The full text of everlasting regret?

Bai Juyi

Bai Juyi (772-846), whose real name was Lotte, was later named Xiangshan Jushi. Originally from Taiyuan (now Shanxi), he moved to Xiaao (now Weinan, Shaanxi). A famous poet in Tang Dynasty. In the 16th year of Zhenyuan (800), he was a scholar, from the school bookkeeper to the left. During this period, he cared about state affairs, wrote books, wrote many satirical poems, and demanded to get rid of the disadvantages. He was demoted to Jiangzhou Sima because of the jealousy of powerful people. Since then, he has been forced to avoid disasters and has served as a secretariat in Zhongzhou, Hangzhou and Suzhou. The official final review of the ministers of punishments. Bai Juyi advocated that "articles should be written in time, and songs and poems should be written for things" ("Nine Books with the Same Yuan"). Together with Yuan Zhen, he was an advocate of the new Yuefu in the middle Tang Dynasty, and created a number of new Yuefu poems that profoundly exposed the dark reality of society. Today, there are more than 3,000 poems, the highest in the Tang Dynasty. In art, Bai Juyi's poems are famous for their simplicity and fluency, which were widely circulated at that time, and were called "Bai Yuan" with Yuan Zhen. There is Bai Changqing Collection.

The emperor of China is eager to shake the beauty of an empire. He has been looking for it for many years, but he has never found it.

Until a child of the Yang family grew up in the inner room, almost before she grew up, and no one knew her.

However, due to god's gift and undisguised grace, he was finally elected as a member of the royal family one day [4].

As long as she turned her head and smiled, a hundred spells were cast, and the powder and paint in the sixth house disappeared without a trace.

It was early spring. They bathed her in a pure pool, which warmed and smoothed her cream-colored skin.

As she was weak, a maid was holding her, when the emperor first noticed her and chose her as his bride.

On a spring night, the warm hibiscus curtains covered her fluttering hair, petals on her cheeks and golden ripples on her head.

But the night in spring is short and the sun rises too fast. Since then, the emperor has given up his early hearing.

He wastes all his time on parties and revelry. He is the lover of spring and the tyrant of night.

There are other ladies in his court, 3,000 of whom are stunning beauties, but his love for 3,000 is concentrated on one person.

The Golden House dresses up for the night [1 1]. When the table is cleared in the Jade Tower, she just idles and drinks slowly.

Sisters and brothers are listed in the soil [12], and because she illuminates and glorifies her clan so much [13].

When she gave birth to a girl instead of a boy, she brought happiness to every father and mother in the whole empire.

... from Li Palace, into the blue clouds [15], overlooking the breeze with magic sound.

Soft songs and slow dances, string and bamboo music [16], the emperor's eyes are never enough to stare at her.

Until the war drums, which exploded from Yuyang, shook the earth [17], breaking the tune of rainbow skirts and feather clothes [18].

The Forbidden City, a nine-story palace, is hidden in the dust, and thousands of chariots and horses are marching southwest.

When the imperial flag opened, it suddenly moved and stopped, 30 miles from the capital and passed the west gate.

The army stopped, and no one would stir [22], and Emei died in front of the horse [23].

The flower hairpin fell to the ground and no one picked it up [24], a green and white Hosta and a golden hairy bird [25].

The emperor couldn't save her, so he had to cover his face. Later, when he turned to look, there was blood and tears.

Hidden in the yellow dust blown by the cold wind, they crossed a cloud line at the crack of the path of the dagger tower [26].

Under Emei Mountain. The last few came, and the flags and banners lost their colors in the fading sun.

But the water in Shu is always green and the mountains are always blue, so your majesty's love is constant and deeper than the sky.

He stared at the desolate moon from his temporary palace, and he heard the bells in the late rain cutting his chest.

On this day, I returned to Yulong [30], and the emperor clung to it and refused to leave.

That memory, that pain. Where is her white face? [3 1] Among Maweipo clay figurines.

Rulers and lords, when their eyes met, cried on their coats. They rode horses, loosened the reins and slowly returned to the capital [32].

Pool, garden, palace, everything is the same as before, Taiye Lake hibiscus, Weiyang Palace willow [33].

But the petals are like her face, and the willow leaves are like her eyebrows. Whenever he looks at them, what can he do but cry? .

Peach and plum trees are in bloom. In the spring wind, after the autumn rain, the leaves fall to the ground.

There is a lot of autumn grass in Xigong Nanyuan [34], and there are red leaves piled up on the steps that nobody sweeps.

