Logistics industry and manufacturing industry is how to linkage

The linked development of manufacturing and logistics industry

Logistics is a productive service industry, can not be separated from the manufacturing industry to exist independently. Adjustment and Revitalization Plan for the Logistics Industry" will be the manufacturing industry and logistics industry linkage development as one of the "nine projects", the National Development and Reform Commission will also promote the linkage development as a key promotion of this year's work, will be jointly with the relevant departments to introduce the corresponding implementation rules and incentives; local governments at all levels are also trying to link the two industries as an important direction for the active implementation of the "Adjustment and Revitalization Plan for the Logistics Industry". The local governments at all levels are also striving to make the linkage of the two industries an important direction for the active implementation of the Logistics Industry Adjustment and Revitalization Plan.

(I) Connotation analysis of linkage development

1, the basic connotation of linkage development

Linkage refers to a number of interrelated things, a movement or change occurs when the other also follow the movement or change. Manufacturing and logistics industry linkage development is based on the manufacturing industry and logistics industry industry, based on the industrial association, the manufacturing industry logistics business and logistics enterprises logistics operations jointly, industrial collaboration, *** with the promotion of both sides of the development.

(1) linkage development is based on industrial association and industrial division of labor

The existence of enterprise logistics activities in the manufacturing industry, logistics enterprises operating logistics business, they are interdependent, there are a large number of materials, information, capital and other aspects of the exchange relationship, the formation of a value-added process. The economic connection between manufacturing industry and logistics industry is the condition and foundation of linkage development, and the industrial division of labor and industrial connection is the theoretical and economic foundation of linkage development. Linkage development can produce a better synergy effect between the two industries, promote the rapid development of industrial division of labor and improve the operational efficiency of industrial linkage.

(2) The driving force of linkage development is the supply chain operation mode

Linkage development is different from the traditional mode of manufacturing and logistics industry simply transportation, warehousing business cooperation, supply chain operation mode is the main driving force to promote linkage development. Supply chain is around the core business, in order to meet the level of service at the same time, in order to minimize the system cost and used from the supplier to the end user of the entire logistics, information flow and service processes for systematic management methods. It emphasizes system integration because only integration can achieve cost savings.

(3) The essence of linkage development is a mutually beneficial behavior

The "mutual benefit" here has two meanings: on the one hand, the linkage development breaks down the boundaries of enterprises, industrial boundaries and regional boundaries, and can improve the economic efficiency; on the other hand, the linkage development is not a unidirectional behavior, but a two-way mutual benefit. behavior. Any linkage development with asymmetric interests is unstable, and the further deepening of linkage development can only be promoted by ensuring that both the manufacturing industry and the logistics industry realize mutual benefits.

(4) Government policy has an important impact on linkage development

Policy is the baton, and cooperation between manufacturing and logistics industries between regions in China is mainly promoted, operated and coordinated by government departments, with enterprises in a passive implementation position. Although after years of development, China's market economic system framework is basically formed, the degree of marketization of many industries continues to improve, and regional barriers are constantly being broken, but from the macro level, there is still a need to improve the communication between the competent industrial authorities and regional governments, to break the industrial division and regional division, and to create a policy environment conducive to industrial collaboration.

(5) The main body of linkage development is the enterprise

Enterprises are the main body of market activities, and the linkage development is ultimately manifested in the cooperation between the main bodies of enterprises. Only the enterprise's own industrial linkage is a deep, stable and long-lasting cooperative relationship. Manufacturing and logistics industry linkage development should ultimately realize the manufacturing enterprises are willing to outsource, logistics companies can undertake the situation.

