Dietary Folklore of Dietary Folklore

Folklore is a general term for the cultural phenomena inherited from the life of the civil society, which is expressed through the people's oral, behavioral and psychological manifestations.

Dietary folklore: people in the selection of food raw materials, processing, cooking and eating food in the process, that is, the national food activities in the accumulation of the formation of customs and habits and inheritance, also known as dietary customs, food customs. Including: New Year's Day food customs, daily food customs, life rituals food customs, religious beliefs food customs, food customs of ethnic minorities. "New Year's Eve dinner, reunion dinner on the 30th day of the Lunar New Year"

Time span

Ten days of New Year's worship activities.

New Year's Eve Dinner

The custom of eating rice cakes, dumplings, and lanterns

The custom of drinking Yuanbao tea and New Year's Eve wine

Jing Chu Yearly Record "The rooster crows and rises, and walks in front of the court to burst firecrackers in order to avoid evil spirits. Elderly and young people are all correctly dressed in order to worship and congratulate, into the pepper and cypress wine, drink peach soup, into the tusu wine, gum teeth soup, under the five Xin plate, into the Shik Gan San, take but ghost pills, each into a chicken" The 15th day of the first month of the lunar calendar, the Shangyuan Festival, the Yuansi Festival, the Festival of Lanterns

Origin - the worship of the Taiyi God of Positivity, the use of torches to drive away evil spirits

The Shangyuan Festival is a product of the combination of Buddhism, Taoism and folklore. As early as during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the god "Taiyi" was worshipped. "Taiyi", also known as "Taiyi", is the most honored of the heavenly deities, i.e. the name of God. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty set up an altar in the southeastern suburbs to sacrifice to Taichi, Buddhism was introduced to China, according to the rules of Buddhism, on the day of the first year of the first year in the temples burned lamps to sacrifice to Buddha. Since then, the sacrifice of Taichi God and Buddhism combined with the release of lights on the night of the first day of the first month of the first year of the night, spread to the people, and gradually developed into a spectacle of the lights.

Eating Lantern Festival

Opening Lantern Festival - "Thirteen nights, the four streets open lamps, to the eighteenth day is stopped, called the Lantern Festival, fourteen days, the night of the Panicum powder as a group called the lamp Yuan, enjoy the ancestors Bi, the less long food, take the meaning of reunion."

Sacrifices The origin of Qingming Festival - Cold Food Festival (anti-smoking festival)

Cold Food Festival: April 4, the day before the Qingming Festival. Legend has it that it commemorates Jie Zhi Pui (an important minister at the time of Duke Wen of Jin) in the Spring and Autumn Period.

Duke Wen of Jin gave the name "Qingming Willow" to the resurrected old willow tree, and designated this day as the Qingming Festival.

Chingming was originally a festival. Customs of Sacrifice - The Old Tang Book "May Dec. cold food on the tomb, it is appropriate to make up the five rituals of the people, always for the constant style"

Dietary activities - Zhuxi County Records "Qingming Day, women hairpin willow in the head, to swing as a play, Chen vegetables and food, sacrificing ancestors, each worship sweeping graves, add soil mark money, after the sacrifice, that is, the front of the mat food and drink, happy and disperse.

Jiangnan's Qingming barley and discuss Qingming. The origin of the Duanyang Festival: in honor of Qu Yuan

The custom of eating zongzi - "Qu Yuan May 5 threw Miluo water, the Chu people mourn, to this day to bamboo tubes to store rice to throw the water to sacrifice. Han Jianwu, Changsha District (ou) qu suddenly saw a scholar, since the cloud Sanlu Dafu, said qu: 'heard the gentleman when you see the sacrifice, very good, often years for the theft of auger dragon, this time if there is a benefit, when the Dong leaf plug it, wrapped in colorful silk, these two things auger scrupulous.'

Eating salted eggs, drinking xionghuang wine (to avoid poison and evil)

Duanwu Festival is also the rain festival, farmers festival. As the saying goes, "you have to eat salted egg dumplings to send the cold". The Dragon Boat Festival heralds the imminent arrival of the hot summer, plant and animal life activities into the heyday. It is the Chinese Valentine's Day.

