2020 Thesis (IV): How to effectively design Chinese homework in primary schools.

Homework practice is the extension and continuation of classroom teaching, the promotion and synthesis of classroom content, and the application and migration of subject knowledge. Reasonable Chinese homework helps students to better master knowledge and skills, develop their thinking, feelings and values, and form their own thinking habits that they are willing to explore, so as to fully realize the educational and teaching goals. At present, the teaching of various subjects is undergoing in-depth reform. How to effectively design Chinese homework in primary schools? According to my years of teaching practice, I can implement it from the following five aspects:

First of all, the homework design should highlight the interest.

Educator ushinski said: "Forced learning without the slightest interest will stifle students' desire to explore. "Chinese Curriculum Standards" points out: "Starting from students' familiar life situations, choose things that are conducive to students' survival needs, thus stimulating students' interest in learning. "Interesting homework should be closely related to students' real life and should be implemented from the following three aspects:

1, do your homework in the game

For primary school students, games are everyone's favorite activity. We try to put Chinese homework into students' extracurricular games so that children can finish their homework effectively through games. For example, to learn how to find synonyms, we can design a "find friends" game, so that students can quickly find the words they are looking for from dozens of given words. This method can not only cultivate children's agile thinking ability, but also make children fall in love with Chinese from fun. Mr. Ye Shengtao, an educator, once said that Chinese learning is actually how teachers stimulate students' interest in learning Chinese.

Step 2 do your painting homework

Chinese is a comprehensive subject, and many teachers have a misunderstanding that Chinese should not be assigned painting homework, which is biased. For example, after learning an ancient poem, in order to expand the poet's writing artistic conception, the teacher can give students painting assignments, that is, draw a picture according to the meaning of the poem. In the process of painting, children should remember the meaning of the poem and the artistic conception of the whole poem Drawing homework is very intuitive for primary school students, and children especially like it.

Step 3 do your homework in the scene

Some written stories are convenient for students to perform plays. We can let the children go home and perform with their parents or grandparents. For example, after learning the story of fisherman and golden fish, you can give your children homework, let them play different roles, and let them perform with their families when they get home.

Second, homework design should reflect life.

Tao Xingzhi, a famous educator, said, "Life is education." The subject of Chinese is everywhere in life. In the design of Chinese homework, we should especially reflect the characteristics of Chinese life.

1, pay attention to the intuition of life

Children's world is particularly simple, so design homework should pay attention to intuition about life. For example, after learning Mother's Affection, we can design homework for our children: (1) What did my mother do for me that I will never forget? (2) What should I do for my mother from what she has done? (3) Write a children's poem, reflecting the loving mother's affection. Through this kind of homework, let children pay special attention to their mother's hard work and dedication from their own side, and feel maternal love from intuitive behavior.

2. Emphasize the richness of life.

Nowadays, Chinese teaching pays special attention to the concept of big Chinese, that is, Chinese returns to life and touches the society. Some people think that children should not be brought into society as soon as possible, but I think children can learn some simple social phenomena around them. For example, after learning about the sun, you can do some investigation exercises about the sun for your children. "What is the surface temperature of the sun? How big is the sun? Why does the sun look so small? What is the relationship between the sun and the earth? What would the world be like without the sun? What else do you know about the sun? " These questions are to encourage children to consult online, and some need children to consult their elders. Through such learning, children's awareness of autonomous learning is stimulated.

Third, homework design should be hierarchical.

Educator Suhomlinski said: "Education means respecting children's learning differences." Yes, there are dozens of children in a class, and there will inevitably be differences in the learning process. When assigning homework to children, we must grade them. I usually give students homework, which is divided into three categories: difficult, medium and easy. The top students in the class do difficult problems and expand their thinking depth; Students with learning difficulties in the class do easy problems in order to cultivate their interest in learning. Medium-sized students are suitable for homework above medium level. The hierarchical design of homework is conducive to the training and development of every student in the class to varying degrees.

The hierarchical structure of job design should pay special attention to the following two points:

1, access approval should be in place. Different levels of homework will increase the workload of teachers. Homework can be corrected at one time. Now homework is graded, and teachers should correct it regardless of grade. Here, you can use Excellence to make up the difference, that is, let the top students correct the homework of the students with learning difficulties, and the homework teacher of the middle students can correct it. In this way, students can help students with learning difficulties learn from top students, and the workload of teachers will also be reduced.

