Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Traditional customs - About Su Shi's profile
About Su Shi's profile
In the first year of Yuanyou (1086), the old party came to power. Su Shi was transferred back to Kyoto to serve as a minister of the Central Library, Hanlin scholar, the system of enjoining and other posts. But in the abolition of the exemption law and the old party disagreed. In the fourth year of the Yuanyou reign, Su Shi was sent to Hangzhou, where he was recalled in the sixth year. Recalled in the sixth year, Jia Yi and others to find a gap in the false accusations, Su Shi requested a foreign post, has been sent to know Yingzhou, Yangzhou, Dingzhou . During this period, he is still within the scope of his ability to continue to carry out certain reforms.
The first year of Shao Sheng (1094), Zhezong pro-government, the new party gained power, the depreciation of the old ministers Yuan You, Su Shi was depreciated again and again, from Yingzhou (now Guangdong Yingde), Huizhou, has been put far to Danzhou (now belongs to Hainan). Until the Yuanfu three years (1100) Song Huizong reign, he was pardoned and returned to the north. He died in Changzhou in July of the first year of the Jianzhongjingguo era (1101).
Su Shi was born into a scholarly family, and was influenced by his father, Su Xun, from an early age, and loved to read. He was very smart and had a very good memory, so he could memorize every word of every article he read.
After a few years of hard reading, young Su Shi has been a learned man, others can not read the book, he can read; others do not know the word, he can recognize; others do not understand the article, he can comment on a round of discussion. In this way, many people admired him, some even want to worship him as a teacher.
Su Shi was famous for a while, smug. The teacher was very worried. He gave him a banner that reads "Learning has no limit". But Su Shi read it, but did not think, that the teacher is jealous of their own, and threw the banner in the corner of the study.
One day, Su Shi, in a drunken mood, wrote a couplet and ordered his family to put it on the front door:
Read all the books in the world;
Learn all the words in the world.
Su Shi to the contemporary talent of the couplet posted, some people see nodded in praise, some shaking their heads, the enlightenment teacher angry meal can not eat, sleep and restless.
Somehow, this alarmed the immortal world. One day, the Goddess of Mercy dressed up as an old woman and came down to the mortal world to find Su Shi.
On this day, Su Shi was reading at home, when he suddenly heard his servant informing him that there was someone outside the door asking for an audience. He came out to see that it was an old woman with gray hair, so he asked, "What is the old man's business?" Guanyin pointed to the couplet on the door and asked, "Has Mr. really read all the books in the world and all the words on earth?"
Su Shi heard, heart very unhappy, arrogantly said, "Can I lie?"
Guanyin fished out a book from her pocket, handed it forward and said, "I have a book here, please help me to read it, sir, what is written there?"
Su Shi thought, "What is so difficult about this! He took the book and, without looking at it, said, "Listen, I'll read it to you!" But when he took a closer look, he flipped from the beginning to the end, and then from the end to the beginning, and he didn't recognize a single word in that book. Guanyin was urging him on, "Sir, read it quickly, read it quickly!"
Su Shi anxious sweating, stammered: "This ...... this ......" This book of words he has never seen, how can read out? He only had to ask: "Where did you get this book from?"
Guanyin smiled and said, "Sir, don't ask where it came from! Haven't you read all the books in the world? Read it!"
Sushi, his face reddened, had to reply, "I have not read this book."
"You haven't even read this book, so why post this couplet?" Guanyin asked.
Sushi heard this and was so ashamed that he reached out and tried to tear the couplet off the door. Guanyin was busy stepping forward to stop it, "Slow! Let me change this couplet." As she spoke, she changed the couplet to:
Reading all the books in the world in anger;
Aspiring to know all the words in the world.
"Young man, stop being arrogant! There is no end to learning, there is no end to learning!" Guanyin earnestly admonished.
Su Shi listened to this and was enlightened. Turned his head back and was about to thank the old woman, who knew that there was no trace of the old woman. It was only then that he realized that it was the gods who were enlightening him!
