What does Dante's chair look like? Look at the evolution of western furniture

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Ancient Egypt

Ancient Egypt (3500-30 century BC) I think you will know more or less that it is

What does Dante's chair look like? Look at the evolution of western furniture

catalogue

Ancient Egypt

Ancient Egypt (3500-30 century BC) I think you will know more or less that it is full of wisdom and mystery, and its furniture is also mysterious. Its main features are animal legs, flying wings, snakes, crowns and gold armchairs. But these all symbolize rights, and not everyone can have them.

Gusia

In ancient Asia (3500 BC-7th century BC), the division of rights still existed, but in furniture, it began to be more detailed, including relief stone carvings, snail patterns, earrings, cushions and so on.

ancient Greece

In ancient Greece (BC 1 1- 1 century), we should have heard some legends and felt the wisdom and romance of people at that time, so the furniture was light and simple, and the heavy pedals were cancelled. In the past, furniture was deliberately made very heavy and high, and we needed to put pedals on it before we could sit on it. But in ancient Greece, we can see that the folk customs at that time were more liberal and democratic.

Caravaggio painted the scene of Medusa being beheaded in ancient Greek mythology.

A replica of Chris Moss's chair

ancient Rome

You don't need to know about ancient Rome (9th-4th century BC), but you can't have never heard of it. Ancient Rome advocated strength and power, so furniture lost its original sense of elegance and was very creative. The first X-shaped cross folding stool was born. Of course, only men with power can sit on it. Other furniture materials, such as marble tables, have also been developed, with elements such as myths and birds.

Medieval period

In the Middle Ages (AD 476- 1453), there was no breakthrough in furniture. Pay attention to the name of this period. Which two are in the middle? In fact, it is between ancient Rome and Renaissance. The two stages are too common ~ they don't even deserve the name, but the later Gothic is quite distinctive ~

Among them, Byzantine (AD 395- 1453) decorations have many religious meanings, mainly gold and blue.

Romanesque furniture (9th century-12nd century) mainly imitates ancient Roman furniture, which is mainly embodied in architecture, sculpture, painting and fine arts. It imitates the arches, eaves caps and columns of ancient Roman architecture. Etiquette chairs are generally bronze X-shaped, and most of them are lathe wood.

Ancient Roman architecture-Colosseum

Romanesque furniture, bronze folding chairs and wooden chairs

Gothic (12-15th century)

Let's start with the origin of the word Goth. Raphael criticized the new architectural style after Romanesque in his letter to the church, which means "barbarism".

The architecture of this period is still stylized, and the representative buildings are Notre Dame de Paris, Canterbury Cathedral in England, Cologne Cathedral in Germany, etc.

Cologne Cathedral

Notre Dame Cathedral

The Renaissance

Then there is the world-famous Renaissance! The Renaissance originated in Italy, with light furniture and elastic materials, such as velvet, spun silk and leather, which represented Casa Chair, Dante Chair and savona Chair.

Dante's chair is famous because the Italian poet Dante likes to use this folding armchair with four S-shaped thick legs.

From Italy to the French Renaissance, it was because Henry I's son married medici family that Italian furniture became popular. By Henry IV, French art actually began to decline. Until Louis XIII, his mother was from medici family, and his queen was Spanish. These two styles were mixed in France, which made French furniture fire again. Later furniture was simple and practical.

Then the English Renaissance, Henry VIII, or Gothic style, lacking romance. It was not until Elizabeth I really embarked on the road of revival, representing melon-shaped decoration, which lasted until the pre-jacobin period.

The Spanish Renaissance, with no special features, is diversified, representing Mudhar style and silversmith style. Most of the furniture materials in the Renaissance were walnut.

baroque

1at the end of the 6th century1at the beginning of the 7th century, the whole European artistic style began to enter the baroque era, which is the inevitable product of the peak of the Renaissance, and can be said to be the continuation and deformation of the Renaissance style.

Popular science explained the origin of the word "Baroque", which originated from the Portuguese word "barrocco", meaning deformed pearl, which means twisted, grotesque and irregular. It's a title given by some neoclassical theorists at the end of18th century. They don't quite agree with the art of their predecessors.

Baroque takes the romantic spirit as the starting point of design and pursues grandeur, vividness and enthusiasm.

The building represents St. Peter's Cathedral, and the most prominent feature of the furniture is the high relief decoration such as columns, columns and lions.

It is also the first one in Italy. Furniture has many characteristics, such as carving+bronzing, spiral legs, X-shaped or H-shaped legs, dignified and luxurious, and beautiful curves.

Under the influence of Louis XIV, French Baroque has matured and become a model of European Baroque. Its curve is light and elegant, but it is still exaggerated, representing the easy chair.

The easiest way to distinguish baroque from rococo is to look at the gears that pull the feet. Baroque was cumbersome.

English Baroque can be divided into two stages. One is charles ii's dissatisfaction with the abstinence-oriented life in the Republic of China, and the high society has returned to luxury, which also provides an opportunity for the development of art, which is characterized by patterns, lathe components, high chairs, straight and square panels, slender shapes and rigorous decoration. This stage is also called post-jacobin furniture.

The other is William III, who was born in Holland since childhood. He spoke highly of Dutch furniture, which had a great influence on European art, with French chairs and wig chairs as the representatives. Chairs mostly used arched backs and flared legs, and began to use oriental painting techniques. This stage is also called William and Mary furniture.