2. Exercise design should be scientific. Some of our teachers are always afraid of trouble when designing homework and don't study. Either the problems that students with learning difficulties do are too difficult, or the problems that top students do are too simple. This requires teachers to choose exercises according to the requirements of the syllabus.

Fourth, homework design should reflect practicality.

The ultimate goal of all our teaching is to apply it in daily life, and the application can't be separated from a practical problem. Every time we design Chinese homework, we should highlight a practical feature from the concept. Only in this way can our teaching be useful and our homework be effective. To embody practicality in the design of Chinese homework in primary schools, we must grasp the following three points:

1. Cultivate students' innovative consciousness with Chinese practice homework. Because there is no basic model to restrain students, Chinese practice homework can be completed freely according to their own life experience and collective wisdom, which provides students with a practical process of active participation and independent inquiry. In the process of rich practice, there are many innovative factors, so students must carry out creative exploration and practice in order to improve their innovative consciousness and tap their innovative potential. For example, after teaching "On young chinese", children can be led to visit the Red Revolutionary Base, especially to consult the history of Liang Qichao, so as to encourage them to set up lofty ideals, study hard and become useful talents of the motherland.

2. Expand the space for students to explore freely with Chinese practical homework. Practical homework provides students with free development space because of its various forms, wide content and flexibility. Each student can choose the content of the exercise according to his own knowledge, ability and life experience, combined with his own conditions. In a flexible and independent atmosphere, their potential is developed and their personality is developed. It is beneficial to improve students' application awareness and cultivate their ability to be diligent in practice and be good at life. After learning "The Beauty of Four Seasons", let the students look up relevant materials and understand the different characteristics of the four seasons, so as to pave the way for understanding the theme of this lesson.

3. Cultivate students' comprehensive ability with Chinese practical homework. Traditional homework often only pays attention to the cultivation of students' basic knowledge and ability, while practical homework needs observation, operation, production, investigation, analysis, induction and sorting. In this process, students' various abilities have been exercised and improved. At the same time, Chinese practice is very comprehensive, and a Chinese practice may involve a lot of knowledge other than Chinese, so it is necessary to use this knowledge reasonably to achieve the purpose of practice. In addition, because Chinese practical homework has gone out of the classroom, it can not be completed only by thinking ability, but also by communicating with others and seeking cooperation, so it can promote the development of students' comprehensive quality.

Five, homework design should strengthen pertinence.

Because primary school students' ability of analysis and judgment is not strong, before designing Chinese homework, we must make clear the goal of this homework training. According to my observation, many teachers assign homework to children at will, which is not conducive to the construction of children's knowledge system. Chinese homework design, this time can't be the same as last time, don't always let children repeat homework, so children will feel tired of learning. In the design of Chinese homework, we should pay special attention to the following three points to enhance pertinence:

1, the word "new" should be highlighted in the pertinence of homework. I once met a teacher. Every time he assigns Chinese homework, he always copies new words and words three times. For example, when he reaches the tenth class, he also asks his students to copy the words in the first class. When I asked him why, he said, "Practice makes perfect". Repeated copying will naturally be familiar to the heart. Once, I personally looked at the children's copying situation, which surprised me. There are many typos. It seems that copying more times does not necessarily mean writing proficiency. Here, I realize a truth: the design of Chinese homework should highlight the word "new", that is, homework should be specially designed for the teaching content of the day, and the span of homework design should not be too big. Of course, it is ok to go back to review in a month or two.

2. The pertinence of homework should highlight the word "real". Some teachers worry that parents have opinions and design homework for their children in a flashy way. According to the children's learning situation, we arrange homework and design homework on the premise of pertinence. Homework practice is to solve problems. Don't be greedy when assigning homework, but carefully choose exercises, and the topics are to the point. Let students' homework become a barometer of children's feedback learning.

3, the pertinence of homework should highlight a "live" word. Copy new words five times. This kind of homework is very rigid. If copying new words is designed as a game activity to fill in the blanks or pick peaches to find friends, it will be much more effective than copying. According to my years of experience, the key reason why some teachers can't do their homework is that the word "lazy" is in the way. The flexible application of homework design should use both hands and brains, and highlight the "lively" characteristics of homework from the interest and flexibility of homework.