Su Shi returned to his study, immediately found the banner given by his teacher, and posted it up. From then on, he studied hard and humbly, and finally became a famous scholar.
Su Dongpo, or Su Shi, was a writer, calligrapher and painter of the Northern Song Dynasty. He is one of the eight greats of the Tang and Song dynasties, and his father Su Xun, brother Su Zhe and called "three Su", Su Dongpo in politics, abiding by the traditional rituals and laws, but also have to change the 4 Ge's ambitions, so in the career path after many ups and downs. His character is bold, his poetry is unrestrained, fresh and robust, creating a school of boldness. He was open-minded, in calligraphy, although the law of the ancients, but can create their own ideas, full of innocent fun. At the same time, he was good at painting, like to make dead wood and strange stones. Su Dongpo claimed to have three inferior things sui, that is, drinking, playing chess and singing songs, but his poetry, calligraphy and painting is famous for generations to come.
One, a family of books
Su Shi, the word Zizhan, and Yu and Zhong, since the name of Dongpo Jushi. Meishan, Meizhou (present-day Meishan County, Sichuan), was born in the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty, that is, Renzong Jingyou three years on December 19th. Mother Cheng's is the daughter of Cheng Wen Ying, Oori Shimu (equivalent to the President of the Supreme Court), a scholarly family origin, because of the ear and eye from a young age, so the moral character, learning are quite good, Su Shi is very fortunate to have such a mother, so he was able to receive a good tutelage. His grandfather, Su Xun, and others were overjoyed at his birth. Three years later his younger brother Su Zhe was also born. According to the "Su genealogy" compiled by Su Xun, the ancestors of the Su family can be traced back as far as the famous literati Su Weiwei in the Tang Dynasty, but the truth is hard to ascertain, but it can be confirmed that Su Shi's ancestors can be traced back to Su Zhan, who lived five generations ago.
Su Shi's father, Su Xun, aspired to the imperial examinations, however, he began his studies too late, around the time of Su Shi's birth, he was too old to be a man, and as a result, he failed in his attempts, and could only lament his lack of talent, and therefore he had great expectations for the two brothers, Su Shi and Su Zhe. Soon after Su Shi was born, Su Xun traveled to Kyoto to study, so Su Shi was not taught by his father until he was eight years old. He was first initiated by his mother, but later, because Cheng was a firm believer in Taoism, he was ordered to study with Zhang Yijian, a Taoist priest from Tianqingguan, as his teacher, along with more than a hundred other young children in the town. Su Shi and Chen Taichu, who later became a local minor official, were often praised by private pad teachers. At the time, children of Chinese officials and eunuchs usually hired tutors to teach them at home, but the private mat where Su Shi sat and studied with the town's children was a very ordinary place of education for the common people. The children who studied in the private mat were all merchants and peasants, and Su Shi spent his childhood in the private mat, which cultivated his commoner character and greatly benefited his later career as an official.
Su Shi read in the private pad of Tianqing Guan for three years, and when he was ten years old, his mother taught him to read the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, and when he read the biography of Fan Pang, he was y moved. Unconsciously, he sighed, and said to his mother: "Being a son if also like Fan slander, mother happy or not?" Cheng said: "If you can really be like Fan Slander, can't I feel as honorable as Fan Slander's mother? Since Su Shi was gifted from a young age, he progressed very quickly under his mother's tutelage.
