Landscape design principles of residential areas

Landscape design principles of residential areas

With the development of the real estate market, people's requirements for residential products are getting higher and higher, from showing off wealth to pursuing higher quality of life. The planning and design of residential areas, especially high-grade villas, is also moving closer to humanization, and outdoor space is also attracting more designers' attention. So what are the principles of residential landscape design? Let's have a look!

A, residential landscaping tree species planning

1, the significance of greening tree species planning in residential areas:

The planning of greening tree species is an important link related to the success or failure of landscaping work in residential areas. To sum up, tree species planning has the following significance:

(1) Save time, see early results, and avoid the loss of manpower, material resources and financial resources.

(two) can fully explore the local tree resources, rich garden tree species.

(3) In terms of greening materials, local characteristics can be formed.

(4) Provide basis for seedling planning.

2, the principle of residential garden tree species planning

(1) Give priority to local tree species, and appropriately select exotic tree species. Native tree species are most suitable for local conditions, with strong resistance and strong growth. At the same time, you can also choose exotic tree species that have been introduced, domesticated and tested for a long time in local or nearby towns to enrich the species of greening trees.

(2) give priority to with arbor species, pay attention to the combination of arbor and irrigation.

Trees are the backbone of garden trees, which have good functions of regulating climate and improving environment. However, the combination of shape and space should be considered in tree configuration, so that the shapes, colors and organizations of different trees can be mixed and mixed with each other intensively, and the levels and spaces can be varied. Therefore, proper shrubs, vines, flowers and lawn plants should also be matched in the greening configuration.

(3) Deciduous trees should be matched with evergreen trees.

China has a vast territory, and the natural geographical conditions between the north and the south are quite different. The greening tree species in the northern region should be mainly deciduous trees, and both species and quantity should be absolutely dominant. In the northern region, the winter is long, all the leaves fall off after winter, and the urban environment is particularly bleak. In order to enrich the landscape of this area, we should also choose a certain kind and quantity of evergreen trees.

(d) Both fast-growing trees and slow-growing trees should be planted.

Fast-growing trees can bring benefits in a short time, which is very important for greening. However, these trees generally have a short life span and need to be updated every 20-30 years, so we should consider cultivating and planting slow-growing trees. Greening is a long-term plan. In the early stage of villa construction, it is completely appropriate to plant a large number of fast-growing trees in order to accelerate the general greening of the community. However, with the proliferation of landscaping in residential areas, we should consider planting appropriate and precious slow-growing trees (that is, longevity trees) to improve the' benefit' of greening.

Second, the residential landscape design principles

1, reflecting local characteristics and the principle of adapting measures to local conditions.

The principle of "adapting measures to local conditions" is the most important principle in China's classical gardening theory, which has been used by ancient gardeners in China for a long time.

Modern residential areas, although different from a specific classical garden, should also embody the principle of "adapting to local conditions" in detailed planning, and the principle of "adapting to local conditions" is not limited to the design of single buildings and outdoor landscapes, but permeates planning, guiding meditation, functional zoning, project setting and other aspects.

2. People-oriented design principle

In landscape design, we constantly explore and study the relationship between environmental space and human behavior and follow the design principle of "people-oriented". People are the main body of residential areas, and meeting the needs of residents is the concrete embodiment of people-oriented. Due to the change of global environment and climate, the degree of environmental pollution is constantly changing and deepening, the ecological environment of the earth is gradually being destroyed, and the species of animals and plants are decreasing sharply. People are more and more aware of the environment in residential areas, and they are eager to improve the health and comfort of residential areas. The concept of "people-oriented" came into being. Therefore, "people-oriented" is particularly important in the environmental landscape design of residential areas.

3. Ecological design principles

The purpose of ecological park is to provide people with a virtuous circle of living environment; Establish scientific artificial plant community structure, time structure, spatial structure and food chain structure, make full use of green plants, convert solar energy into chemical energy, improve solar energy utilization rate and bioenergy conversion rate, and adjust ecological balance; Make full use of reclaimed water system, reduce sewage discharge, improve wastewater utilization rate and effectively save resources; Improve the artistic level in a green environment and create a clean, beautiful and civilized ecological environment for mankind.

Third, the greening design with community characteristics.

1. Greening configuration of residential area

There are many trees and shrubs in the public space, which are scattered at different levels and alternate in groups, forming an open and closed space; The planting between houses emphasizes the patchwork shape, and trees, shrubs, grass flowers and ground covers are distributed in layers, achieving a spatial effect of 3-5 layers.

The private space in the hospital is mainly ginkgo, persimmon, begonia, cherry blossom, magnolia and pentagram, with a small amount of evergreen trees, various flowering shrubs, ground cover plants and flowers; Ginkgo biloba, begonia, clove, etc. Used to cover the separation between two courtyards to increase the privacy between courtyards.

2. Spatial layout of residential areas

A 4.5-meter signboard is set at the entrance of the community, which is brightly colored and has a strong contrast between space and color, giving people a logo; The main road is 18m wide (including green belt) along the slope, with neat street trees planted on both sides, which is solemn and profound, giving people a strong visual impact.

Organic combination of public space and private courtyard. The courtyard is semi-enclosed and the front yard is open. Before entering the house, trees and shrubs are used to separate the indicating space, and wooden fences with a height of 1.5 meters are used to transition the left, right and back, which increases the privacy of each other and does not appear stiff, so that each single building is hidden in the green trees, independent and not isolated.

The principle of "big on the left and small on the right" is mainly adopted in the division of villa courtyards, that is, buildings are distributed horizontally, and the left side is divided into the main activity space of the courtyards as large as possible, with a general width of 8-12m; Reduce the area on the right side, generally 6-8 meters, and try to leave space for the adjacent courtyard.

3. Sketch of plot scene

According to their different styles and functions, each courtyard is decorated with water features, rockeries, verandahs, waterfalls, sculptures, barbecue tables, swings and so on. And various ornaments such as pottery pots, flowerpots, flower boxes, pet rooms, ornaments and the like, so as to increase the flavor of life and the scene effect.

4. Functional requirements of the community

Among the three model courtyards reconstructed, Building 1 is designed as a temporary clubhouse: a wooden platform is temporarily laid overhead at the entrance of the original garage, on which leisure tables and chairs and sun umbrellas are placed, and flower boxes are arranged around it for the owners to discuss casually; The trees on the left side are shaded, and paving platforms, tables and chairs are set under the shade, which leads directly to the backyard through the garden road; The combined wall on the north side is a four-meter-high waterfall waterscape, and its east and west sides are stepped up to form a leisure platform seat and a wooden veranda, which are solemn and spectacular; There are wooden platforms, sculpture fountains, barbecue tables and leisure seats between the building and the waterfall, and the space is open, which is suitable for holding various small-scale activities; The pavilion and the "jungle" on the east side are quiet and elegant.

Exhibition Hall of Building No.8: The discussion area is in the right corner, with a high platform, along the steps, Aquarius column railings, built-in tables and chairs, surrounded by trees, private and quiet; The rear side is the activity area, and two low-wall planting ponds not only solve the height difference, but also increase the layering of planting; The low wall, barbecue table and activity platform are ingeniously combined, which is the main activity place for families and tourists. With trees such as Shushu and cherry blossoms as the background, privacy is also guaranteed. On the back is a metal flower stand connected with the building, and the garden road passes through the bottom to form a small circular platform, corresponding to the back door, and the wisteria on the flower stand is lush; On the left is the sightseeing and leisure area, with pools, seats, umbrellas, pottery pots and tree-lined, and life is very rich.

Exhibition yard of 12 building: a square platform outside the front yard, with a small pool and a water-spraying pottery pot in one corner, just the right size; The rectangular veranda and paving platform on the left are dignified and dignified, surrounded by dense trees, and are leisure places; There are three scattered landscape walls on the right side of the garden road, which cut off the line of sight of the main road outside the courtyard and solved the effect and privacy well. Backyard barbecue table, swing seat, pool and rockery are the main places for family activities and family patty; There is a wooden platform and wooden railing in one corner of the pool, which forms a space alone, equipped with a sun umbrella and a seat for leisure reading, which complement each other; There are rocks (poorly piled), low walls, steps, pavilions and dense forests on the right to solve the height difference and increase privacy.

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Principles of commercial street landscape design

1, principle of human nature

Pedestrian commercial street has positive spatial nature and is a special element of urban space. It not only shows its physical form, but is generally regarded as a place for communication between people, and its service object is people after all. The scale of the street, the pavement and the equipment of the sketch should be human.

2. Ecological principles

Ecological tendency is a mainstream in 2 1 century. Pay attention to the green environment construction of pedestrian commercial street, and effectively reduce noise and waste gas pollution by paying attention to greening.

3. Be good at using and protecting traditional characteristics.

Many commercial pedestrian streets are planned on streets with historical traditions. Those prestigious old shops and antique traditional buildings, like historical painting fatigue, will add luster to the pedestrian commercial street. When designing pedestrian commercial streets in these areas, attention should be paid to protecting the original features and not to carry out large-scale transformation. For example, Nanjing Confucius Temple Commercial Street and Tianjin Ancient Culture Street all belong to this nature.

4. The principle of identifiability

It is the instinct of human beings and animals to form and identify the environment. An identifiable environment can enhance people's experience of the environment and give them a sense of security psychologically. Recognizability can be enhanced through the retraction of pedestrian mall space, the change of interface and the embellishment of signs.

5. Create a relaxed, pleasant and comfortable environment.

Pedestrian street is a place where people are concentrated. People are busy shopping and entertainment outside the mall, and it is easy to get nervous. Through the intervention of natural environment, this kind of tension can be greatly alleviated and a relaxed, pleasant and comfortable environment atmosphere can be created.

6. Respect historical principles

Keep the natural form as much as possible and avoid digging, because the natural form has the aesthetic characteristics of promoting the happy survival and development of human beings.

7, the principle of visual continuity

The linear and spatial design of pedestrian mall, from the perspective of pedestrian walking, has the appearance of four-dimensional space and should be smooth, continuous and predictable linear and spatial.

Five elements of commercial landscape

1, pavement

Commercial pavement design is an important part of urban commercial pedestrian street, which fully embodies the principle of individuality and creates its unique charm. Reasonable application and planning of paving materials and colors in the design, as a landscape, can beautify the walking environment of commercial street, add color to the overall atmosphere of commercial street, and make shoppers have a relaxed, comfortable and leisure shopping atmosphere.

2. landscape sketch

Landscape sketch design is the crowning touch in the landscape. Generally speaking, decorations with small size and simple colors can play a role in embellishing and brightening the space. There are many kinds of landscape sketches in the commercial space environment, including practical sketches such as seats, signs, lamps and dustbins; There are also sculptures, murals, antiques, pendants and other beautification sketches that highlight culture and atmosphere; There are even service experience facilities such as gyms and game rooms.

3. Water landscape

Water landscape is also the most ecological element in shopping centers, and it is the most diverse form and construction method among landscape elements. Water can not only soften the rigid pavement, but also increase the appreciation and interactivity of the landscape.

4. Lighting equipment

As an important part of shopping center design, landscape lighting has the functions of lighting, artistic decoration and beautifying the environment, and creates a pleasant landscape atmosphere with changeable shapes, gorgeous colors and different brightness.

5. Plant landscape

Greening is one of the indispensable elements of shopping centers, which not only has certain ornamental value, but also helps to purify the air, reduce noise, adjust the microclimate, and bring people physical comfort and emotional pleasure.

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