Classical music Romantic music Folk music Modern music

1Classical music in the broad sense refers to Western classical music, those created in the context of mainstream European culture from the Western Middle Ages to the present day, and is distinguished from popular and folk music mainly by its complex and varied compositional techniques and the heavy connotations it can carry.

2Classical music in the narrow sense refers to classical music, which is the mainstream music of Europe in the period of 1750-1820, also known as the Viennese Classical School. The three most famous composers of this school are Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven. When it comes to European classical music, we can't help but mention the music of the Elizabethan and Gregorian periods of the Middle Ages, in which the dominant music was religious music! The people's belief in and worship of Christ at that time directly affected the politics and music of the society at that time. The music at that time, which was purely for religious purposes, was limited to singing in churches without musical instruments, but it played an important role in the future development of music!

By 1450, European music began to enter the Renaissance period, because of the political instability of Europe, the prestige and power of the Holy See began to weaken, the bourgeoisie budding, in order to adapt to the development of society and people's new ideas, music began to promote the idea of people-oriented, so in all areas of the Renaissance movement began, that is when the traditional European The major and minor modes were gradually formed!

Europe began in the 1600s, entering a period of great development - the Baroque period, which not only produced great composers such as the well-known Bach and Handel, but also operas, concertos, sonatas, and other subjects were created and developed one after another.

When European music entered the classical period, that is, after the death of Bach in 1750, there was no successor to the European polyphony, and the style of music turned to a simple and practical tone, and at that time, there were three masters of music: the "saint of music," Beethoven, the "prodigy" Mozart, and the "symphony" Mozart, and the "symphony" Mozart. Beethoven, Mozart, and Haydn, the father of the symphony! The theme of music also changed from religious music, which had lasted for centuries, to classical music, which was rich in philosophical connotations!

After Beethoven's death in 1827, the period of rigorous classicism ended. At that time, Europe was undergoing the baptism of Romanticism, and the composers of that time regarded composition as a means of expressing their inner feelings, and the aesthetics of music was further developed, resulting in musical expressions such as showmanship! Such as Paganini, Liszt and so on were the most popular performers at that time! Music performance, style is also increasingly rich, there are a number of national music language for the creation of national composers, such as Finland's Sibelius, Norway's Grieg, Russia's five strong group, etc., are the great composers of the national school of music ~

Time to enter the 19th century, the emergence of Debussy as the leader of the Impressionist music! The music was very colorful and had the same style as the paintings of the time!

In the late Romantic period, when the European tonal system was at its height and at its end, I have to mention composers such as Rachmaninov and Mahler, who developed the traditional European compositional method to its fullest extent, and, of course, included new attempts, with such grandiose works as Mahler's Eighth Symphony, "A Thousand Choirs". Then there was Stravinsky, whose neo-classicism, which exalted polyphony and counterpoint and employed polytonality, played a crucial role in the later transition from traditional compositional methods to avant-garde music!

Time came to the end of the nineteenth century, the beginning of the twentieth century, music and a breakthrough in the development of composers starting with Webern to break the twelve-tone compositional method, abandoning nearly 400 years of European tonal system, the invention of the twelve-tone sequence, followed by the emergence of atonal and other forms of music, such as Schoenberg at the time is representative! After the World War, technology became more advanced, people's minds became richer, electronic music appeared, as well as cultural exchanges between countries continued to merge, resulting in a richer and more diversified form of music! After 1945, music was called avant-garde music, which shook people's view of the beauty of music, and became more theoretical, producing forms of music that people could not understand, such as silent music, noise, and microdifferential tones!

Note: According to the broad definition of classical music: from the 17th century to the 19th century professional music creation, impressionist music and modern music are not classified as classical music; according to the strict definition of classical music, classical refers to the music works of Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven and so on.