Two: Fame in the capital
Su Shi concentrated on his studies in his hometown of Meishan until he was twenty years old. In the first year of Renzong's Jiaku era (1056 A.D.), he left Meishan for the first time with his brother Su Zhe, accompanied by his father, and traveled to the capital to sit for the imperial examinations. The two brothers, who had successfully passed the preparatory exams that year, took part in the imperial examinations together in the spring of the following year, and Su Shi was awarded a bachelor's degree. The examination of the Imperial Examination (supervisor) is the famous literary leader Ouyang Xiu and Mei Yaochen, Ouyang Xiu is determined to promote the ancient literature, in order to save the literary world at that time the pompous and impractical malpractice, when he read the Su Shi's "punishment and reward of loyalty and generosity of the most of the theory" of the article, was very surprised, thinking that his own students Zeng Gong's works, would have liked to take the first place, consider a long time, in order to avoid suspicion of favoritism, and finally took the second place (and later on, the original should be the second Zeng Gong). Zeng Gong, who should have been second, became first instead). Su Shi took first place in the Spring and Autumn Period (春秋對義). In the palace examination (the emperor's personal oral examination), he presented twenty-five pieces of advice, which was very much appreciated by Emperor Renzong, who then named Su Shi as a Hanlin scholar. Ouyang Xiu said to someone at that time: "I shall avoid this man and come out a head." Meaning "I want to avoid him, so that he can make a name for himself", which shows Ouyang Xiu's love for the latter at that time. Later, Su Shi and Su Zhe both worship Ouyang Xiu as a teacher.
Dong Po before going to Beijing to take the exam, has been married in his hometown. Su Shi's mother Cheng's, in jiayou two years in April died of illness, Su family jiayou four years, the mourning period has expired, father and son three again tower boat following the Mianjiang River, Yangtze River waterway to Kyoto. Jia You six years, Su Shi, Su Zhe two in the teacher Ouyang Xiu recommended to participate in the system of science exams, which was held this year is the examination of Xianliang Fangzheng can straighten out the extremely modest section. Su shi to three, Su Zhe to four results were successful candidates. The results of the system is divided into five assessment, in the Song Dynasty, there is no first, second-class results in the case of the examination, usually three for the highest score. According to legend, Emperor Renzong said to Empress Cao with great joy: "I have two prime ministers for my children and grandchildren." The two men Renzong was referring to were Su Shi and Su Zhe. The two Su brothers were looking forward to the day when they could become prime ministers, and their relative Su Xun was overjoyed.
Jiayou six years on November 19, Su Shi as signing the book Fengxiang Fu judge thing, that is, the governor's assistant officer, equivalent to the deputy governor. To go to the office, Su Zhe all the way to the outer city of Kyoto to the west of Zheng Xinmen before reluctantly parted with his brother to say goodbye. Later, Su Shi collected a poem he wrote at that time, "Farewell Poem," at the beginning of the forty volumes of his own "Dongpo Collection," stating that it was his debut poem.
In the spring of the second year of his tenure as a magistrate in Fengxiang Province, a severe drought made life difficult for the people because it did not rain for a long time. Later on, he went to Mount Taibai to beg for rain by order of his superiors. Later, it really rained, so in the Fufeng official house of the north built a pavilion, the name of quot;Pleasant Rain Pavilion", he also felt for this matter made the "Pleasant Rain Pavilion record", and to the light tone of the joy of the rain of the long drought expressed.
Three, against the change of law
After the succession of Emperor Yingzong, Han Qi did the mausoleum, he ostensibly love Su Shi, in fact, a little jealous of his talent, so Su Shi do extraordinarily careful. In order to cope with the needs of the mausoleum, he made up a lot of wooden rafts, bamboo rafts, want to follow the Weishui east, but the water is too shallow, the rafts will be stagnant, he was very anxious, spent five months to manage to transport out. Later, he was invaded by the Western Xia people, and the people on the border were very frightened. He ran day and night to supply food to the army and the people, and it was very hard for him.
In addition to his work, Su Shi also had to cope with all kinds of relationships in the official world. As the gap between the teachings of the sages and the political reality was very wide, he was overwhelmed with anxiety as a young man in his first official position. In the winter of the second year of Emperor Yingzong's reign (1065 A.D.), when his term in Fengxiang expired, Su Shi couldn't wait to return to Kaifeng, the capital city where his father and brother lived. Unexpectedly, the following year his beloved wife died (his wife Wang Fu, is the daughter of the township tributes to the scholar, knowledge of books and rituals, able to poetry and literature, sixteen years old married to Dongpo, and later gave birth to a son, Su Mai, but it is a pity that the red face is thinly veiled, at the age of twenty-seven years old, died), less than a year, his father followed the death of the heavy heart, Su Shi took a boat to transport his father and his wife's spirit center back to his hometown of Meishan.
