What are the characteristics of Mongolian music?

Mongolian folk songs from the musical characteristics, roughly divided into two categories of "long tone" and "short tone"

I. Introduction

Tongliao City, Mongolia, the Mongolian Sihu, the Mongolian language, "Hou Le", "Hu Wuer", "Huer", the Kangxi dynasty, compiled in the "Ruling Justice After Edition" called the "fiddle". Compiled by the "justice of the law after the compilation" called "fiddle". The Mongolian Sihu is one of the most characteristic Mongolian musical instruments, and is divided into three categories: the soprano Sihu, the alto Sihu, and the bass Sihu. Shape and the Han region of the four hu the same, often using mahogany, rosewood production, the barrel of more than eight square, masked with python skin or cowhide for the surface, the string axle and axle holes without taper, the use of string tension tightly pressed axle holes in order to fix, and some are also in the piano pole, the piano tube inlaid with inlaid inlaid tin pattern as a decorative, fine bamboo system to the horse's tail for the bow, the middle of the bow rod wrapped in a long 10 centimeters of copper skin or inlaid with steel, ivory, the root mounted on a bone or wooden knobs, open the silk or steel wire strings. steel wire strings.

Two, the historical development

Sihu has a long history, it originated in the north of China's Xi Department of the Xiqin. 13th century, the Sihu has been circulating in the Mongolian region. In the 16th century Alatan Khan's palace murals, painted a female musician holding a thin rod-shaped zither pole, tube-shaped sound box, four square with the head of the back end of the zither, the horse's tail bow clamped between the strings to play the musical instruments, and today's Sihu playing the image of exactly the same. The Qing dynasty four hu also known as fiddle, used in court music fandang ensemble, the shape and today's Mongolian four hu only resembles.

After the Yuan Dynasty, the four hu art widely spread, once popular in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang and North China and other Han-dominated areas, the Han folk rap has had a far-reaching impact. Tongliao City, located in the hinterland of the horqin steppe, is currently the most prosperous area of the art of four hu.

Three species and their characteristics

1, soprano sihu

Mongolian bowed stringed musical instruments. Also known as the Mongolian small sihu. It is reformed on the basis of the folk sihu. The tone is clear and crisp, and can be used for solo performance and instrumental ensemble. Popular in Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang and other provinces. The sound is clear, melodious and beautiful, and the volume is large. The left hand has glissando, vibrato, hit, overtone, double tone, double hit, double overtone, etc. The right hand is similar to the erhu. It is mainly used for solo performance, recital and instrumental ensemble. It is often played with the alto Sihu, Ma Touqin, Sanxian, YaTuoGa or HuoBuSi. The more famous soprano sihu players include Sun Liang, Chao Lu, Wu Yunlong, Zhao Shuanghu, Qing Gelertu and Mandula. The traditional music of soprano sihu includes: "Eight Tones", "Flower Waist Tune", "Hoying Flower", "Han Xiuying", "Indrema", "Nong Enjia", "Asr", "Catching the Road", etc. The created music includes: "Twelve Tones of the Mongolian Eight Tones", "Twelve Tones of the Asr", "East Mongolian Folk Songs", "Joyful Prairie", "White Stallion", "Herding Horses", "Horses", and "Horses Taming Hands".

2, alto sihu

Mongolian bowed stringed musical instruments. Popular in Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang and other provinces and regions of the agricultural and semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral areas. The shape is the same as the bass sihu, slightly smaller. The drum is cylindrical, made of thin brass plate rolled and welded, with a length of 16 centimeters and a diameter of 10 centimeters; the front mouth of the drum is covered with python skin or cowhide, and the mouth of the drum is fastened with a copper hoop; the back end of the drum is open, and the mouth is provided with a copper frame. The headstock is made of a block of mahogany or sandalwood with a total length of 90 centimeters. The head of the instrument is flat, with four shafts, four silk strings or copper strings, and two bundles of horsetail bowed on thin bamboo, with a bow length of 68 centimeters. The bow is 68 centimeters long. The playing posture, method and technique are the same as that of the bass sihu. The alto sihu has two octaves, and its tone is round and bright. It can be used for solo performance, repertoire, instrumental ensemble or as accompaniment for rap music such as story-telling and singing. It is the main alto instrument in Sihu repertoire and folk music ensemble. It is often played together with the soprano sihu, and in ensemble with the soprano sihu, horse-head qin, sanxian, and huobusi. Some of the more famous alto sihu players are Sun Liang, Chao Lu, Wu Yunlong, Zhao Shuanghu, and Qing Gelertu. Alto sihu solo repertoire and soprano sihu the same, adapted sihu repertoire of "Asr", "old eight board" and "Mongolia eight sound" and so on.