging application scope and packaging materials. Packaging users are mostly classified according to the protective performance and applicability of packaging; Commercial departments are classified according to the business scope and packaging mechanism of commodities; Transportation departments are classified according to different modes and methods of transportation. Because there are many kinds of packages, different classification marks are chosen and classification methods are also varied. According to the selected classification marks, common commodity packaging has the following classification methods:

(A) according to the role of packaging in circulation classification

According to the function of packaging in commodity circulation, it can be divided into transportation packaging and sales packaging.

1. Transport packaging.

It is a large unit packaging form for safe transportation and protection of goods, also known as outer packaging or large packaging. Such as cartons, wooden cases, barrels, collective packaging, pallet packaging, etc. Transport packaging is generally large in size, highly standardized in overall size, durable, widely used in collective packaging, with obvious identification marks printed on the surface. Its main function is to protect commodities and facilitate transportation, loading and unloading and storage.

2. Sell packaging.

Sales packaging refers to the packaging form with one commodity as the sales unit, or the packaging with several single commodities as a small whole, also known as single packaging or small packaging. The general characteristics of sales packaging are small, beautiful, safe, hygienic, novel, easy to carry, and high requirements for printing and decoration. Generally, sales packaging is sold to customers together with commodities, which directly plays a role in protecting commodities, publicizing and promoting commodity sales. At the same time, it also plays a role in protecting high-quality brand-name goods from counterfeiting.

(2) Classification by packaging materials

Taking packaging materials as classification marks, it can generally be divided into cardboard, wood, metal, plastic, glass ceramics, fiber fabrics, composite materials and other packaging.

1. Paper packaging.

This is a package made of paper and cardboard. Including cartons, corrugated boxes, cartons, paper bags, paper tubes, paper barrels and so on. Paper packaging still plays an important role in modern commodity packaging. From the perspective of environmental protection and resource recycling, paper packaging has broad development prospects.

2. Wooden packaging.

It is a package made of wood, wood products and artificial boards (such as plywood and fiberboard). Mainly: wooden cases, wooden barrels, plywood boxes, fiberboard boxes and barrels, wooden pallet, etc.

3. Metal packaging.

Metal packaging refers to all kinds of packaging made of black iron sheet, white iron sheet, tinplate, aluminum foil and aluminum alloy. Mainly include: metal barrels, metal boxes, tinplate and aluminum cans, oil tanks, steel cylinders and so on.

4. Plastic packaging.

Plastic packaging refers to the packaging made of polymer materials with synthetic resin as the main raw material. The main plastic packaging materials are polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polyester (PET) and so on. Plastic packaging mainly includes: plastic boxes, calcium plastic boxes, plastic buckets, plastic boxes, plastic bottles, plastic bags, plastic woven bags and so on. From the perspective of environmental protection, we should pay attention to the white pollution caused by plastic film bags and foam plastic boxes.

5. Glass and ceramic packaging.

Glass-ceramic packaging refers to the packaging made of silicate glass and ceramics. This kind of packaging mainly includes: glass bottles, glass cans, ceramic cans, ceramic bottles, ceramic cans, ceramic cylinders and so on.

6. Packaging of fiber products.

The packaging of fiber products refers to the packaging made of natural fibers such as cotton, hemp, silk and wool and fabrics made of man-made fibers and synthetic fibers. There are mainly sacks, cloth bags and woven bags.

7. Composite packaging.

Composite packaging refers to packaging made of two or more materials, also known as composite packaging. Packaging materials mainly include paper and plastic, plastic and aluminum foil and paper, plastic and aluminum foil, plastic and wood, plastic and glass.

(3) Commodity packaging is classified by sales market.

Commodity packaging can be divided into domestic commodity packaging and export commodity packaging according to different sales markets.

The functions of domestic commodity packaging and export commodity packaging are basically the same, but due to the different logistics environment and sales market at home and abroad, there will be differences between them. The packaging of domestic goods must adapt to the domestic logistics environment and domestic sales market, and conform to the national conditions of China. The packaging of export commodities must adapt to the foreign logistics environment and foreign sales market and meet the different requirements of exporting countries.

(4) Commodity packaging is classified by commodity type.

Commodity packaging can be divided into building materials packaging, agriculture, animal husbandry and aquatic products packaging, food and beverage packaging, light industrial daily necessities packaging, textile and clothing packaging, chemical products packaging, pharmaceutical products packaging, mechanical and electrical products packaging, electronic products packaging, weapons packaging and so on.

The value, use characteristics and protection requirements of various commodities are different, and the required transportation packaging and sales packaging will also be obviously different.

Commodity packaging requirements

Commodity packaging should follow the principle of "scientific, economical, firm, beautiful and marketable", and generally have the following requirements:

(A) the packaging of goods should adapt to the characteristics of goods.

Commodity packaging must be treated with corresponding materials and technologies according to the different characteristics of commodities, so that the packaging fully meets the physical and chemical performance requirements of commodities.

The packaging of food commodities should adopt corresponding materials and technologies according to the different characteristics of food to avoid food deterioration. Pay special attention to the cleanliness and hygiene of the package, seal it against moisture, avoid light and oxygen, and also pay attention to certain compression resistance.

The packaging of industrial products for daily use should not only protect the goods, but also be beautiful and unique, which is convenient for display and use.

(2) The packaging of the goods shall be suitable for the transportation conditions.

In the process of circulation, commodities are easily affected by various external factors such as vibration, impact, pressure, friction, high temperature and low temperature, etc., and are damaged and damaged. In order to protect the safety of goods, it is required that the packaging of goods should have a certain strength, be firm, firm and durable. For different modes and means of transportation, we should also selectively adopt corresponding packaging containers and technical treatment. The overall packaging should adapt to the storage and transportation conditions in the circulation field and meet the strength requirements of transportation, loading and unloading, handling and storage.

(3) Commodity packaging should be standardized, generalized and serialized.

Commodity packaging must be standardized, that is, packaging capacity (weight), packaging materials, structural modeling, specifications, printing marks, terms, packaging methods, etc. Commodity packaging should be unified, and gradually form serialization and generalization, so as to facilitate the production of packaging containers, improve packaging production efficiency, simplify the specifications of packaging containers, save raw materials, reduce costs, be easy to identify and measure, ensure packaging quality and commodity safety, and be conducive to packaging recycling.

In addition, the customs and habits of different consumers, different countries and different nationalities should be considered in commodity packaging. Attention should be paid to the continuous use of modern packaging technology and packaging materials to make packaging lightweight and modern. The pattern design should be novel, the printing should be exquisite, the trademark should be eye-catching, the theme should be vivid, the tone should be harmonious and the style should be unique.