Xining first year, the reign of Emperor Shenzong, served a full mourning period of Su Shi left his hometown. The following year, as a supervisor of the Hao Yuan (in charge of the official resignation book of the official). At this time, there was a new political situation, and in order to save the country's financial difficulties, the emperor appointed Wang Anshi as a minister and implemented the new laws he advocated. Su Shi's political thinking is more conservative, although he was dissatisfied with the social status quo at that time, but also does not fully support Wang Anshi's reform ideas, he believes that the key to the problem does not lie in the legal system, but in the rule of the officials, he hoped to be able to reform in a more moderate way, if you want to change the law, it should also be carried out step by step, rather than as Wang Anshi's change of the law in a hurry to seek profits. Therefore, he kept on writing to Emperor Shenzong, submitting the "Suggestion of Schools and Tributes" and "Remonstrance of Buying Zhejiang Lamps", and later on the "Letter to the Emperor" and the "Letter of Ten Thousand Words", but none of them were accepted by Emperor Shenzong. Su Shi thus became a member of the old law school against Wang Anshi and other new law school at that time, politically ostracized. There were even false accusations that Su Shi was selling salt.
In the fourth year of Xining (1071 AD), Su Shi, who was 36 years old, saw that the change of law had been finalized, and that it was useless to oppose it, and that he did not want to be trapped in the vortex of sectarian struggles, so he asked for a transfer to Hangzhou (present-day Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province), but his heart could not help but be sad and frustrated.
Hangzhou is a beautiful place, Su Shi in the completion of official business, they will travel around to solve the worry. He not only made many friends here, but also composed many poems, such as the famous Drinking in the Rain after the First Clearing on the Lake and Drunken Book on the 27th of June at the Watching Lake Tower. Instead, his political frustration prompted Dong Po to experience a richer life as a poet, and from then on, he opened up a wider field of literature.
In the seventh year of the Xining era (1074 AD), Su Shi was voluntarily transferred to Mizhou (present-day Zhucheng County, Shandong Province), which was close to Jinan, where Su Zhe worked. In Mizhou, he also made many popular literary masterpieces, such as "The Record of Chaorantai", "Song of Water", "Mid-Autumn Festival in Memory of Ziyu", and "Jiangchengzi", "Hunting in Mizhou", etc. He was also the first to write a poem on the theme of "The Hunt of Mizhou".
Fourth, wandering
Su Shi was later transferred to Xuzhou (present-day Tongshan County, Jiangsu Province), Huzhou (present-day Wuxing County, Zhejiang Province). In the second year of Emperor Shenzong's Yuanfeng reign (1079 A.D.), in the third month after he moved to Huzhou, one day, a court official suddenly came in and arrested him into the capital without saying a word. It turned out to be a group of imperial historians who had a grudge against Su Shi, and in order to curry favor with Wang Anshi, they alleged that he had misrepresented the facts in his poems and slandered the imperial court, and they asked the emperor to order the judicial officials to condemn him. Soon after, Su Shi was sent to prison in the famous "Wutai Poetry Case".
Su Shi did write a number of poems satirizing the new law when he was a general judge in Hangzhou, such as the fourth of the Five Poems from a Mountain Village:"The staff of Lai wrapped in rice and went in a hurry, and the greenbacks that passed through his eyes turned empty. The children's voices are so good that they spend half of the year in the city." This poem is to satirize the poor implementation of the law of green seedling, officials forced farmers to borrow money, and then opened casinos and brothels in the local area to get the money back. But this is, after all, a poem, should not constitute a crime, but the serious political struggle around the new law has evolved into a sectarian struggle for power and profit, Su Shi's poem offended the new nobility, it is inevitable to be convicted.
Sushi's interrogation lasted more than a hundred days, and his political rivals, such as Li Ding, tried to put him to death by all means, and their despicable behavior aroused the discontent of many people.
