Brief introduction of agricultural development in Han history

Han ancestors invented agriculture very early. In the Neolithic cultural sites in the Yellow River valley and the Yangtze River valley, stone farm tools and crop remains found in some sites prove this. Han ancestors planted millet, millet, millet, rice, glutinous rice, vegetables, roe deer, hemp and so on. Invented sericulture and reeling, domesticated pigs, chickens, dogs and other livestock and poultry. Later, wheat, corn, cotton, sweet potato, potato, peanut, tobacco, beet and other crops were introduced.

Han ancestors first invented and used double-toothed wood chisel, shovel-shaped stone chisel and bone chisel to cultivate land. There were metal farm tools in the Zhou Dynasty. The iron plow was invented in the 6th century BC, and the plow wall was designed and installed in the 2nd-/kloc-0th century BC, which greatly improved the digging efficiency. At the same time, iron hoes have been widely used. In the 2nd century BC, cymbals and unicycles were invented. In 1 century, the keel waterwheel was invented. These inventions greatly changed the face of agriculture in China, thus laying a solid foundation for the establishment of a huge, unified and centralized feudal regime.

Traditional agriculture of Han nationality belongs to intensive agriculture in the east. It is characterized by paying attention to the deep ploughing and maturation of soil, extensively accumulating and applying various organic fertilizers, carrying out individual plant cultivation, reasonable close planting, multiple cropping in rotation and interplanting, and paying attention to cultivation management. This is in sharp contrast with the development of western leisure agriculture from extensive agriculture to single planting.

Thanks to thousands of years of farming experience, Han's ancestors left a wealth of agricultural works in China. Many pre-Qin classics have agronomy articles, such as Guan Zi Di Zi Yuan, Shang Yu Shu Gong, Li Zhou Zhi Fang, etc., which record the soil classification and products in various places. Record special events and farming activities in spring, summer, autumn and winter. Four agricultural monographs, Lu, Book of Rites, Spring and Autumn Annals, Going to Agriculture and Man-Land, discuss the principles and specific practices of attaching importance to agriculture, intensive cultivation, fertilization, irrigation and not going against the farming season.

In the Han Dynasty, agronomy has become a specialized subject. The most famous agricultural works, such as Debate on Soil, summarize the experience of farmers in Guanzhong area, which is characterized by advocating "regional planting method" of intensive cultivation and "planting method" of treating seeds with chemical fertilizers and pesticides before sowing. At that time, the "four-person monthly order" of agricultural work described the routine agricultural activities every month. Jia Sixie's Judgment in the Northern Wei Dynasty is the first systematic agricultural work in China, which tells the technical knowledge from agriculture to various food processing.

It is an agricultural monograph published in the Song Dynasty, which specializes in studying agriculture in southern rice areas. In the Yuan Dynasty, Wang Zhen's Calligraphy comprehensively summarized the agricultural production experience since the Northern Wei Dynasty, highlighting the description of agricultural technology and tool creation. Qi Yaomin, written by Xu Guangqi in the Ming Dynasty, discusses in detail the problems of farm tools, agricultural technology, soil, water conservancy, fertilization, seed selection, transplanting, mulberry planting and sericulture, fruit grafting and so on. The planting techniques of cotton and sweet potato were introduced emphatically. In addition, there are many agricultural books carved in different dynasties and regions.

Li Hongzhang and Zhang Zhidong of the Westernization School in modern times, Liang Qichao and Tan Sitong of the Reform School, and Sun Yat-sen, the leader of the revolutionary school, all attached great importance to developing agriculture through science and technology and vigorously promoted agricultural modernization. /kloc-from the second half of the 9th century to the first half of the 20th century, China people translated a large number of foreign agricultural scientific and technological works, founded agricultural schools, hired foreign agronomists as teachers with high salaries, sent overseas students to study abroad, and strived to cultivate their own new agricultural technical talents. Fight for h

The new agricultural research in China pays attention to discovering its own fine agricultural tradition, investigating and popularizing the production experience and technology summarized by predecessors, and summarizes the eight-character policy of "soil, fertilizer, water, planting, density, safety, management and industry", and vigorously advocates scientific planting. At the same time, efforts should be made to develop the production of agricultural machinery, fertilizers, pesticides and plastic films, and western modern agricultural production technologies should be adopted if conditions permit. Actively carry out research in high-tech fields such as genetic engineering, modern cell culture technology and high photosynthetic efficiency breeding.