The origin of filial piety culture is 24 filial piety? what do you think?

First, the historical evolution of filial piety culture in China

Germination and initial development

Filial piety, as a social ideology, was born with the appearance of human society. There is a sentence in The Book of Songs, the earliest collection of poems in China, which fully explains the original meaning of filial piety: in the process of productive labor and constant struggle with nature, it is a sacrificial activity that respects and worships ancestors. During the Western Zhou Dynasty, the original meaning of filial piety gradually bid farewell to obscurity and thinness and became obvious. With the development of social productive forces, human beings have realized the importance of human resources, that is, "many hands make light work". Filial piety, reflected in ideology, has been given a new meaning-bearing children and carrying on the family line. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, social progress made people's understanding of nature and ghosts and gods tend to be rational in production practice. The disintegration of patriarchal clan system has made people's ancestor worship activities from complex to simple; The establishment of a family form based on the system of "one husband and one hundred mu of land" made supporting parents the most basic obligation of blood relationship in the family, and being kind to parents became the core content of filial piety culture at that time. A hundred schools of thought contended during the Warring States period, which brought great ideological liberation to the whole society. Confucius, the originator of Confucian culture in China, closely revolved around the core connotation of good parents, enriched and developed the profound connotation of filial piety culture, put forward the idea of "benevolence", found a reasonable human foundation and philosophical argument for the integration of filial piety into Confucian traditional culture, and completed the transformation of filial piety from religion to morality and from clan ethics to family ethics. With the continuous improvement of Confucian masters such as Ceng Zi and Mencius, China's filial piety culture has been fully developed. In the Han Dynasty, filial piety began to enter the political arena and was brought into the feudal moral system, which became the ideological basis of China's feudal patriarchal autocratic rule. Dong Zhongshu, a great Confucian in Han Dynasty, clearly put forward and systematically demonstrated the theory of "two cardinal guides", and determined the ethical relationship between father and son, monarch and minister, and husband and daughter. Filial piety began to directly obey the moral standard of "father is son" and indirectly serve "the monarch is the minister and the husband is the wife" Since the Han Dynasty, rulers or thinkers of all dynasties have consciously regarded filial piety culture as the ethical and spiritual basis of feudal political rule.

(2) Prosperity and peak.

After the Jin Dynasty, the feudal society in China developed rapidly, and the feudal rulers strengthened their rule over the people in terms of power. Filial piety has become a magic weapon for them to imprison people's thoughts and paralyze people's consciousness. They often preach some examples that violate the basic ethics of human relations and the "model" of filial piety, such as "burying children", "Tang's wife's wet nurse" and "begging for carp on the ice", so that people absolutely obey feudal ethics. However, the "dilemma of loyalty and filial piety" since ancient times and the "unity of family and country" in feudal society are not an absolute unity, and people often have conflicts on the issue of respecting the monarch and filial piety. In order to strengthen the rule, feudal rulers educated the people on loyalty, filial piety and ignorance, and the ethical rationality of filial piety culture was gradually covered up by its feudal mystery. Father and son in the family, husband and wife in the society, monarch and minister have all become the relationship between ruling and being ruled. The fatalistic ideas such as "I have to die when you command me" and "I have to die when the father lets the son die" have become the rules of action that people must follow when dealing with contradictions and conflicts in life. After the Song Dynasty, there was a filial piety in family precepts. The fundamental content of filial piety is to ask children and grandchildren to obey the instructions of their parents and grandparents absolutely, and the culture of filial piety has become extreme, autocratic, mysterious and ignorant. Under the rule of this thought, a large number of "obedient people" have emerged. Instead of "committing crimes and insurrection", they often sacrificed themselves and destroyed themselves to "fulfill their filial piety" to meet the needs of feudal rule.

In short, from the Han Dynasty to the Song and Ming Dynasties, filial piety culture was brought into the totalitarian political operation system, and its negative significance was brought into full play, from blood to a tool to stifle people's personality.

(b) Changing and adapting to society

In modern society, especially in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, with the acceleration of China's modernization process and the gradual invasion of western culture, the idea of democracy and freedom began to take root in people's hearts, and people's consciousness and subjective consciousness were constantly enhanced. A large number of cultural pioneers began to stand at the height of the times, exposing the absoluteness and absoluteness of feudal filial piety culture from the perspective of natural humanity, and integrating traditional filial piety culture into the connotation of the times. During the May 4th New Culture Movement, the traditional filial piety culture, which was severely criticized, began to wash away years of feudal autocracy and turned to develop a new filial piety culture. Under this guidance, people's awareness of the times and society has gradually increased. Many people can break through the cage and fetters of their families when the main tide of the times comes and society needs personal dedication, stand at the forefront of the times, take the world and society as their own responsibility and do their best for the nation. For example, during the period of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the profound disaster of the Chinese nation, the Confucian morality of loyalty and filial piety was regarded as the spiritual strength and ideological weapon to mobilize and unite the people against Japanese imperialist aggression. 1939, 12 In March, the Supreme Council of National Defense promulgated the Outline of National Spirit Mobilization and Implementation Measures, which pointed out: "Loyalty and filial piety are the foundation of the Chinese nation, and the wealth left by ancestors for 5,000 years is the wealth of future generations. At this moment of national crisis, our compatriots throughout the country should do their utmost to be loyal and filial to the country. " 1on April 26th, 939, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China also issued a letter to all Party comrades about mobilizing the national spirit, which pointed out that "true dutiful sons and grandchildren must be people who are loyal and conscientious to the country and the nation. The only criterion here is loyalty to the majority and filial piety to the majority, not loyalty to the minority and filial piety to the minority. Contrary to the interests of most people, it is not true loyalty and filial piety, but a rebellion of loyalty and filial piety. " "Loyalty to the country and filial piety to the nation" is the transformation and expansion of ancient feudal morality. * * * party member must be a model for practicing this morality and the people ",and demanded that" * * * party member must be called to do its utmost loyalty to defend the country. Here, filial piety has become the spiritual foundation of national unity and prosperity and the core of Chinese national cohesion.

From the continuous development of history, we can see that the traditional filial piety culture has played a stable role in China society and played an irreplaceable role in promoting family harmony, interpersonal harmony and harmony between home and country. Many touching stories about filial piety to parents, respect for the monarch and patriotism spread in the history of China are still talked about and praised by people and become the mother of cultivating Chinese traditional virtues. In addition, the Confucian concept of pan-filial piety, such as expanding people's hearts, making contributions, honoring ancestors, and serving the country and nation, is a kind of positive ethics, which has promoted the development of China society. However, the development of things is always divided into two. There is no doubt that the filial piety culture along the way from feudal society has strong feudal dross, such as overemphasizing the absolute obedience of individuals to families and rulers and emphasizing their own mystery. Like all traditional cultures, we should distinguish between good and bad, distinguish its authenticity and learn to "discard its dross".