How to explain Song Wenhua's introverted characteristics?

This is compared with the Tang dynasty, which was tolerant and open, while the Song dynasty was alive and content with the status quo.

The literary thought of the Song Dynasty is closely related to that of the late Tang Dynasty. Emperor Taizong resolutely opposed Qi Liang's beautiful writing style, demanding that his works be beneficial to politics and religion, advocating equal emphasis on content and art, replacing eroticism with momentum and emotion, and creating a new world, which is called prosperity and character. With the decline of the Tang Dynasty, the literary world appeared a trend of indifference, advocating high sentiment and far-reaching charm, and pursuing formal skills. In the late Tang Dynasty, he returned to the beautiful style of writing and pursued the beauty of poetry.

In the early Northern Song Dynasty, the elegant style of writing in the late Tang Dynasty could not be eradicated. At that time, the popular white style, Kunxi style and late Tang style were all influenced by late Tang poetry. The content is mainly based on the inner feelings in daily life, and the style is very introverted. Song Taizu, Song Taizong and Song Zhenzong all like literature. Song Taizu once invited Ouyang Jiong, a representative writer of Huajian School, to perform in the palace. According to The Story of Stone Forest, Song Taizong thought the domestic political situation was stable and began to pay attention to literature and entertainment. During the period of Song Zhenzong, the poems sung by monarch and minister became more and more frequent. In the second year of Tianxi, Zeng Zhao compiled poems written by ministers into Liang Mingji. It can be seen that chorus poetry is very popular.

With the political stability and economic recovery, the status and cultural self-restraint of literati have gradually improved, and their poetic style is elegant and pure, and they are more inclined to write profound and delicate emotions in words. Scholars' emotional integrity is getting stronger and stronger. They are more and more keen on saving the world and criticizing the reality. With the popularization of ancient Chinese prose, the tendency of "taking words as poems, discussing as poems and learning as poems" began to appear. This tendency inherited the basic ideas of Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan in the middle Tang Dynasty, and emphasized the role of moral education and political change for the purpose of words. These thoughts of moral education originated from Confucianism revived in Song Dynasty, so Ming Dow's thoughts of expressing his will are often reflected in his works.

The famous writers in Song Dynasty are obviously different from those in Tang Dynasty. Writers in the Tang Dynasty have the temperament of poets, while writers in the Song Dynasty are both politicians and thinkers. In addition to writing poems, he also writes books on classics and history, and is also proficient in calligraphy, painting and music. Since the beginning of the Song Dynasty, there have been large-scale collation of ancient books such as Wen Yuan Hua Ying and Tai Ping Guang Ji, which have contributed to the prosperity of literature in the Song Dynasty. Su Dongpo and others believe that poetry should come from learning, in which learning not only comes from books, but also includes personal cultivation. In fact, the academic theme of the Song Dynasty is the settling down of Confucianism and the enlightenment of Buddhism and Taoism. Their works not only reflect emotions, but also describe insights into things. They don't pay attention to form and skill, but pay attention to personal mind and artistic personality. Therefore, they can take prose as poems, poems as words and words as texts, breaking the boundaries of traditional literary genres.

After the first year of Longxing in the Southern Song Dynasty, patriotic poets brought a renaissance to the literature of the Song Dynasty with their bold style and attention to talents. The four great poets of ZTE emphasize self-satisfaction, and pursue being close to nature and life. Neo-Confucianism is popular and affirms moral personality. The literary world has shifted from emphasizing the educational function of literary works to emphasizing the moral personality of literary writers. Writers are required to have the integrity of sages. However, with the Jianghu Poetry School and Yongjia Four Spirits becoming history, the wind of the late Tang Dynasty prevailed again, and writers lost their ideals and ambitions because of their love for lettering.