Bai Fuxin, a disciple of Li Yuan [35], and the eunuch kept a close eye on her pepper yard; [36].

Fireflies were flying on the throne, and he was meditating in the twilight. He will extend the wick to its end and still never fall asleep. [37].

Bells and drums slowly sounded the long night, and before dawn, the rivers of stars in the sky became clearer and clearer.

And the porcelain mandarin ducks on the roof grow thick morning cream [40], who is cold and who is emerald ***[4 1]?

The distance between life and death is year after year, but no beloved soul has visited his dream.

There lived a Taoist priest in Lingqiong, who was a guest of heaven [42] and could be sincere to the depths of his soul.

People were moved by the emperor's constant meditation, and they begged the Taoist priest to see if he could find her.

He blazed a trail in space, cutting through the sky like lightning, rising into the sky, drilling underground and looking around.

Above, he looked for the green void, below, the yellow spring [44], but in these two places, he couldn't find the person he was looking for.

Then he heard a story about a magical island at sea, which is part of the invisible world.

There are pavilions in the colorful air [45], and exquisite immortals move back and forth [46].

And one of them-they call it forever true, has a face like her snow and flowers [47].

So he came to the golden gate of the West Hall, knocked on the Jasper Gate [48], and asked a girl named Xiaoyu to tell Shuang Perfect [49].

This lady, after hearing the news of Emperor China's envoy, woke up from her dream in her canopy.

She pushed open the pillow, got dressed, shook off her drowsiness, opened the pearly curtain, and then opened the silver screen.

Because she left in such a hurry, her muddy hair ornaments hung aside, and when she came along the platform, her flowered hat was loose.

The breeze blew her cloak and fluttered with her movements, as if she were dancing in a rainbow skirt and feather coat.

Tears fell from her sad pale face, like spring rain on pear flowers.

Express gratitude to the king. Since they broke up, his appearance and voice are strange to her.

Because happiness has ended in the court of the bright sun, the moon and dawn have become long in Xianshan Palace.

But when she turned and looked down at the earth, trying to see the capital, there was only fog and dust.

So she took out the keepsake he gave to [57] and gave a box of gold hairpin to [58].

Keep a box and a fan [59], and hold the gold box and divide the cymbals [60].

"Our souls belong to each other," she said, "just like this gold and this shell." Somewhere, at some time, on earth or in heaven, we will be together.

She sent him a message through his messenger, reminding him that only the hearts of the two of them knew the oath.

On the seventh day of July, in the Palace of Eternal Life [6 1], we secretly told each other in the quiet midnight world.

We hope to fly in heaven, and two birds will become one wing and grow together on the earth, two branches of a tree. [63].

The earth endures, and the sky endures; One day both will end, and this endless sadness will last forever.

To annotate ...

[1] In the first year of Yuanhe, Bai Juyi was appointed as the county magistrate of the whole county (now Zhouzhi, Shaanxi). One day, he and his friends Chen Hong and Wang Zhifu visited the Youxian Temple near Mamianyi and talked about Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty and Yang Guifei. Wang Zhifu believes that excellent works like this will be ignored with the passage of time if they are not polished on a large scale. He encouraged Bai Juyi: "Lotte is deeper than poetry and more than lovers. How about trying to sing? " So Bai Juyi wrote this poem. Chen Hong also wrote a legendary Song of Eternal Sorrow.

[2] Emperor Gaozu: refers to Li Longji, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. Heavy color: love women. Fall in love with the country: a stunning woman Classic "Hanshu"? On your spouse? : (Li) Yan Nian danced with his entourage and sang:' There are beautiful women in the north, and they are peerless and independent. Take care of the city first, then the country. I would rather not know the whole city, the whole country, and it is hard to get another beauty! " "

[3] Yu Yu: If you control the space, you rule the world.

[4] "Yang Jiajiang" four sentences: Originally the daughter of Yang, the head of the household department, she went to Chang 'an with her uncle Yang Xuanyan. He married Li Mao, the son of Emperor Xuanzong of the Shouwang Dynasty. Later, Li Longji took a fancy to it and wanted to keep it for himself. Because of her birthright, she was allowed to go out of the palace to be a female Taoist, and then she was welcomed back to the palace. Bai Juyi called it "kept in the inner room, and no one knew her", so it was kept secret.

[5] Liu Gong Dai Dai: refers to all the concubines in the palace. The ancient queen's bedroom, a master bedroom, and five swallow bedrooms make up six palaces. Powder is used to wipe the face, and Diane is used to caress the eyebrows. They are all female cosmetics, which refers to ladies-in-waiting. No color: it means that it is not beautiful in contrast.

[6] Huaqingchi: There are many hot springs on Mount Li. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty often went to shelter from the cold, built many baths and built a hot spring palace, which was later renamed Huaqing Palace.

[7] Condensing fat: It describes the white, tender and moist skin.

[8] New Cheng Enze: Just got the favor of the emperor.

[9] Jin Buyao: A kind of jewelry, which is made of gold wire and decorated with beads and jade, is inserted in a bun and shakes with the footsteps when walking, hence the name.

[10] Lotus curtain: a curtain embroidered with lotus patterns. Lotus. Lotus.

[1 1] Jinwu: According to the story of Hanwu, when Emperor Wu was a child, his aunt princess royal once hugged him and asked, "Do you want a wife?" He said, "I want a woman." Princess royal pointed to her daughter and asked, "How is Gillian?" He smiled and replied: "Good! If Gillian is a wife, it will be saved as a golden house. " According to "The Legend of Tai Zhen", Yang Yuhuan has a toilet in Huaqing Palace, which is famous for its architecture. The "Golden House" should refer to this.

[12] Dumping: soil is cracked and sealed. Column, pass "crack". After Yang Yuhuan was made the imperial concubine, the family was favored. Her elder sister is called Mrs. Koryo, her third sister is called Mrs. Powerful Country, and her eighth sister is called Mrs. Qin, and her cousin Yang Sawan, an official of Hong Yuqing, an official of Yang Kun, an official of the Empire, and an official of the right Prime Minister Yang Zhao.

[13] poor: lovely and admirable. Pity, love and admiration.

[14] A sentence of "not heavy": According to the legend of Song of Eternal Sorrow, the folk song at that time said, "Don't be sad and unhappy when you have a daughter, but don't be happy when you have a boy", and "A man is not a concubine of his daughter, but a lintel on the door".

[15] Li Palace: Huaqing Palace. Because it is on Mount Li, it is named Li Palace.

[16] Coagulation: Coagulation. This means that songs, dances and music are closely related.

[17] Yuyang: the name of Tang County, which governs Jixian County in Tianjin today. During the Anshi Rebellion, Pinglu, Fanyang and Hedong were our envoys, and Yuyang was one of the eight counties under their jurisdiction. Leather: a small drum used in the ancient army.

[18] Colorful Feather: a famous dance music in the Tang Dynasty. According to legend, the music presented by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was polished by Xi Liang.

[19] Jiuzhong City Que: refers to the capital Chang 'an. The ancients thought that the sky was nine times heavy, and the capital was the place where the son of heaven lived, so it was a cloud. Dust: refers to the occurrence of war.

[20] Take a carriage. Southwestern Travel: In June of the 15th year of Tianbao (755), An Lushan broke Tongguan, and Li Longji left Chang 'an by Yanqimen and fled to the southwest.

[2 1] Cui Hua: A flag decorated with kingfisher feathers is used as a ceremonial ceremony for the emperor. This refers to the emperor's carriage.

[22] Sixth Army: The army commanded by the ancient emperor refers to the imperial army that escorted Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty.

[23] Wanzhuan: The body turns over and over. Emei: another name for beauty. This refers to Yang Guifei. Ma Qian died: Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty traveled westward to Mayi Post (now Xingping, Shaanxi Province), more than a hundred miles away from Chang 'an. He belonged to the imperial army and refused to March, so he asked Yang He to punish his brothers and sisters as civilians. Xuanzong had to do this to save himself.

[24] tián: Flower-shaped jewelry made of gold and jade. Entrust land: discard it on the ground.

[25] Cuiqiao: Jewelry shaped like the tail feather of a kingfisher. Goldfinch: A golden hairpin in the shape of a sparrow. Jade scratch head: jade hairpin.

[26] Yunsou: A plank road rises into the sky. Jiange: Jianmenguan is a pass between Dajianshan and Xiaojian Mountain, in the north of Jiange County, Sichuan Province.

[27] Emei Mountain: In today's Emei County, Sichuan. On the way to Shu, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty did not pass through Emei Mountain, which generally refers to the high mountain in Shu.

[28] Palace: the place where the emperor stayed when he left Beijing.

[29] Night Rain Rings the Bell: "Ming Taizu Miscellaneous Notes"? Addendum: "Fortunately, Ming Di was in Shu, traveling southwest, and the first person was inclined to the valley. It rained for ten days. In the middle of the plank road, he heard the ringtone corresponding to the mountain. The noble lady in the world is mourning, and her voice is chosen as "Rain Bell" to express her hatred. "It's whispered here.

[30] The sky turns to the sun: it is still said that the clouds are scattered and the situation is changing. Huilongguan: When Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty fled to Shu, his son Hengli ascended the throne for Tang Suzong in Lingwu. After the army recovered Chang 'an, he sent a prince to Shu to welcome Xuanzong back to Beijing. Yulong, the driver of the emperor's chariot.

[3 1] Empty Dead Land: Seeing Yang Guifei's death in vain.

[32] Letter: Suit yourself.

[33] Grandfather: the name of the pool in the palace of the Han Dynasty. Weiyang: the name of the palace in Han Dynasty. This is a Chinese vocabulary borrowed from the Tang Dynasty.

[34] Xigong: Tang Taiji Palace, also known as Xinei. Nanyuan: Tang Xingqing Palace, also known as Nannei. After Emperor Xuanzong returned to Beijing, he lived in Xingqing Palace for the first time as an emperor. Su Zong and his cronies were afraid of his restoration and moved him to Taiji Palace, almost under house arrest in disguise.

[35] Liyuan disciple: a musician trained by Xuanzong himself. Lu Yong: "In the second year of Kaiyuan, a teaching workshop was set up in Penglai Palace to teach music by itself, which was called' disciple of Liyuan'. To Tianbao, that is, the East Palace gathers Yichun Beiyuan, and orders 100 maids to be disciples of Liyuan, that is. Liyuan', according to the promised land; And the former teacher, named' disciple' ear. "

[36] Pepper House: the palace where empresses live. Because the wall is coated with pepper and soil to get its fragrance and warmth, it is named pepper room. Jian: the official title of a maid-in-waiting. Qing 'e: refers to a beautiful young maid-in-waiting.

[37] Pick out the solitary lamp: In ancient times, oil lamps were used for lighting. In order to make the light bright, we should pick out the lamp grass later. According to the reporter's understanding, the Tang Xuanzong Palace extended the night to light candles instead of oil lamps, aiming to describe the bitterness of Xuanzong's living environment in his later years.

[38] Delay: unusually slow. Used to describe the mood when you can't sleep at night. The original start and end time of the bell and drum was intended to emphasize the subjective feelings of Xuanzong in Tang Dynasty.

[39] worry: the appearance is bright. Want to dawn: When will the night dawn?

[40] Yuanyang tile: Two tiles are called Yuanyang tile, which is called Yuanyang tile for short. Frost flower: Frost flower.

[4 1] Jade quilt (qρn): a quilt embroidered with jade birds. Who and * * *: Who and * * *.

[42] Lin Qiong (qióng): County name, that is, Qionglai, Sichuan today. Hongduke: Chang 'an Guest. Hongdu, the name of Luoyang Palace, the capital of the Eastern Han Dynasty, refers to Chang 'an. One said that "Hongduke" refers to the immortal middleman.

[43] Empty air control: I still say that I am walking on clouds.

[44] Poverty: Extremely poor and exhausted, which means looking everywhere. Blue sky: The ancients thought that the sky had nine weights, and the top layer was called blue sky; There are nine floors underground, and the bottom floor is called the grave. So it's also called nine days and nine springs.

[45] Five clouds: colorful clouds.

[46] Graceful: Describe beauty and charm.

[47] Jagged (C275N275Cī): It means like, almost.

[48] Golden Que: A magnificent fairy palace que. Knock: Knock. Jing refers to a door or knocker, and refers to a door leaf.

[49] Xiaoyu and Shuangcheng are both female names in ancient myths and legends, which are used to refer to Yang Yuhuan's maids in Xianfu. Xiaoyu, Bai Juyi's Song of Makeup Feathers has a saying "Wuyao Xiaoyu flies like smoke", which means: "(Wu Wang) Xiaoyu, the daughter of Fuxi, appeared in the king after her death. Its mother holds it, and it is like a cloud of smoke. "Twin cities, legend has it that the maid of the Queen Mother of China and the West is Dong. The meaning of this sentence is that my husband's hospital is heavy, and he must toss and turn to inform.

[50] Jiuhua Curtains: Painted with colored curtains. It is said that it is also the property of the Queen Mother of the West.

[5 1] Pearl foil (bó): curtain woven with pearl thread. Screen: screen. Y ǐ li: All the time.

[52] New sleep: I just woke up. Sleep, wake up

[53] May: Sleeves.

[54] withered: vertical and horizontal.

[55] Concentration (dì): Gaze.

[56] Zhaoyang Hall: The name of the palace in Han Dynasty where Zhao, the empress of Emperor Hancheng, lived, refers to the room where she lived in Chang 'an before her death. Absolutely: broken.

Penglai Palace: refers to Yang Yuhuan's bedroom in Xianfu. Penglai, one of the legendary three immortals on the sea.

[58] diàn box: a box inlaid with golden flowers. Send the general: ask the Taoist priest to take him.

[59] The sentence of "Chai Liu": Chai is composed of two strands, one is taken away and the other is left behind; The box consists of two halves, one half is taken away and the other half is left. [60] Qing (Bo): Separate. Divide the box into cymbals: half a golden flower pattern on the cymbals.

[6 1] July 7th: The seventh day of July in the summer calendar is the traditional Chinese festival Tanabata. It is said that the cowherd and weaver girl in the sky crossed the Milky Way on this night. Immortal Hall: Built on Mount Li in the first year of Tianbao (742), it is called "Jilingtai" and is dedicated to the gods. On the other hand, the concubines of the Tang Dynasty lived in the bedroom, commonly known as the Palace of Immortality.

[62] Two-winged bird: The legendary bird, whose real name is mule, flies with both sexes and with Qi Fei.

[63] Connecting branches: The roots of two trees are different but the branches and leaves are connected.

point out

This is a long narrative poem, which can be divided into four paragraphs. The first paragraph from the beginning to "having a girl is happier than having a boy" describes the meeting between Li and Yang and Li's love for Yang. In the second paragraph, from "... Gao Rose Li Palace" to Yun Lan "Go" to that memory, that depression. Where is her jade-white face? " It is written that the rebellion broke out and the imperial concubine died, and Xuanzong was deeply hurt. In the third paragraph, from "the meeting between the monarch and the minister, tears spilled on the skirt" to "the old friend is not dreaming", after returning to Chang' an, I miss Yang. The fourth paragraph describes Yang's loyalty to Li from "Lingqiong is a Taoist priest who lives in heaven" to the end. Although the description of Li and Yang's love affair in the whole poem has certain historical facts and legendary basis, it also incorporates the author's artistic imagination and thoughts and feelings, so this narrative poem has romantic legend and rich lyrical atmosphere.

This poem tells a beautified court love tragedy. The author is full of ridicule for Li's mistakes in indulging his country in his early years. The author feels sorry for Li and Yang's later parting of life and death. The author deeply sympathizes with the deep feelings between Li and Yang, despite the barriers between man and nature. Although the content of this poem is also ironic, the tone is obviously sympathy and appreciation.

The plot of this poem is tortuous and vivid, both because of the bizarre love affair between Li and Yang itself and because of the poet's careful conception. It stands to reason that by the time the imperial concubine died, the tragedy had been completed, but the author was ingenious. He wrote Xuanzong's thoughts on Yang on his way to Sichuan, back to Beijing and back to Chang 'an, and wrote the emotional activities of the characters in detail, which promoted the plot to continue to develop in depth. This not only gave birth to a series of plots in the fourth paragraph, which made the poem rise again, but also wrote the real feelings of ordinary people in The Emperor, which greatly aggravated the tragic atmosphere of the story and strengthened the theme of "Eternal Sorrow"

The author made great efforts to shape two characters. For Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, it mainly highlights that he indulged in the wrong country in the early stage and loved one Yang in the later stage. For Yang Guifei, the focus is on her beautiful charm and her loyalty to Xuanzong after she entered the fairy. The author went deep into the inner world of two characters and vividly wrote their psychological activities. For example, in the third paragraph, the following words "fireflies are flying on the throne while he is meditating in the twilight." Describe Xuanzong's psychological activities from evening to night, late at night, dawn and early morning; For example, in the fourth paragraph, "The news of Madam He, the special envoy of the emperor in China", these sentences describe the feelings of the imperial concubine, such as shock, excitement, uncertainty, longing, injustice, sadness and gratitude. Poets try their best to figure out the inner activities of characters and give full play to their artistic imagination, so their writing is quite reasonable. This poem is beautiful in narrative, easy and lyrical, touching and delicate, well organized, coherent, beautiful and lively in language, natural and smooth; The rhetorical devices such as antithesis, parallelism and thimble are skillfully and roundly used. These artistic features, coupled with the above, make this poem regarded as the swan song of ancient songs by later generations.

New College Chinese Edited by Xie Xiling and Li Jianming.