How many Yuan Dynasty theaters are there in Linfen?

Linfen belonged to Pingyang Road in the Yuan Dynasty, which was the birthplace and prosperous place of Yuan opera. There are Yuan dynasty theater and monuments all over Linfen city and countryside, and there exists a time and space sequence of the development of Yuan zazhou opera. The ground artifacts of Linfen Yuan miscellaneous dramas also become the history of the development of miscellaneous dramas in the Yuan generation.

In the thirty-first year of the reign of Yuan Shizu to Yuan (1294), Yuan miscellaneous operas were developed on the basis of Jin Yuanben. In the second year of Jin Da'an (1210), the Houma Jin Tomb, the last newly discovered Jin Dynasty theater remains to date, had a theater model with theater figurines of vice-end, end clay and vice-pure. And at the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, the positive end, the positive Dan gradually became the main role of the opera, the net gags only for the accompaniment, the music form of the opera in the set of the song, the opera action dance, marking the miscellaneous operas the whole set of stage performance system has been formed. Linfen Wei Village Three Kings Temple (also known as "Ox King Temple") Yuan Dynasty theater reflects this situation. Three Kings Temple was built in the Song Dynasty, the stage was first built in the Yuan Zhiyuan twenty years (1283), the stage before and after the two sides of the wall, the audience can be viewed from three sides. Qing Guangxu thirty-four years (1898), there are re-engraved "Cow King Temple in the Yuan Dynasty Tablet", recorded the origin of the temple, the Yuan Dynasty Three Kings Temple and the general appearance of the stage as well as the performance of the rituals at that time. Its cloud "now there are more than twenty villages in the countryside Sai, years of incense won", "the temple pillow village of the northern hill, Gufeng show in front of the Fen Shui ring in the left, the foundation of the Yik terrain, buildings fly, stone columns juxtaposed, music hall majestic", "to the Qing and the birthdays. To the Qing and the birthdays, to set up for the theater, carriages and horses gathered". Can be seen in the Yuan dynasty northern rural theater performance flourishing one spot. Discovered during this period of theater, there are Ruicheng Yongle Palace site Pan Dechong stone coffin miscellaneous carvings, Wanrong too Zhao Village Jik Wang Temple dance hall monument, Hejin Qingjian village Dongyue Temple stage monument, Xiangfen Fen City Temple Leiting monument.

Yuan Chengzong Yuan Zhenyuan years (1295) to Yuan Wenzong to Shun three years (1332), the Yuan miscellaneous plays in the countryside continued to develop, both permanent fixed stage, but also a special miscellaneous plays in the mobile performances around the class. During this period, there were also Ling Kuang Temple Stage in Shang Zhang Village of Hong Dong County, San Lang Temple Stage in Dong Village of Yong Ji, Holy Mother Shrine Stage in Dong Gao Village of Yao Du District, and Qiao Ze Temple Dance Floor in Wuchi Village of Yicheng County.

The first year (1333) to the twenty-eighth year (1368) of Emperor Shundei's reign. At this time, the Yuan Dynasty was corrupt, class conflict, the fierce peasant revolt at the end of the Yuan Dynasty finally overthrew the rule of the Yuan Dynasty. Generally speaking, Yuan miscellaneous operas showed a state of decline, but the war had not yet extended to Linfen, the society was more stable, so Yuan miscellaneous operas continued their activities until the end of the Yuan Dynasty. During this period, there are still new theater established, such as King King Village Niuwang Temple Theater in Hongdong County, whose stone pillars are still standing in the same place; Dongyue Temple Theater in Dongyang Village, Yao Du District; Temple Dance Building Stone Monument in North Anointed Fertility Village, Xiangfen County; Four Sacred Palaces Theater in Caogong Village, Yicheng County; Dongyue Temple Theater in Wangqu Village, Yao Du District; Yuhuang Temple Theater in Nanqincun Village, Hongdong County; Jijik Temple Theater in Fencheng City, Xiangfen County, and so on. Xiangfen County, North Anointed Village stage built in the twenty-fourth year of the Zhizheng (1364), is known today as the last stage of the Yuan Dynasty. It was built in 1364, the last theater known today in the Yuan Dynasty, only four years after Zhu Yuanzhang's return to Hedong after conquering Dadu. Linfen's miscellaneous theater activities lasted throughout the entire Yuan dynasty, and was one of the most fundamental bases for Yuan miscellaneous theater. Author: Zhou Zhengsong