In addition to the people of Huzhou and Hangzhou invited monks to pray for the blessing of Su Shi, the former Crown Prince's teacher Zhang Fangping, the former Minister of the Ministry of Finance, Fan Zhen, pleaded for mercy on his behalf, so the situation eased down. Coupled with the fact that Emperor Shenzong originally loved his literature, and the sick Empress Dowager Cao (grandmother of Emperor Shenzong) to intercede for him, and finally only convicted Su Shi of "ridiculing political affairs". On December 28 of that year, Emperor Shenzong sentenced him to exile in Huangzhou (present-day Huanggang County, Hubei Province), and Su Shi was finally spared from death.
Yuanfeng three years (A.D. 1080), Su Shi was relegated to the Huangzhou regiment, just arrived in Huangzhou, life is difficult, there is no pay Dai, and even a place to live is a problem. Later, had to temporarily live in the Tinghui courtyard, every day and the monks to eat together, the family lived frugally on the only money left. Old friend Ma Zhengqing really can not see over it, for him to get the city of east camping defense waste land dozens of acres, let him cultivate, build houses. He sweated on the east slope of the hard plowing, his wife Wang's on the sidelines to play a hand, husband and wife with the same **** bitter.
Because Su Shi personally in the Dongpo land planting, so it was once full of grass on the place has a deep affection, he praised this Dongpo as rocky and bumpy hard road, to their own must also be unavoidable, optimistic in the life of the bumpy road ahead. He saw Dongpo as a symbol of his own personality. After a year of hard work, Su Shi built a study room next to Dongpo, named it "Dongpo Snow Hall", and from then on, he called himself "Dongpo Jushi".
Su Shi in the aftermath of the impact of this prison of words, chest pent up countless to say, although he has been suppressing their own passions, do not want to write poems to get into trouble, but the passion for creating is not to be able to repress it? On the one hand, he poured out his own grievances and injustice in his poems, and on the other hand, he was looking for the joy of indifference and self-control in his daily life to maintain his psychological balance. As soon as possible, he went around to visit the scenery, leisurely days. This period for Su Shi, is a peak of his literary creation.
There are two reasons for this:First, during these years, he studied hard and thus expanded his knowledge in new ways. Second, due to the "Wutai Poetry Case" gave him a great blow, so he y realized that he was a little lack of human beings, and therefore wrote a lot of articles related to cultivation, such as the "Former Red Cliff Fugue", that is, in the discussion of life's changes and unchanging truth. In addition to the former Red Cliff Fugue, he also wrote works such as Nian Nujiao - Red Cliff Huai Gu and After Red Cliff Fugue to illustrate his open-minded attitude towards life. At this time Su Shi, not only in the literary and artistic attainments reached its peak, but also in the principle of human beings has reached a very high level. Su Shi's article is unrestrained and clear, his poetry is fresh and robust, making good use of hyperbole and metaphor, and he has a unique style in artistic expression. His poetry was fresh and bold, making good use of hyperbole and metaphor, and he had a unique style of artistic expression. He was good at running script and regular script, taking the method of Li Yi, Xu Hao, Yan Zhenqing, and Yang Ningshi, but was able to create his own new ideas, with the fun of innocence.
In the seventh year of Yuanfeng, Emperor Shenzong ordered Su Shi to leave Huangzhou, and authorized him to be the deputy regimental trainer of Ruzhou (present-day Runan County, Henan Province). Passing through Jinling (now Nanjing City), met when the political enemy Wang Anshi, the two talked very much, this time Dongpo to Wang Anshi is still not polite, affectionate reproach Wang Anshi should not be in the West in successive years to use the army, and in the Southeast caused by the big criminal prison, and contrary to the style of the ancestral benevolence and generosity. This time Wang Anshi has been through the vicissitudes of life, open-minded and much more, not only do not see the blame, but said to others: "I really do not know again child a hundred years, to appear like Dong Po such a character!"
