What are the historical origins of pipa?

Pipa, known as? King of plucked instruments? 、? The first plucked instrument? , is a plucked instrument. The following is the historical origin of the pipa I carefully arranged for you. I hope you like it.

The Historical Origin of Pipa

Also known as pipa? Batch? The earliest in history, is the Han dynasty Liu Xi "Shi Ming? Interpretation of musical instruments:? That batch was originally a nonsense, and it immediately turned upside down. Push the hand before saying "approval" and hold the hand when saying "handling", just like when playing drums, because of its name. ? In other words, the pipa is a musical instrument that is played on a horse. It is called a batch when it is ejected forward and a handle when it is picked back. According to its performance characteristics, it is named? Batch? . In ancient times, knocking, striking, bouncing and beating were all called drums. At that time, nomadic people were good at riding horses and playing pipa. Why? Immediately by the drum? . About the Wei and Jin Dynasties, what did the officials call it? Pipa? .

Pipa evolved from straight-necked pipa and curved-necked pipa in history. According to historical records, the straight-necked pipa appeared earlier in China. Qin Hanzi? , a straight-necked pipa, has a round sounding box with a straight handle (with covers on both sides), which was developed from the cymbals at the end of Qin Dynasty. ? Ruan xian? Or? Hey? It is a round wooden sounding box with straight handle, with four strings and twelve columns, and the pipa is played vertically by hand. Ruan Xianshan played this instrument in the Jin Dynasty, so it is commensurate with its name, which is today's Ruan.

During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, cultural exchanges were conducted with the western regions through the Silk Road, and the music pipa was introduced from Persia to China via today's Xinjiang. Qupipa is pear-shaped, with four strings and four phases (without columns), and it is played horizontally with a pick. It prevailed in the Northern Dynasties and spread to the southern Yangtze River basin in the first half of the 6th century.

Among the nine or ten pieces of music in Sui and Tang Dynasties, pipa became the main musical instrument, which played an important role in the development of song and dance art in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. From Dunhuang murals and Yungang stone carvings, we can still see its position in the band at that time.

In the 5th and 6th centuries, with the strengthening of commercial and cultural exchanges between China and western countries, a musical pipa was introduced from Central Asia, which was then called "Hupipa". Its shape is a curved neck, pear-shaped speaker, with four pillars and four strings, much like Ud or UD common in Arab countries now, or Barbat in ancient Persia. Hold the pipa horizontally and play it with a pick. Modern pipa evolved from this kind of music.

In the Tang Dynasty (7th-9th century), the development of pipa reached a peak. At that time, pipa was indispensable from court band to folk singing, and it became a very popular musical instrument at that time, and it was in a dominant position in the band. This grand occasion is recorded in a large number of China's ancient poems. For example, Bai Juyi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, vividly described the performance of pipa and its acoustic effect in his famous poem Pipa. Big strings hum like rain, and small strings whisper like secrets. Buzzing, whispering-then mixing together, like pouring large and small pearls into a plate of jade. "

By the late Tang Dynasty, the pipa had made great progress from playing techniques to production structure. The most outstanding innovation in playing techniques is that the horizontal grip is changed to the vertical grip, and the finger playing directly replaces the pick playing. The most obvious change in the structure of pipa is the increase from four phonemes to sixteen (that is, four phases and twelve tones). At the same time, its neck is widened, and the lower box is narrowed from wide to narrow, which is convenient for the left hand to press the phoneme. Due to the above two reforms, pipa playing technology has been developed unprecedentedly. According to statistics, there are fifty or sixty fingerings of pipa. To sum up, the right-hand fingering is divided into two systems: one is the wheel fingering system, and the other is the snapping system. Left-handed fingering is also divided into two systems: one is shiatsu system, and the other is push-pull system.

By the 5th century A.D./KLOC, a number of Wu Qu, represented by House of Flying Daggers and Farewell My Concubine, and Wen Qu, represented by Moon High, Love in Spring and Revenge for Your Majesty, had appeared in Pipa. The so-called Wu Qu is characterized by realism and the use of right-handed skills; The so-called Wen Qu is characterized by lyricism and the use of left-handed skills. These pieces of music have become the treasures of China national music and pipa art.

Pipa is traditionally pentatonic. By the time of the Republic of China, the piano code had been increased according to the law of twelve averages. At present, the standard pipa has 30 pieces in eight phases, and its expressive force and adaptability have been greatly strengthened. It can play not only traditional music, but also western and modern works, which is conducive to cooperation with symphony orchestras. This has created conditions for further development. In the middle and late 20th century, the art of pipa had a new development. In the production of pipa, the original silk strings were changed into nylon steel strings, and some even used silver strings, which increased the volume and * * * degrees of pipa. In terms of techniques, the use of left thumb and chords has greatly improved the expressive force of pipa again. As a result, a large number of excellent solo works combining traditional music and modern composition theory have emerged, as well as duets of various instruments and pipa concertos of small bands and symphony orchestras. Entering the 2 1 century, the pipa not only returned to its heyday in China, but also attracted more and more attention from music lovers all over the world. Many traditional music and contemporary works are loved by Chinese and foreign audiences. It can be said that pipa has begun to move towards international music.

