What are the parts of the human nervous system? What are their functions?

The nervous system is the main system in the body. All kinds of information of internal and external environment are received by receptors, transmitted to the centers of brain and spinal cord through peripheral nerves for integration, and then controlled and regulated by peripheral nerves to maintain the relative balance between the body and internal and external environment. The nervous system consists of nerve cells (neurons) and glia. The nervous system is divided into central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.

The nervous system can be divided into:

1) Central nervous system: including brain and spinal cord. The brain is located in the cranial cavity and the spinal cord is located in the spinal canal.

2) Peripheral nervous system: including 12 pairs of cranial nerves connected with the brain and 3 1 pair of spinal nerves connected with the spinal cord.

Peripheral nervous system can be divided into

1) Somatic nervous system: Also known as animal nervous system, it contains somatic sensory and motor nerves, mainly distributed in skin and motor system (bones, osseointegration and skeletal muscle), and manages skin sensory and motor nerve sensory and motor.

2) Visceral nervous system: also known as autonomic nervous system, it is mainly distributed in viscera, cardiovascular system and glands, and manages their senses and movements. It contains visceral sensory (afferent) nerve and visceral motor (efferent) nerve, and is divided into sympathetic nerve and parasympathetic nerve according to function.

The functions of human organs and systems are directly or indirectly controlled by the nervous system, which plays a leading role in the whole regulatory system. The human body is a complex organism, and the functions of various organs and systems are not isolated, they are interrelated and mutually restricted; At the same time, the human body lives in a constantly changing environment, and changes in the environment affect various functions in the body at any time. This requires rapid and perfect adjustment of various functions in the body to adapt the body to changes in the internal and external environment. The system that realizes this regulation function is mainly the nervous system. Belongs to connective tissue.

The basic structure of the nervous system

The nervous system consists of nerve cells (neurons) and glia.