The legend of the Cowherd and the Weaving Maiden.

Begging for coincidences

Common foods on the night of the Tanabata Festival - lozenges, melon seeds, melons, peanuts, and so on. The origin of the Mid-Autumn Festival:

Moon Sacrifice

The legacy of the Autumn Gazette It is the second largest traditional festival in China after the Spring Festival The custom of eating moon cakes:

There is no exact record in history about the formation of the custom of eating moon cakes at the Mid-Autumn Festival, but there are two main types of folklore. The first one is that mooncakes originally originated as a good luck food for the Tang Dynasty army. During the reign of Emperor Gaozu of the Tang Dynasty, General Li Jing was victorious in his conquest of the Xiongnu, and returned in triumph on August 15th. At that time, a businessman from Tubo offered mooncakes to the Tang emperor to celebrate the victory. Li Yuan, the first emperor of the Tang Dynasty, took the gorgeous cake box, took out the cake, and pointed to the bright moon in the sky with a smile and said, "I should invite the toad with the cake." After saying this, the cake was distributed to the ministers to eat together. From then on, the custom of eating mooncakes in mid-autumn was formed.

Men don't worship the moon, women don't sacrifice to the stove" women's activities

--Su Shi "small cakes chewed like the moon, there are crispy and 诒." Ming Dynasty "folk to the moon cake left each other, take the meaning of reunion.

Touching the autumn and send melon - steal melon to the night line, steal, deliberately make the stolen people know, in order to seek its anger, and scold the more powerful the more wonderful. After stealing the melon, they put on clothes, paint their faces, pretend to be children, ride on a bamboo carriage, and have gongs and drums sent to the house of a childless woman. The person who receives the melon must treat the person who delivers the melon to a meal of mooncakes and then put the melon on the bed and sleep with it for the rest of the night. In the morning of the next day, the melon is boiled and eaten, thinking that she will be able to get pregnant from then on. The ninth day of the ninth month of the lunar calendar, the Chinese ancient people to nine for the number of Yang two Yang heavy, so called "Chongyang", Chongyang Festival is also the "Festival of the Elderly". There are climbing, chrysanthemum, drink chrysanthemum wine, eat cake, dogwood, etc.

"Years ago to the month, suddenly back to the ninth day of the ninth month. Nine is the number of Yang, and with the sun and the moon and should be."

Customs of Chrysanthemum Cake on Chrysanthemum Day

Customs of Welcoming Married Daughters Back to Ning

Customs of Chrysanthemum Wine on Chrysanthemum Day and Eating Chrysanthemum Cake According to history, Chrysanthemum Cake is also known as Flower Cake, Chrysanthemum Cake, and Five-Color Cake, and the system is not fixed and is more random. September 9, when the sky is bright, with a piece of cake on the forehead of the children, the mouth read the words, wishing the children all things high, is the ancient people in September for the cake's original intention. The delicate Chongyang cake to be made into nine layers, like a pagoda, the top is also made into two small sheep, in line with the meaning of Chongyang (sheep). Some also inserted a small red paper flag on the cake, and light candles. This is probably the "light", "eat cake" instead of "high" meaning, with a small red paper flag instead of cornelian cherry. Nowadays, there is still no fixed variety of Chung Yeung cakes, and the fluffy cakes eaten at Chung Yeung Festival are called Chung Yeung cakes. Chrysanthemum Appreciation and Drinking Chrysanthemum Wine Chrysanthemum appreciation and drinking chrysanthemum wine is said to have originated with Tao Yuanming, a great poet of the Jin Dynasty. Tao Yuanming was famous for his seclusion, his poetry, his wine, and his love of chrysanthemums; later generations followed his example, and the custom of enjoying chrysanthemums at the Chrysanthemum Festival was born. In the old days, the literati and scholars also combined chrysanthemum-appreciation with banquets and drinks, in order to get closer to Tao Yuanming. In Kaifeng, the capital of Northern Song Dynasty, the chrysanthemum-appreciation style was prevalent, and there were many varieties of chrysanthemums with a variety of colors. Folk also called the ninth month of the lunar calendar "the month of chrysanthemums", and in the Chrysanthemum Festival where chrysanthemums blossomed in the frost, chrysanthemum-viewing became an important part of the festival. After the Qing Dynasty, the practice of chrysanthemum appreciation was particularly prosperous, and not limited to the ninth day of the ninth month, but still the most prosperous before and after the Chrysanthemum Festival.