Play stringed instruments. Liu Xi's Ming Shi called it? Batch? :? The approval of the handle came from the middle of Hu and was immediately drummed. Pushing hands was approved before, but the hands were called handles, just like when playing drums, because of the name? . After approval, it was rewritten as a pipa. From this point of view, pipa is derived from pictophonetic characters.

About the 4th century AD, there were pear-shaped speakers, curved necks, four pillars (now called phase or product) and four strings. String instruments played with plectrum were introduced to the north from India through the western regions. Because its head is bent back, it is different from the straight neck round neck lute that was circulated at that time, so it is called the famous piano. Sui Shu? Music yearbook:? Today's music is pipa, a man of integrity and integrity, and it comes from the western regions, not an ancient musical instrument in China? . Because it comes from Qiuci, it is also called Qiuci Pipa, Tiger Pipa or Huqin. After the Song Dynasty, it was called Pipa. In modern times, the old four-phase pipa with 10, 12 and 13 grades was basically not used, and it was replaced by six-phase pipa with 18, 24, 25 and 28 grades. Arrange according to the law of twelve averages. The back of the pipa is made of rosewood, rosewood and rosewood, and two transverse sound beams and three sound columns are built in the abdomen, which are bonded to the panel. The hand cover is made of mahogany, ox horn, ivory or old bamboo, and there is a sound hole on the inside, also known as? Yin Na? . The first part of the piano is engraved with words such as longevity, music, bat, ruyi and phoenix tail, and some of them are inlaid with jade and precious stones. The neck of the piano is called the phoenix neck, which is connected with the chord groove and the mountain pass. Stick a phoenix pillow on the front and a phoenix pillow on the back. It is made of ox horn, mahogany, ivory or jade. The product is made of bamboo, mahogany, ox horn and ivory, which is the symbol of phoneme. The total length is about 96 cm.

There are twelve kinds of pipa tunes. The commonly used tunes are A, D, E, A .. Pipa ranges from A to A-g3, with six phases and twenty-eight notes. The right hand has fingering such as playing, picking, pinching, rolling, double-playing, double-picking, dividing, hooking, rubbing, buckling, brushing, wheel and half-wheel, and the left hand has skills such as rubbing, reciting, picking up, knocking, virtual pressing, twisting strings, overtones, pushing, pulling, pulling and filling. You can play various chords and chords. It is widely used to accompany national bands and various local operas and quyi. Well-known music includes House of Flying Daggers, Overlord Dismantling, Hanyang Moonlight, Chun Xue, Moon Up, Concerto "Little Sisters of Prairie Heroes" and so on.

Brief introduction of pipa musical instrument

Pipa is a traditional plucked instrument in East Asia with a history of more than 2,000 years. It was originally called. Pipa? This musical instrument appeared around the Qin Dynasty in China. ? Pipa? Two words? Hey? Meaning? Two pieces of jade collide and make a pleasant knock? , indicating that this is an instrument that sounds by plucking the strings. ? Than? Fingers? Equal-row strings . ? Ba? It means that this instrument is always attached to the player, which is different from the harp not touching the human body. Before the Tang Dynasty, the pipa was also a general term for all plucked instruments of the Pipa family in Chinese. Chinese pipa spread to other parts of East Asia and developed into Japanese pipa, Korean pipa and Vietnamese pipa.

Musical instrument structure of pipa

What is the pipa made of? Boss? With what? Body? Composition, the head includes chord groove, chord axis, mountain pass, etc. The fuselage includes phase, taste, sound box, hand cover and other parts.

The first pipa, by? Chord groove, four? Hammer (chord)? 、? Yamaguchi? Equal composition.

The body of the pipa, also called the upper end? Neck? Is that the department? Stage? The upper end of the neck is folded. Pillow? What is the middle and lower part? Smell? What was the name of phase and product in ancient times? Column? , is a phoneme device. The middle and lower part of the fuselage is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom, and the bottom is semi-circular hollow, that is, the sound box; Is the smell stuck in the plane board? Panel? The top four strings are tied at the bottom? Cover your hands? Among the four holes in the panel in the center of the hand cover, there is a small hole called? Yin Na? Or? Sound hole? . The back of the body is called. Pipa back? The upper end of the back is connected with the head, the middle and lower parts are bonded with the panel, and the abdomen has two rungs and several sound columns, which are placed in a certain position; The base materials are rosewood, black material, old mahogany, rosewood, fragrant mahogany and so on. They are all top grade, while white wood is a popular product, because rosewood, mahogany and other wood are good at making natural overtones when playing with them.

Pipa is composed of six phases and twenty-five tones, which constitutes the twelve-tone average law and has a wide range. One string is made of steel wire, and the second, third and fourth strings are made of nylon wrapped with steel rope. Pipa sounds very special, and overtones rank first among all kinds of musical instruments at all times and in all countries. Not only is the volume loud, but the sound quality is crisp and bright. At the same time, the pitch of the pipa is accompanied by rich overtones, which can make the sound of the piano less attenuated and penetrating. When playing in a calm and empty place, the sound of the piano when playing heavy notes with it can spread two or three miles away.

The pronunciation characteristics of high-quality pipa are: