Protection measures of Buyi people's eight-tone sitting singing

To protect this intangible cultural heritage, we must first understand it, let more people know about it, and call on the masses to pass it on:

Buyi people's eight-tone sitting singing, also known as "Buyi eight-tone", is a folk art rap form handed down from generation to generation by Buyi people. The so-called Buyi Eight Tones refers to the traditional rap art that spread from Anshun and Guanling in Zhenning to Zhenfeng in southwest Guizhou. Buyi Eight Tones is also called "Eight Tone Sitting Singing", and the performance team ranges from 8 people to 14 people. Life, beauty, cleanliness and ugliness are all sung without makeup. It is named after the ensemble of eight musical instruments, such as oxleg bone, bamboo tube piano, straight flute, Qin Yue, sanxian, awn bow, cucurbit silk and piccolo. For thousands of years, it has been handed down from village to village in Nanpanjiang River Basin. According to legend, the prototype of Buyi Eight Tones belongs to court elegant music, mainly playing. After the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, due to the aesthetic consciousness of Buyi people, it gradually developed into a folk art form with silk and bamboo instruments as the main accompaniment.

Tracing back to history:

According to historical records, Bayin spread in the Buyi inhabited areas of Xingyi, Anlong, Ceheng and Wangmo in Guizhou as early as the Tang and Song Dynasties. Zhou Qufei, a Song Dynasty poet, said in Answer to Pingnan Music Outside the Ridge: "All counties in Guangxi can have fun together, and there is no need for music in all villages, such as sacrifices, weddings and funerals. Although they plow the fields, they will be happy, and drums and flutes will be played every day. Qiu Cheng recruits many musicians to teach his disciples every year, but they can't hear their rhyme. " Pingnan County, Zhou Xun is an ancient Duke of Zhou. It has an old teaching workshop, which is different from others. Sometimes, officials in the teaching workshop have left Pingnan to teach local people to have fun together. So far, they can spread their voice. "During the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, folk customs and festive contents were added to the eight-tone aria, and the characteristics of other operas were absorbed, which greatly enriched the aria content. In the Qing dynasty, "playing and singing is one of the eight-tone industries, and all kinds of plays, such as life, poetry, purity, ugliness, etc., are sung without makeup ..." (according to Notes on Qing Dynasty). At this point, octave has developed into a folk art singing method. According to relevant data, Buyi Ba Yin was once popular in Ming and Qing Dynasties. In the Buyi village in Panjiang Valley, there is a music workshop "Bayintang" that teaches Buyi Bayintang skills, and the Bayintang team performing Bayintang has more than 300 people. After the founding of New China, Xingyi Buyi Bayin Orchestra has been invited to perform at home and abroad for many times, and it is known as "Wonderful Flower of Panjiang", "Sound of Nature", "Living Fossil of Sound" and "Art Pearl of Nanpanjiang".

Regional environment:

Venue: Buyi Bayin Sitting Singing (referred to as Buyi Bayin for short) is mainly spread in Yanhe Town, Xingyi City, Southwest Guizhou Province, and some areas of Nanpanjiang River Basin.

Geographical environment: Xingyi City is located at the junction of Yunnan, Guizhou and Guangxi provinces (regions), between east longitude 104 32' and north latitude 105 1 1', and between north latitude 24 38' and 25 23', which is Kunming (Kunming). It is the political, economic, cultural and information center in the southwest of Guizhou Province and the seat of the government. It is an advanced county (city) with good geographical location, transportation and resource advantages. The land area of the city is 29 1 1. 1 km2, with a total population of about 756,200, including about179,500 ethnic minorities. There are more than 30 ethnic minorities such as Buyi, Miao, Yi, Hui, Zhuang and Mongolian, among which Buyi accounts for more than 70%.

There is a national scenic spot, Maling River Canyon, with typical karst multi-level landforms and natural landscapes, which are famous for ground fissures, waterfalls and calcium carbonate hanging. It stretches for hundreds of miles and consists of thousands of strange peaks. It is magnificent, with dense and peculiar peaks and perfect overall shape. It was once praised by Xu Xiake, a geographer and traveler in Ming Dynasty: "A thousand miles is magnificent, better than the southwest" and "the peaks in the world are the only peaks", with a unique conical karst geological landscape-Wan Fenglin; There are many natural landscapes and rich ethnic customs here, such as Feng Wan Lake, a plateau scenery with vast misty waves, beautiful mountains and rivers, and lakes and mountains, ranking among the five largest freshwater lakes in China.

Xingyi is a city with low latitude and high altitude, with an average altitude of1100m, annual average rainfall of1512mm, long sunshine time, annual average temperature of 16.8℃ and frost-free period of 3 15 days. It has obvious subtropical monsoon humid climate characteristics, including

Artistic features:

Whenever people talk about "Buyi Eight Tones" and "Eight Tone Singing", they always ask: What does this "Eight Tones" mean? Why do you call her "Eight Tones"? What does she stand for? As we know, in the history of China music, the title "Eight Tones" first appeared in the Zhou and Qin Dynasties. At that time, musical instruments were divided into eight categories according to different materials: gold, stone, earth, leather, silk, wood, bamboo and bamboo. This is the "eight tones". Later, it was generally called musical instrument. And what is the relationship between the "Eight Tones" of "Buyi Eight Tones" and the "Eight Tones" of China music history? The "Eight Tones" in Buyi Eight Tones and Eight Tone Singing are now interpreted as eight musical instruments, namely: Xiao Tong, Niujiaohu, Huluqin, Yueqin, Drum, Gong and Chai.

"Eight Tones" is the name of the instrumental group. Eight-tone performance is generally an ensemble. When Zhou Qufei talked about the "Eight Tones" in the book "A Generation Beyond the Ridge" in the Southern Song Dynasty, he said: "Pingnan County is an ancient Duke of Zhou and has an old teaching workshop, which is different." Sometimes I am an official in the teaching workshop and go to Pingnan to teach the natives to have fun together. The voice is still heard. "Whether it's" Yue Fu Da Yi "or" Teaching Native Ensemble ",it means that there are many musical instruments in the band, and the playing form is ensemble. Judging from the music scores and folk performances handed down now, the characteristics of "music harmony" have been proved.

The Buyi people's eight-tone sitting singing is called "Wanbodi" in Buyi language, which means playing and playing. Eight-tone sitting singing is carried out in a circle with eight musical instruments, such as ox bone Hu (ox horn Hu), gourd Qin (gourd Hu), thorn drum (bamboo drum), flute tube, hairpin and gong. In the performance, the story is told by the "jump" in the first person and explained by the "jump" in the third person. Le Lang, Leyou, Muye and other Buyi musical instruments were also included. When singing, male artists often use high octaves, while female artists sing in the original tune, which can not only produce a strong contrast between pitch and timbre, but also increase the interest of singing. When singing, we sing in Buyi language and speak and sing in Chinese, which is divided into low voice and peaceful voice, and the role is shared by the band members. There are more than 30 kinds of tunes, such as positive tune, positive tune, out of tune, self-track tune, long tune, inverted long tune, anti-spring tune, tea pouring tune and drinking tune, which can be played alone or sung while playing.

The forms of expression are playing and singing, playing and singing the same drama, etc. The melody of "Eight Tones Sitting Singing" is simple and smooth, melodious and melodious. It is often played on national festivals, weddings, funerals, building houses, birthdays and other occasions. It is a national rap art form deeply loved by Buyi people. The most representative traditional programs are Buyi wedding customs, He Xitang, Hu and Nanxiang, welcoming guests, singing, toast song and Liang Zhu. , mainly including: Fu Mantang, He Shoutang, Ge Ran, Visiting Tang, etc. Sitting and singing a fragment of Hu and Nanyang; Fragments of the Buyi drama "Loose Clothes and Fixed Feelings"; The finale "Song of a Prosperous Age: High-spirited" is based on Buyi folk oral literature, folk music and rap art, which shows Buyi people's love for life, longing for harvest, pursuit of love and lashing ugliness. Because of its long history, elegance and rich national characteristics, it is called the living fossil of sound and the sound of nature.

Inherited value:

Buyi people's eight-tone sitting singing has developed from pure instrumental music to performing singing, to eight-tone sitting singing, and then to Buyi opera, forming a unique scene of four musical forms sharing the same clan. Moreover, these four musical forms have not been "swept away" by history, but now they coexist, forming "four kinds of music under one roof", which is of great value and provides a living specimen for studying the evolution and development of folk literature and art. On May 20, 2006, Quyi was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage lists.

The eight-tone singing method of Buyi nationality is gradually created and formed in the long-term production and life practice. It is deeply rooted in the Buyi people, has distinct Buyi characteristics and a broad mass base, and is the representative of excellent national culture. It can be said that the eight-tone sitting singing is not only the crystallization of the wisdom of the Buyi people, but also a treasure in the treasure house of China Quyi. [4]

Protective measures:

The state attaches great importance to the protection of intangible cultural heritage. On May 20th, 2006, Quyi was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.