2, manufacturing enterprises to implement the necessity of linkage development

(1) the inevitable requirements of the modern mode of production

In the trend of global economic integration, internationalization of procurement, assembly of parts and components around the world, customer-centered production to order, all of which are China's manufacturing enterprises, "big and full, small and complete "The traditional mode of operation of China's manufacturing enterprises to form a huge challenge to the traditional logistics of manufacturing enterprises has been unable to adapt to the needs of modern mass production. A survey shows that China's manufacturing enterprises logistics operation costs are high, low efficiency. China's general merchandise for processing and manufacturing time is not more than 10%, while more than 90% of the time in warehousing, transportation, handling, packaging, distribution and other logistics links. In order to adapt to the changes in production and business model, how to introduce modern logistics, to play its role as the "third source of profit" has become an important issue facing China's manufacturing enterprises.

(2) High-cost environment and the financial crisis in the context of the need to reduce enterprise costs

In the global financial crisis environment, due to the manufacturing enterprise's products in the market demand is reduced, the enterprise products in the market competition is more intense, so the enterprise in the improvement of operational efficiency, to maintain and improve the competitiveness of the demand will increase. The introduction of logistics and supply chain management concepts and technologies will reduce the enterprise's inventory, accelerate the enterprise's cash cycle and improve capital efficiency.

(3) the manufacturing industry to achieve industrial upgrading needs

From the present point of view, China has become the "world manufacturing center", but the "center" of the transfer is regular. Today into China, will one day be transferred to other countries or regions. The question is how to take advantage of this opportunity to accelerate the promotion of manufacturing upgrading, enhance the economic competitiveness of the domestic manufacturing industry. Now China's manufacturing industry has a comparative advantage is static. To make the static advantages move, integrate resources, improve allocation efficiency, only rely on the development of modern logistics industry methods. Logistics distribution of dynamic warehousing, information integration, unified distribution can make the whole comparative advantage to move up.

3, logistics enterprises to implement the necessity of linkage development

(1) linkage development is an important means of releasing the demand for logistics

Generally speaking, the demand for socialization of logistics mainly from two types of business entities, one is the manufacturing enterprises, they will be outsourcing the implementation of enterprise logistics, the formation of socialized logistics demand; the second is the commercial enterprises, they will be the implementation of commercial logistics operations business outsourcing, also line into the socialization of logistics demand. Outsourcing, but also into the socialization of logistics demand. Industrial logistics in the total social logistics more than 85%.

The development of the logistics industry is inseparable from the manufacturing enterprises logistics socialization. Affected by the lack of effective demand, although in recent years the domestic professional logistics enterprises in the management and business innovation, but there is still a lack of demand for defects, the main reason is that the degree of release of manufacturing logistics demand is not enough, the release of the speed is still to be accelerated. In addition, logistics outsourcing business has its own complexity. Logistics outsourcing is not only a logistics problem, but also the flow of people and capital flow problems. Therefore, accelerate the release of manufacturing logistics demand will strongly promote the development of modern logistics industry.

(2) linkage development is to promote the professionalization of logistics enterprises means

In recent years, the domestic logistics enterprises have made some achievements in the development of professionalism, but by the lack of effective demand, the overall level still needs to be improved. The development of manufacturing enterprises need to be able to carry out multi-faceted cooperation with them, *** with the development of specialized logistics enterprises, but many logistics enterprises are limited in scale, the level of specialization is not enough, the logistics service capacity and the requirements of the manufacturing enterprise gap is large, it is difficult to provide long-term quality services. With the implementation of linked development of manufacturing enterprises, logistics enterprises will be through the management model innovation, operational method innovation, to help manufacturing enterprises to improve the operational efficiency of the logistics system, so as to enhance their own professional service level.

(3) linkage development is to enhance the competitiveness of the logistics industry is an important means

No logistics industry development, traditional manufacturing industry is difficult to modern manufacturing industry upgrading, and without the release of modern manufacturing industry's logistics demand, the logistics industry can not realize the scale, globalization of business. Only linkage development, complement each other, in order to improve their respective competitive strength. In the productive service industry is becoming increasingly important today, reduce the transaction costs of manufacturing and logistics industry, enhance the manufacturing industry and logistics industry, the call for industrial synergy is growing. Manufacturing and logistics industry linkage development has become a general **** knowledge between the industry.