Five, political hardship
Yuanfeng seven years, Su Shi forty-nine years old, Song Shenzong for him to restore his reputation, as Dengzhou (Penglai County, Shandong Province, present-day) governor, only more than ten days, and by the court's call to serve as the Ministry of Rites Langzhong. In the lunar month of this year, he was transferred back to Kaifeng, Kyoto, and served as a resident of the house. Yuanfeng eight years (A.D. 1085) in March, vigorously implement the new law of the reign of Emperor Shenzong nineteen years after the collapse, only ten years old Zhezong took the throne, high Queen Dowager curtain, vigorously promote the old school characters, Dong Po was called back to the court, the Queen Dowager ordered to sit down and give tea, and spread the Royal Golden Lotus Candlestick to send him back to the hospital. As the Empress Dowager abolished the new law, the political situation began to reverse, the original center of power for the new law group of ministers were excluded. Sima Guang and other former important ministers were able to return to power. Later historians called it the "Yuan Ku Changhua", and the old law school continued to be in power.
The next year, Su Shi was promoted to the Chinese scholar, Hanlin scholar, know the system of language, and at the same time also served as the readers. Su Shi burst into Beijing after less than a year's time, was promoted three times, but at this time Su Shi has no interest in being an official. After the people of Beijing, Su Shi found the implementation of more than ten years of the New Deal, part of the results have been considerable, Sima Guang came to power, but indiscriminately abolished, he was a little dismayed. Dong Po was originally also one of the healthy opponents of the New Deal, but his words, deeds and ideas were directed at the matter and not at the person. Now that he had further friendship with Wang Anshi and had a certain understanding of the New Deal, his attitude naturally changed. He thought that the new policy of the "exemption law" is particularly excellent, the merits of the current generation, the benefits in the autumn, and urged Sima Guang to adopt, Sima Guang firmly refused. In this way, the conservatives said that he was a member of Wang Anshi's New Law School. However, the new law school does not regard him as one of their own people, so Dongpo became a figure in the cracks, not pleasing to both sides.
In September of that year, Sima Guang, the leader of the old school of law, died, leaving the old school of law in tatters and trapped in an ugly war of factions. The Luo Party, led by Cheng Yi, who was a master of the Song Dynasty's science, and the Shu Party, led by Su Shi and others, were at odds, and the Shuo Party, interspersed and entangled, were also entangled, and the faction war intensified, even to the point of defamation of private matters.
Yuan Ku four years, Su Shi wanted to leave this place of wrongdoing, they asked to be transferred to transfer to Hangzhou Ye governor, when he took office, Hangzhou people burning incense parade welcome, but Su Shi just arrived in office encountered serious natural disasters and diseases. Later, he built China's first public hospital in the area. During his term as governor, Su Shi built the Su Causeway in West Lake, which is as famous as Bai Juyi's White Causeway. In the sixth year of his reign, Su Shi was called to serve as a minister of the Hanlin Academy, and also as a reader, but was rejected by the radical Shuo Party, and within a few months was transferred to the governorship of Yingzhou (present-day Fuyang City, Anhui Province) and left the imperial court, before being appointed to the governorship of Yangzhou (Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province) in the following year. In September of the seventh year of Yuanyou (1092 A.D.), Su Shi was recalled to the court as the minister of military affairs, and in November he was promoted to the minister of ceremonies, which was the highest position Su Shi had held since he started his career in politics.
Sixth, the death of the poet
Su Shi's position rose higher and higher, and the opposing parties of his attacks intensified, and even some people on its previous word prison (i.e., Wutai poetry case). The depressed Su Shi asked for a transfer to a place in the south of the Yangtze River, but it was approved at the end. In September of the eighth year of the Yuan dynasty, Su Shi became the governor of Dingzhou (now Ding County, Hebei Province). In the same month, Empress Dowager Gao died, "Yuanyou change" also announced the end.