Cai Sang Zi Chongyang Mao Zedong, life is easy to God is difficult to old, years and years of Chongyang, and now Chongyang, the yellow flowers of the battlefield is very fragrant. September 9, remembering the Shandong brothers (Tang) Wang Wei alone in a foreign land for foreign guests, every festive season doubly homesick. I know the place where my brother climbed to the top of the mountain, but I have to put a cornelian cherry on the top of the mountain. On the 9th day of the 9th month, I climbed to Qishan Mountain (Tang) Du Mu Jianghan, the geese flew in the autumn shadow, and I carried a pot with my guest to Cuiwei. It's hard to meet people in the world and laugh at them, and chrysanthemums have to be inserted all over their heads. But I'll be drunk to honor the festivities, and I won't climb up to the mountain and hate the sunset. I'm sure you'll be able to find a way to get the best out of it, but I'm sure you'll be able to get the best out of it.

September 10th (Tang) Li Bai Yesterday, I climbed to the top of the mountain, this day again raised the goblet. The chrysanthemums are too bitter to be exposed to these two suns. (Tang) Lu Zhaolin September 9, the mountains and rivers, return to the heart look cum wind and smoke. I am sad to see the sky with the geese and geese in the same place. Nine Days in Shuzhong (Tang) Wang Bo On the ninth day of the ninth month, I look at the township platform, he sat in his hometown to send the guest cup. The people are already tired of the bitter south, the geese that come from the north. Winter Solstice, is a very important festival in China's lunar calendar, is also a traditional festival, time in the annual solar calendar between December 22nd or 23rd .

The origin of the winter solstice:

The winter solstice festival originated in the Han Dynasty, flourished in the Tang and Song dynasties, and continues to this day. There is even a "winter solstice is as big as the year" in Qing Jia Lu. This shows that the ancients attached great importance to the winter solstice. People believe that the winter solstice is the natural transformation of yin and yang, and is a blessing from heaven.

The Han Dynasty took the winter solstice as the "Winter Festival", the government should hold a congratulatory ceremony called "He Dong", routine vacation.

The Book of the Later Han Dynasty has this record: "Before and after the winter solstice, the gentleman is quiet and quiet body, all the officials are not listening to politics, choose the auspicious moment and then save." So this day the court up and down to rest, the army on standby, the border closed, business travel stops, friends and relatives with food to give each other, visit each other, happy to have a "quiet body" holiday. Northern regions have the winter solstice slaughter sheep, eat dumplings, eat wontons custom, the southern region in this day have eaten the winter solstice rice ball, winter solstice long noodle habit. Each region in the winter solstice on this day there is also the custom of sacrificing to the sky and ancestors.

Northern "winter solstice dumplings summer solstice noodles"

Northern winter solstice before and after pickling pickles.

Winter solstice drinking wine to protect the cold "November snow, residents embrace the stove drinking wine not out, said 'over the snowy days'"

"Winter solstice, more than the ancestors in the ancestral shrine. Sacrifice after the clan to eat, said 'winter solstice wine'"

The winter solstice is a rich festival, according to legend, the winter solstice in the history of the Zhou dynasty is the New Year's Day, was once a very lively day. In today's Jiangnan area still have: eat the winter solstice night meal long a year old saying, commonly known as "add years". Northern regions have the winter solstice slaughter sheep, eat dumplings, eat wontons custom, the southern region in this day is to eat the winter solstice rice balls, winter solstice long noodle habit. Various regions also have the custom of offering sacrifices to the sky and ancestors on this day of the winter solstice.