(B) China's manufacturing and logistics industry development of the current situation analysis

1, domestic and foreign manufacturing enterprises logistics development of the current situation analysis

(1) the national ministries and commissions attach great importance to the development of manufacturing logistics

China's "eleventh five-year plan for the development of the national economy and social development," pointing out the need to vigorously develop productive services, which modern logistics as an important element of the productive services was In March 2007, the State Council issued the "State Council on accelerating the development of the service industry, a number of opinions", once again emphasizing the need to vigorously develop "production-oriented services, and to promote the organic integration of modern manufacturing and services, interactive development. 2007, the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) in September 2007, the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), the State Council on the development of the manufacturing industry. In September, the National Development and Reform Commission held in Shanghai, "the first national manufacturing and logistics industry linkage development conference", this year's introduction of the top ten industry revitalization plan to vigorously promote the integration of modern logistics and manufacturing industry to achieve linkage development.

(2) Logistics business development is being rapidly expanded from production, sales to procurement, some manufacturing enterprises have begun to implement integrated logistics management

At present, there are already some manufacturing enterprises logistics development goals began to accelerate sales, reduce sales costs, to the overall optimization, improve corporate efficiency, reduce overall logistics costs change. According to the 2008 National Development and Reform Commission in Shandong on some manufacturing enterprises (such as China National Heavy Duty Truck, Jinan Steel, Jinan Boiler, Jinan Second Machine Works, etc.) survey, the vast majority of logistics business outsourcing has begun to the procurement process.

(3) manufacturing enterprises generally have certain logistics facilities, the average size of domestic enterprises is much larger than that of foreign-funded enterprises

For a long time, China's traditional manufacturing enterprises due to the "large and complete", "small and complete" concept, in the logistics management used to be self-contained system. Logistics management is accustomed to self-contained system, self-service, focusing on the lower degree of intensification, large-scale logistics infrastructure within the enterprise. According to the second national logistics statistics survey data show that in 2005 the manufacturing industry, domestic enterprises focusing on the investigation of the average use of warehousing area of 141,000 square meters, of which: an average of 82,000 square meters of their own warehousing area, an average of 59,000 square meters of rented warehousing area, while the same period of time, the average use of warehousing area of foreign-funded enterprises, their own warehousing area and rented warehousing area, respectively, for the 29,000 square meters, 24,000 square meters and 0.5 million square meters, all kinds of warehousing area of domestic enterprises are 4.9 times, 3.4 times and 12.3 times of foreign-funded enterprises; the average number of freight vehicles owned by key surveyed domestic enterprises is 66, and the average number of loading and unloading equipments owned by foreign-funded enterprises is 38, which is 3.7 times and 1.5 times of foreign-funded enterprises during the same period, respectively.

(4) international manufacturing logistics development trend

Currently, countries have formulated various development plans to promote the traditional manufacturing industry to advanced manufacturing industry.

Agile manufacturing and supply chain management has become the latest trend in the development of foreign manufacturing logistics. Agile manufacturing is a capability for enterprises to develop and grow in a constantly changing and unpredictable competitive environment. Agile manufacturing enterprises can quickly provide innovative products for the market, quickly respond to market and user requirements for new products and product performance, with a reprogrammable, resettable and can be constantly changed can be very small economic mass production manufacturing system. The supply chain is a systematic approach to managing the entire logistics, information flow, and service process from the supplier to the end-user in order to minimize system costs while meeting service levels around the core business.

2, China's logistics industry development of the current situation analysis

In recent years, China's logistics enterprises to further strengthen the strength of the market concentration has increased significantly, the specialization of the division of labor to speed up the value-added business has become a new growth point. Facing the positive competition from foreign logistics enterprises, Chinese logistics enterprises have responded positively and gained development in the competition. Due to the squeeze from several aspects, such as land policy, market competition, rising fuel tax cost, and implementation of the new labor law, logistics resources and elements are in short supply across the board, operating costs continue to rise, and the average profit margin has further declined. Logistics industry by the global financial crisis continues to deepen the impact of challenges and opportunities.

3, China's manufacturing industry and logistics industry development problems

(1) manufacturing enterprises exist in the logistics problem

Currently, China's manufacturing enterprises mainly exist in the following five aspects of the problem:

◇Modern logistics concepts are missing, the integration of logistics and supply chain management application to a low degree;

◇Logistics costs are high, low operating efficiency, affecting the competitiveness of enterprises. Low operating efficiency, affecting the enhancement of enterprise competitiveness;

◇Enterprises' self-owned logistics, low utilization rate of logistics facilities, and obstacles to the exit of logistics outsourcing assets;

◇Slow development of outsourcing of logistics business, and low proportion of integrated outsourcing;

◇Lack of logistics professionals in enterprises, and low business quality of logistics personnel. The social credit evaluation system needs to be further standardized and improved;

◇ The development of the logistics industry is facing greater institutional constraints, and policies still need to be vigorously implemented.

(3) Problems faced by the linkage of the two industries

On the one hand, the logistics demand of manufacturing enterprises is scattered in various departments and enterprises, which has not been transformed into socialized demand, and the cost of logistics operation is low; on the other hand, due to the lack of socialized demand, the development of specialized logistics is constrained, and the capacity of logistics services adapted to the needs of manufacturing enterprises is not high. Affected by the lack of effective demand, the manufacturing industry needs to be able to accompany its growth and development of logistics enterprises, but many logistics enterprises are limited in scale, the level of specialization is not enough, logistics services and manufacturing needs there is a gap, it is difficult to do long-term service.

(C) the basic mode of linkage development

1, China's manufacturing industry and logistics industry linkage development goals

Manufacturing industry and logistics industry linkage development will become an important development trend, the two industries need to be linked in the ideological, organizational, operational, technological, network and benefits of the six aspects of linkage.

2, the basic mode of linkage development

Mode 1: not integrated on the basis of part of the logistics business outsourcing

This linkage mode is a lot of China's state-owned manufacturing enterprises and logistics companies to cooperate.

Mode 2: Outsourcing part of the logistics business on the basis of integration

There are two types of this mode: one is that the manufacturing enterprises set up special logistics management centers, which are responsible for integrating the logistics management functions and facilities of the manufacturing enterprises, and outsourcing part of the logistics business on this basis. Haier Logistics is a typical representative of this aspect. Another model is that manufacturing companies do not set up logistics management center, logistics management functions are still scattered in various business units, by the top management of the enterprise is responsible for the integration of logistics facilities and functions, and then part of the logistics business outsourcing to professional logistics companies.

Model 3: Manufacturing enterprises and logistics companies to cooperate in the formation of logistics companies, the implementation of strategic alliances

Model 4: logistics business with third-party logistics all outsourcing

3, the basic path of linkage development

(1) key factors affecting the outsourcing of enterprise logistics

The following aspects of the factors affecting the decision-making of the outsourcing of enterprise logistics

◇The strategic importance of logistics resources in the enterprise;

◇The scale dimension of logistics demand;

◇The degree of possession of logistics assets of manufacturing enterprises;

◇The degree of competition in the market (customer demand);

◇The specialization of logistics assets;

◇The complexity of logistics services;

◇The level of logistics management of the enterprise. The level of logistics management of the enterprise.

(2) Three stages of manufacturing logistics outsourcing

The first stage: decentralized logistics within the enterprise. Transportation, warehousing, procurement and other aspects of the business process is scattered in all aspects of the business process, is the primary stage of logistics activities.

The second stage: intra-enterprise logistics specialization. Enterprises appeared specialized logistics department, transportation, warehousing, procurement and other activities of unified management, logistics from other parts of the enterprise independently.

The third stage: enterprise logistics socialization and specialization, that is, logistics outsourcing stage. Outsourcing logistics to other enterprises specializing in logistics activities to complete, the emergence of third-party logistics.