In September of the eighth year of the Yuanwu era, the eighteen-year-old Emperor Zhezong began to take charge of the country and reintroduced the new laws advocated by his father, Emperor Shenzong. Power was transferred to Lu Huiqing and other New Law advocates, who then launched a harsh campaign of impeachment against the Old Law advocates. In April of the first year of the Shao Sheng era (1094 AD), at the age of fifty-nine, Su Shi was accused of slandering the imperial court and relegated to the position of governor of Yingzhou (Yingde County, Guangdong Province) outside of Lingwai, and in June, while on his way to transfer to Yingzhou, Su Shi was ordered to be exiled to Huizhou (present-day Huizhou City, Guangdong Province). In the two years in Huizhou, Su Shi lived in dire straits, sometimes even brewing rice is not available, eat vegetables also have to rely on their own species. However, Su Shi had been accustomed to hardship all his life, and he was at peace with it all. He wrote two lines of a poem: "In order to report that the gentleman has slept enough in spring, the Taoist lightly beats the bell at five o'clock." Even though he was in the spurned place outside the mountain, he did not lose his will, and still lived a life of poverty in a leisurely manner. Unexpectedly, the capital court traitors still refused to give up, once again to trumped-up charges to harm him. This time Su Shi was banished to Danzhou, known as the end of the world. Danzhou in Hainan Island, is a rare, miasma-ridden place. Su Zhe then was relegated to Leizhou, the two places separated by the strait, the two to break up, Su Shi also joked: "Do not suspect that Qiong Lei separated by the sea of clouds, the holy grace is still allowed to look at each other."
To Danzhou, Su Shi was penniless, in order to make a living, he even sold wine vessels. But he did not forget to read, this time he loved to read Liu Zongyuan and Tao Yuanming's poems. He often took a big wine ladle with him, and sang and walked in the fields, composing poems for his own amusement. He also made a lot of civilian friends, and when he was free, he would go to the door, drink and chat with the wild old man, and often gave his neighbors medical treatment and prescriptions. Su Shi's later years in exile overseas were hard, but he remained transcendent and self-indulgent.
In the first month of the third year of the Yuanfu era (1100 AD), Emperor Zhezong died and Emperor Huizong assumed the throne, granting amnesty to the whole country, with the Empress Dowager Xiang as his regent, trying to reconcile the old and the new. In May, Su Shi was pardoned from his exile overseas and was promoted to the Jade Bureau of Guan in Chengdu. During the seven years of exile since Huizhou, nine members of Su Shi's family died. Although life was so cruel to him, in his twilight years he remained optimistic, cheerful and energetic. Su Shi crossed the Qiongzhou Strait in June to return to the north, the moon in the Hum River, he recited: "My heart is so, the moon is full of the river is not turbulent."
The people did not forget the great poet. Su Shi north to return, through the Runzhou, to Changzhou, the canal on both sides of the crowded thousands of people, they go with the boat, scrambling to see the great poet's elegance of the trials and tribulations. However, at this time Su Shi due to the journey has long been sick in the body. Jianzhong Jingguo first year (1101 AD) June, Su Shi lying sick Changzhou, July 28, Su Shi died, a generation of talent fell, died at the age of sixty-six.
Respondent: shaking bad - child first grade 8-30 18:42
Su Shi (1037 ~ 1101), the word Zizhan, the number of Dongpo Jushi, Meishan, Meizhou (now in Sichuan). His family was rich in literary tradition. His grandfather, Su Xu, was a good reader and a good poet. His father, Su Xun, was a renowned writer of ancient texts, and was a mentor to Su Shi and his brother Su Zhe. His mother, Cheng Shi, was a knowledgeable and righteous woman who recounted the "Book of the Later Han Dynasty - Fan Pang's Biography" to the young Su Shi, and encouraged her son to build on his reputation through the exploits of the ancient warriors. By the time Su Shi left Shu and entered the capital at the age of 21, he had matured considerably in his knowledge and training.