The baroque style of Germany has been ignored, and it has no characteristics. In the early days of American colonies, due to the difficult conditions, it formed its own unique style by cutting down trees, reclaiming farmland and building homes. Diversified national culture and rich wood can be divided into two categories, one is palace style, and the other is pastoral style. Due to the undeveloped metal processing, tenon-mortise structure is adopted, which is practical, heavy, simple and straight.

On behalf of Brewster Chair and Kraft Chair. The name of this chair was given by Brewster and Kraft, famous figures in colonial times.

Rococo style

Rococo style (18th century-11970s), which also introduces the meaning of the word "rococo": it comes from the rockery "rocaille" made of shells and rocks in French court gardens, featuring the decoration of rocks and mussels;

In fact, the historical background of this stage is the French dictatorship. The failure of foreign wars and domestic luxury promoted the rise of salon culture. Madame de Pompadour, the mistress of Louis XV, loved salon culture and gathered many people with artistic self-restraint, including architect Gabriel and painter Boucher. They really set an artistic example for rococo. Most of the furniture in this period is inlaid, beautiful and generous, decorated with plant leaves and S-shaped legs.

Boucher's painting of Madame de Pompadour can well represent the feeling of Rococo, showing the gorgeous court style from clothing to interior decoration.

British Rococo is also called Queen Anne Furniture (1702- 17 14). After Mary's sister Anne succeeded to the throne, she was also called Queen Anne. With the prosperity of economy, people's lifestyle is more relaxed. The furniture features a central vase-shaped backrest, and the H-shaped leg-pulling file is cancelled. Cat feet shape, the surface is plain and clean, without too much decoration and elegance.

After reading it, we can find a rule that the names of furniture are all named after the monarch, and chippendale furniture is the first civilian named after himself, breaking the convention of naming the national style after the monarch, and British furniture has entered the heyday of Rococo.

Zibinda furniture

Baroque and Rococo prevailed for a while, which also reflected the corruption of feudal rule in a sense. /kloc-in the middle of the 0/8th century, people disliked complicated decorations, and a concise and lively neo-classical trend of thought rose quietly.

neoclassicism

The rise of neoclassicism (18, 1970s-early 9th century) was first embodied in French architecture, and was really embodied in furniture during the reign of Louis XVI.

French neoclassicism can be divided into two categories. One is Louis XVI furniture, mainly attributed to Queen Mary. Under her vigorous advocacy, Antoinette formed an artistic style with both classical meaning and characteristics of the times, namely Louis XVI style, also known as Marie Antoinette. Under her vigorous advocacy, she formed an artistic style with both classical meaning and characteristics of the times, with cylindrical legs and handrails spinning, pursuing rationality and simplicity, and paying attention to the handling of horizontal and vertical lines.

1856 indoor renderings of the winter palace drawn by the famous Russian architect Konstantin andreyevich. The Winter Palace is located in the Palace Square in St Petersburg. It is an outstanding example of Russian neoclassical architecture in the middle of18th century. It was originally the private museum of Russian Queen Catherine II. ?

The other is the style of the ruling cabinet. 1789, the French bourgeoisie overthrew the Bourbon dynasty with the help of the people. 1789, the first * * * Republic of France was founded, and the furniture of Louis XVI of France came to an end. During the period of the ruling cabinet, Napoleon launched a "foggy month coup", overthrew the ruling cabinet and became the first ruling country of the fascist Republic. In fact, it is. Advocacy is a style that embodies imperial power. I hope France is as powerful as Rome, concentrating the majesty of Rome, the tyranny of ancient Egypt and the lightness of Greece on royal furniture, featuring monster patterns and N-shaped icons in the middle of chairs, which are strictly symmetrical and heavy.

Napoleon throne

David's Portrait of Napoleon Crossing the Saint Bernard Pass in the Alps, 1800.

There are many branches of British neoclassicism, which can be divided into four categories: first, Adam furniture, with thin legs, square or round cross section, gradually decreasing from top to bottom, square or horseshoe legs, round legs with wooden legs; The second Hepple style, the backrest is oval, heart-shaped and oval. The third kind of Sheldon-style furniture can be found in his book Furniture Architects and Soft Package Atlas. It is light and beautiful, with appropriate size ratio, square or rectangular. The last one is regent furniture. George III was imitated by the Prince of Wales because of his insanity as a regent. He is often decorated with Greek saber legs, mahogany and bright bronze, and adds a sense of luxury with beautiful paint. Black is the most popular gold-plated color.

Hepplewhite and Sheraton forms are basically used in federal high-column beds.

eclecticism

All-round historical development of western classical furniture. The eclecticism mentioned later (1837- 190 1) did not promote the progress of furniture, but only summarized and copied the furniture of previous periods. French furniture is basically in the leading position along the way, which is worth mentioning.

18 14 In April, Napoleon I abdicated and the Bourbon Dynasty was restored. The Earl of Provence, the younger brother of Louis XVI, ascended the throne as Louis Stanislas Xavier, but it didn't last long. Napoleon returned to Paris, rebuilt the empire, established the "Hundred Days Dynasty", and Louis Stanislas Xavier escaped. After the Battle of Waterloo, Napoleon abdicated for the second time and Louis Stanislas Xavier was restored. 1824, Louis Stanislas Xavier's younger brother Charles X succeeded to the throne. In 15 years after the restoration, people showed little interest in furniture carpentry, and there was no dominant style, let alone a unified style.

This is all the furniture history from western ancient Greece to eclecticism ~ ~ ~

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