(3) The development path of the release of demand for logistics services in manufacturing enterprises

The outsourcing of logistics services in manufacturing enterprises is not a one-step process, but needs to go through several steps such as integration within the enterprise, gradual outsourcing, and supply chain integration.

A, the traditional manufacturing industry to the modern manufacturing industry transformation

The development of the logistics industry is to be compatible with the development of the manufacturing industry, the modern manufacturing industry needs modern logistics. In order to make the traditional manufacturing industry to the modern manufacturing industry direction transformation, need to strengthen the modern enterprise system construction, improve the manufacturing industry organizational structure and strengthen the core business of manufacturing enterprises in three aspects.

B, the internal integration of logistics processes in manufacturing enterprises

The use of BPR and ERP technology to implement process re-engineering, enterprise procurement, production, sales and other internal logistics integration into one.

C, manufacturing enterprise logistics business and main business separation

First of all, the implementation of the logistics business "main and auxiliary separation". Specifically, including logistics business as a whole divestment, logistics business part of the divestment, the main body of the property rights of diversified and with the capital diversion and other four specific forms.

Secondly, the logistics operation facilities and assets system integration. Logistics resources belonging to the auxiliary industry to be integrated, especially to be scattered in different business management departments of various transportation, warehousing, packaging, distribution processing, logistics information and other resources for integration, in the logistics business process on the basis of re-engineering, these logistics resources to achieve "separation of the main and auxiliary".

D, logistics enterprises logistics outsourcing

E, manufacturing enterprises and logistics companies to promote the optimization of supply chain business

Logistics cooperation at the supply chain level, supply chain management and global optimization as a strategic goal, system optimization, knowledge **** enjoyment, and continuous improvement of the core of the management concept, to focus on the organizational structure of knowledge management, systems and culture, as a guarantee, through decision-making optimization, process optimization, distribution and packaging, logistics information and other resources integration, based on the logistics business process re-engineering, these logistics resources to achieve "main and secondary separation". As a guarantee, through decision-making optimization, process re-engineering, data mining and other advanced technologies to continuously improve the level of logistics services, reduce costs and enhance the competitiveness of the supply chain of resource integration, network base, process standardization, information integration, decision-making intelligence of the modern new professional logistics enterprises.

4, China's manufacturing industry and the logistics industry linkage development of the main problems

Currently China's manufacturing industry and the logistics industry linkage development process of the main problems are as follows:

(1) from the point of view of the enterprise or the industry:

○ Manufacturing enterprises logistics outsourcing is not enough to open up;

○ Manufacturing enterprises self-managed logistics exit costs are high

○The logistics service level of logistics enterprises needs to be improved;

○The logistics market is not standardized, and the credit mechanism is not sound;

○The constraints on the development of the logistics industry caused by the high-cost operation environment.

(2) From the government's point of view:

○Lack of industrial policy;

○Lack of coordination among government departments;

○Local protectionism.

(IV) Policy Recommendations for Linkage Development

In view of the current situation of the development of China's manufacturing and logistics industries, in order to better implement the Plan, promote the transformation and upgrading of China's economic structure, and improve the competitiveness and efficiency of enterprises, the government should encourage the linkage development of the two industries in the following ways:

☆ Encourage the linkage development of the manufacturing industry and the logistics industry, and promote the transformation and upgrading of industries

☆ Support manufacturing enterprises to transform business processes, separation and outsourcing of logistics business;

☆ Support logistics enterprises to grow bigger and stronger, and improve logistics service capacity;

☆ Build a logistics service market system to promote the effective convergence of logistics demand;

☆ In accordance with the principles of supply chain management, the integration of the construction of logistics facilities;

☆ Emphasize the importance of The manufacturing industry and the logistics industry information *** enjoy, standard docking;

☆☆ Summarize and promote the linkage development of advanced technology and management methods;

☆ Accelerate the manufacturing industry logistics management personnel training and organizational structure innovation;

☆ Efforts to create a tax policy environment to reduce the cost of business transactions.

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