Medieval Period (before 1450)

This period was dominated by the collection of monophonic songs sung in churches and preserved by the Roman Catholic Church. Most of them are used in two kinds of liturgy: the first is the Mass, with lyrics commemorating Christ's Last Supper and his dedication, which is the center of the church's ritual; the second is the Daily Lesson, which is the eight lessons of the Sacrament sung every day in the monasteries, and mainly based on the psalms. RECOMMENDED: GREGORIAN CHANT

The Baroque period (c. 1600-1750 AD)

The music of this period is the precursor of the modern recital. Baroque music under the composers' hands was characterized by obvious traits: splendor, complexity, ornamentation, distortion, and an emphasis on the surreal and the majestic, all of which were compatible with each other. If the Renaissance era (and later the Classical era) represented order and clarity of expression, the Baroque era (and later the Romantic era) represented turmoil, unrest and doubt. Four-part harmony, and figured bass with textual chords, all arose in the Baroque era; the disappearance of the old ecclesiastical modes, and the rise of the major and minor scale systems and the related tonalities that have been used up to the present day were major events in the Baroque era. In addition, the idea of rhythm also sprouted in this era, that is, in the music score to add bar lines. These forms were later directly derived from sonatas, symphonies, concertos, preludes and variations. But the Baroque era was also characterized by a number of free-form compositions, such as the staccato, the fantasia, the overture, and the thematic parody (the ancient fantasia).

Classicism (1750-1820)

This period is also known as the "Viennese Classical School" or "Viennese Classical School" because the three representative figures of the period, Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven, lived and composed mainly in Vienna. Among the writers of this period, Mozart's serenades and divertimentos are very intimate. Haydn's Cello Concertos No. 1 and No. 2 are also suitable for beginners. As for Beethoven's works, the booming sound is at your fingertips, and I personally appreciate his violin sonata "Spring", piano sonata "Pathétique", "Passion" and "Moonlight".

From the classical period of development to the Romanticism (Romanticism) (about 1820-1900 AD)

This period of music pay more attention to the expression of the spiritual realm and subjective feelings of the people, the performance of natural scenery is also more prominent, the creation of the use of ethnic and folk music is more important and frequent. In the mid- to late 19th century, national music schools appeared, which took the revitalization of national music as their responsibility. New genres of solo instrumental music appeared, such as nocturne, improvisation, narrative, harmonic, fantasia and song without words. The works of this period have a variety of styles, each with its own unique characteristics, the introductory repertoire includes Schubert's Selected Art Songs, The Beautiful Mill Maiden; Chopin's Nocturne, Piano Concerto No. 2; Mendelssohn's Violin Concerto, Piano Concerto No. 1 and No. 2; Wagner's Opera Overtures; Brahms Symphonies No. 1 and No. 3; Tchaikovsky Violin Concerto No. 1, Piano Concerto No. 1; Rachmaninoff Piano Concerto No. 2, Paganini Theme and Variations; Lalo's Spanish Symphony; Ravel's Piano Concerto in G major.

Twentieth-century works include Britten's Orchestral Guidelines for Young People and Sinfonietta, Stravinsky's Paucinella and Petroshka, and Prokofiev's Piano Sonata No. 7 and Piano Concerto No. 1. The Symphonic Variations on a Theme of Weber and the Symphony of the Painter Mathis by German composer Hundemütter are recommended, as well as The Horse Rodeo and A Plain Man's Horn by American composer Copland.

Folk music is from the folk, circulated in the folk, the expression of folk life, production of songs or music - folk music is in a certain nation, a certain culture and social group *** have and inherit the music of the general term

(you do not say which country's folk music)

p>Chinese folk music is divided into: folk songs, folk song and dance music, folk instrumental music, folk rap music, and folk opera music

Introduction to modern music (mordern music)

Modern music is a general term for a variety of musical genres since the beginning of the twentieth century, and it includes:

(1) Impressionism. Represented by the works of French musicians Debussy and Ravel, and American musician Foster. Such as:

"Pastoral Dancing Queen", "Moonlight", "Old Negro", "hometown relatives", "Suzanne", "Reflections in the Water" and so on.

(2) slave music. Represented by the United States Gershwin, Groovy. Encompassing the expansion of rock and roll, blues, disco. Such as:

"Rhapsody in Orchid", "An American in Paris", "Grand Canyon Suite" and so on.

(3) Realism. With the Soviet musician Shostakovich's Symphony No. 1, Symphony No. 7, Song of the Forest and so on.

(4) Modern technique. Represented by Viennese musician Schoenberg's "Warsaw Survivor".

(5) Electronic music. Represented by "Pluto" and "Ode to Earth".

(6) Mood music. Represented by French Clayderman's Narrative of Adeline.