The winter solstice has developed over thousands of years, forming a unique seasonal food culture. Such as wontons, dumplings, dumplings, red bean congee, corn cake, etc. can be used as the New Year's food. There were many names of the popular "winter solstice feast", such as eating winter solstice meat, offering winter solstice plate, offering winter solstice dough, wontons to worship the winter, and so on. The origin of the festival into the road - time the eighth day of the twelfth month of the lunar calendar:

Legend One: Lapa Festival is the eighth day of the lunar month (December), originated in the late Yuan and early Ming Dynasty, it is said that Zhu Yuanzhang fell in prison suffering, when it was cold, cold and hungry Zhu Yuanzhang even from the prison rat hole planes to find out some of the red beans, rice, Red dates and other seven or eight kinds of grains and cereals. Zhu Yuanzhang these things into a porridge, because that day is the eighth day of the eighth month of the waxing moon, Zhu Yuanzhang will be beautifully named this pot of miscellaneous grain porridge for the waxing gruel. Enjoy a beautiful meal. Later, Zhu Yuanzhang pacified the world, sitting in the north towards the south as the emperor, in order to commemorate that special day in prison, he then set the day as Lahai Festival, to eat their own day of mixed grain congee formally named Lahai congee. Legend 2: the eighth day of the first month of the Lunar New Year, our people have eaten Laha congee custom. It is said that Laha congee was introduced from India. The founder of Buddhism, Siddhartha Gautama, was the son of King Jinyi of Gavilavi country in the northern part of India (now in Nepal), who saw all living beings suffering from old age, sickness, death and other pains and sufferings and was dissatisfied with the theocratic rule of Brahmins at that time, gave up his throne and went out to cultivate his own home. After six years of asceticism, he attained enlightenment and became a Buddha under the Bodhi tree on the eighth day of the waxing moon. During these six years of asceticism, he ate only one flax and one rice a day. The descendants did not forget his suffering and ate porridge on the eighth day of the Lunar New Year every year to commemorate him. "The eighth day of the eighth month of the Lunar New Year has become the "anniversary of the Buddha's enlightenment". "Lapa" is a grand festival of Buddhism. Before the liberation of all over the Buddhist temple for the bathing Buddha will be, held chanting, and follow the example of Sakyamuni before he became a Taoist, the shepherdess offer milch legend story, with fragrant grain, fruit, such as porridge for the Buddha, called "Lahai congee". And Laha congee will be given to the disciples and the good men and women, and then it will be in the folk custom. It is said that in some monasteries, before the eighth day of the eighth month of the lunar calendar, the monks hold the bowl and go along the streets to collect rice, chestnuts, jujubes, nuts and other materials to be boiled into Laha congee and distribute it to the poor. Legend has it that after eating it, they can get the blessing of Buddha, so the poor people call it "Buddha congee". Lu You of the Southern Song Dynasty wrote in his poem: "The Buddha's congee is given to each other this day, and the festival in the river village is new." It is said that the famous Hangzhou Tianning Temple has a storage of leftovers in the "stacks of rice building," usually the temple monks daily leftovers dried in the sun, the accumulation of a year's surplus, to the eighth day of the eighth month of the Lunar New Year into Lahua congee distributed to believers, known as "Fukushou congee" "Fude congee "It means that after eating it, you can increase your happiness and longevity. Visible at that time the monks of the temple love the virtues of food.

Legend 3: Lapa Festival from the "red beans to beat the ghost" custom. Legend has it that Zhuan Xu, one of the five ancient emperors, had three sons who became evil spirits after their deaths, specializing in scaring children. In ancient times, people generally believed in superstition and were afraid of ghosts and gods, believing that adults and children who suffered from strokes and illnesses and were in poor health were all due to epidemics and ghosts. These evil spirits are not afraid of the world, single afraid of red (red) beans, so there is a "red beans to beat the ghosts," said. Therefore, on the eighth day of the Lunar New Year to red small beans, red small beans porridge, in order to get rid of the disease to welcome the good luck. Legend 4: Lunar New Year's Day out of people's nostalgia for the loyal minister Yue Fei. Back then, Yue Fei led the Department of Jin in Zhuxianzhen, when the harsh winter, Yue's army, food and clothing, starvation and freezing, the people have sent porridge, Yue's army full of a meal sent by the people of the "thousands of porridge", the results of the great victory and return. This day is the eighth day of the twelfth month. After the death of Yue Fei, the people in order to commemorate him, every Lunar New Year's Eve, they will be mixed grains, beans and fruits porridge, and finally become a custom.