Su Shi was a learned man and a liberal thinker, and he was a fish out of water in the ideological atmosphere of the Northern Song Dynasty, which was characterized by the unity of the three religions. Su Zhe recounted Su Shi's reading process is: "the first good Jia Yi, Lu Zhi book, on ancient and modern governance, not for empty words. Both read "Zhuangzi", sighed with regret and said: "I used to see in the mouth, the mouth failed to say. Now see "Zhuangzi", get my heart! ...... after reading Shih's book, deep understanding of the realities of the reference to the hole, the old, Bo argued unhindered, Hao Ran did not see the end of the line." ("deceased brother Zizhan Duanming epitaph") Su Shi not only on Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism, three kinds of thought are readily accepted, and that they were originally connected. He once said, "Zhuangzi cover to help Confucius," Zhuangzi's attitude toward Confucianism is "Yang squeeze and Yin help" ("Zhuangzi Ancestral Hall"). He also believed that "Confucianism and Buddhism do not coincide" and that "they are opposite, but they are used together" (Nanhua zhao ji). This kind of Confucianism system as the root of the idea of Buddhism and Taoism is the philosophical basis of Su Shi's outlook on life.
Su Shi obeyed the political ideals of Confucianism, and at the age of 22, he was awarded a bachelor's degree, and at the age of 26, he was awarded the third grade (the highest grade in the Song Dynasty), and after joining the civil service, he was very diligent in his efforts to be useful to the world. He was a frank and honorable person, and he was determined to reform the government and brave to speak out. Due to the focus on the practical effect of the policy, he was opposed to Wang Anshi's implementation of the new law, and disagreed with Sima Guang's abolition of the new law, which resulted in a number of rejection and crackdowns. When he was in office, he was diligent in politics and tried his best to do more practical things for the local people. He served as a magistrate in Hangzhou, Mizhou, Xuzhou, and Huzhou successively, and made remarkable achievements in locust extermination and disaster relief, as well as flood resistance and dike construction. Even after he was relegated to Huizhou, he donated to repair two bridges. As long as the environment allows, Su Shi always try to make a difference. However, Su Shi had a rough career and was repeatedly relegated, failing to fully utilize his political talents. At the age of 44, Su Shi suffered the "Wutai Poetry Case" and was nearly killed. In his later years, he was relegated again and again to the remote Hainan, eating taro and drinking water, living a hard life with the Li people. Su Shi is not insensitive to suffering, the persecution imposed on his body is not to accept, but a new attitude to deal with the successive misfortunes, the spirit of Confucianism, the spirit of perseverance of the poor, Laozhuang contempt for the limited time and space and the material environment of the transcendental attitude and Zen to the ordinary heart to deal with all the changes in concepts organically combined, so as to do to scorn the ugly and evil, the elimination of pain. This kind of obsession in life and transcendental life paradigm contains firm, calm, optimistic, open-minded spirit, and thus Su Shi in adversity can still maintain a strong interest in life and vigorous creative energy.
Su Shi was subjected to two serious political persecutions in his life, the first one was at the age of 45 when he was deported to Huangzhou for four years because of the "Wutai Poetry Case". The second was at the age of 59 was relegated to Huizhou, 62 years old when relegated to Danzhou, to the age of 65 to meet the pardons north, before and after the relegation of six years. Su Shi died before the self-titled portrait, said: "ask your life's work, Huangzhou, Huizhou, Danzhou." ("Self-inscribed portrait of Jinshan") In terms of his political career, this is of course a self-deprecating remark. But for the literary Su Shi, his worldly achievements were indeed established in the adversity of repeated deportation and banishment. Although Su Shi had long been famous in the literary world, and did not dare to write more poems after he was relegated to Huangzhou for fear of disaster, the Huangzhou period was still a peak in his creative work. Prose such as before and after the Red Cliff Fugue, poems such as "cold food rain two", words such as "Nian Nujiao - Red Cliff Huai Gu" and other masterpieces were created at this time. Su shi was relegated to huizhou, danzhou, has been suffering from the dying man, but the creative passion has not declined, and in the art of entering a new realm of deep and marvelous. The relegation career made Su Shi more profound understanding of society and life, but also make his creation more profound expression of the inner waves of emotion. In the Song Dynasty, some people think that the relegation to Hainan is not Su Shi's misfortune, adversity is the era of the literary genius of the jade.
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