What scientific and technological means are used in Everest elevation measurement?

What is the importance of measuring Everest? From the scientific point of view, especially from the earth science point of view, hidden mountains such as Mount Everest were formed by the collision between the Eurasian plate and the Indian plate, so they have been in the process of constant movement and change, and their height and status have changed. Understanding the height of Mount Everest and its changes is of great scientific significance for understanding the middle sector of the earth and its global changes.

From a technical point of view, the terrain and environment of Mount Everest are very bad, and accurate measurement in this respect has very high requirements for measurement technology, communication technology, satellite technology and equipment technology.

China 1975, 2005 and 2020 made revolutionary progress in the three surveys. The former integrated the core instruments and equipment, including Italian radar for Italian radar survey and GPS observation equipment for survey. This is a comprehensive test of China's scientific and technological strength and the inevitable result of China's related scientific and technological progress.

What is the principle of elevation measurement of Mount Everest? What is the technical breakthrough of this measurement? The so-called elevation angle means that the top of Mount Everest is higher than the average sea level of the Yellow Sea. How to connect the average sea level and peak value in the Yellow Sea? Through previous investigation and mapping, China has established an altitude benchmark, which is a large number of reference points in the country.

After the national surveying and mapping, the elements of these points have been measured, and these points are at the measuring points and have been further measured. In the survey of Mount Everest, the elevation datum point in Shigatse, Tibet is usually selected as the calculation point. The elevation measurement of Mount Qomolangma began in Shigatse and reached its peak step by step. But the environment is not good, and it is no longer suitable.

To this end, the investigators identified several peaks with a height higher than 6,000 meters around Mount Everest, and then measured them at these points through trigonometric elevation, aiming at the top of Mount Everest and measuring the height of Mount Everest. This is the process of measuring the peak tip in traditional geodetic technology.

With the development of technology, in 2005, all kinds of traditional and modern technologies were integrated into this Everest elevation measurement, so the measurement results are more accurate and reliable. With the GNSS receiver, we can get the height, but this is not an exact height, but the highland of the earth ellipsoid.

Therefore, China has carried out various gravity measurements, including peak gravity measurements, and established a large-scale numerical model in the Everest region to obtain the height of Mount Everest.