"Shun Tianfu Zhi": "Porridge, an eight-treasure porridge,. Every year on the eighth day of the waxing moon, Yonghegong simmering, customized, sent ministers to supervise the production, cover for meals on the Yan. Its porridge with glutinous rice mixed fruits and sugar and boiled, folk every family cook the phase feed."

Hunan folklore - with mash wine, sheep and pigs, sounding wax drums, sacrifices to the gods of the earth and grain.

Preparation of Lapa Rice, Lapa Wine, Lapa Vinegar, Lapa Water, and Sugar Snake Fritters

Lapa congee was boiled with red beans and glutinous rice in ancient times, and then the ingredients gradually increased. Zhou Mi, a native of the Southern Song Dynasty, wrote "The Old Story of Wulin", saying, "The porridge was made with walnuts, pine nuts, milky mushrooms, persimmon mushrooms and persimmon chestnuts, and it was called 'Lahai congee'".

To date, China's southern, northeastern and northwestern areas of the people still retain the custom of eating congee on the eighth day of the month, the Guangdong area has been rare. The materials used vary, mostly with glutinous rice, red beans, dates, chestnuts, peanuts, white fruit, lotus seeds, lilies, etc. cooked into a sweet porridge. There are also added cinnamon, longan meat, candied fruit and other cooking. Eat a bowl of steaming hot congee in winter, both delicious and nutritious, can indeed increase the blessing and longevity. The 23rd day of the Lunar New Year

Source

Legend has it that Zao Wang was the son-in-law of the Jade Emperor, honest, loyal but stubborn, ugly, not pleasing to his father-in-law, and was relegated to the mortal world to be in charge of the household management, specializing in kitchen affairs. At the end of each year, he had to go up to heaven to "visit his family" and "report on his duties", reporting on the situation of each family. Anyone who made a mistake would lose 100 to 300 days of his life, so families did not dare to neglect him. People burn incense, kowtow to the God of the stove, change the idol, offer dolphin wine, offer fish, beans, sugar melon, flowers and fruits and colorful rice food, but also to glue its mouth with gum teeth sugar, smear its face with wine lees, so that the God of the whole year by the smoke and fire last taste of sweetness in order to "say good things to the sky, back to the palace to report good luck" Also: the Yuan Dynasty, the Mongols in order to prevent the Han Chinese Rebellion, every five Han Chinese can only have a chopper, and this chopper is placed in the Mongolian home, only the Mongols agree, Han Chinese can make a fire to open the stove, so the Han Chinese customary to the ancient people of this Mongolia man called "Laozao master", the woman called "Laozao milk", and drew a picture posted in the kitchen, and also the old God. So the Han Chinese used to call this Mongolian man "Lao Zaoyu" and woman "Lao Zaoyu", and also drew a picture and paste it in the kitchen, every new year, this Mongolian to the county to report the situation of the whole village, in order to let the "Lao Zaoyu" "say good things to the sky", to the Lunar New Year's Day 23, every family will send the delicious food to the Mongolian home, called "Zaoyu", "Zai Zao", "Zai Zao". This is called "Zaosai". If you have a chance to see the images of "Old Zao Master" and "Old Zao Milk" in the countryside, you will find that the characters in the picture are dressed in Mongolian clothes.

Chicken bone sugar, stove sugar, gum teeth sugar boiling. "yuan day food gum teeth sugar, take the meaning of glue solid"

"Population porridge" habit - "dream beam record" "25th, the common people's house cooking Red bean congee sacrificial food god, the name is 'population porridge', there are cats, dogs, also pre."