The Relationship between Coal and Electricity in China

The relationship between coal and electricity in China

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2006-2-16

I. Coal is China's

--Coal accounted for the vast majority of China's primary energy consumption in the past

Coal accounted for 95% of primary energy consumption in 1952, around 90% in the 50s and 60s, around 80% in the 70s, around 70% in the 80s and 90s, and still at 65% in 2000, the proportion of coal was still at 65% in 2000, and the proportion of coal in 2000 was still at 65%. 2000 the share of coal was still at 65%.

--Coal will remain the main source of energy for quite a long time to come

According to the former Ministry of Energy's energy development strategy study in 1990-1997, the Chinese Academy of Engineering's "Study on China's Sustainable Energy Strategy" in 1997-1998, and other studies, China's sustainable energy strategy is still the main source of energy.

-- Coal is China's basic energy

China's large population, China's modernization needs energy support, China's efforts to improve the energy structure, and strive for more use of energy, but from China and the world's energy situation, China is also coal as the road to basic energy.

The National People's Congress "Tenth Five-Year Plan" proposed, "energy construction to give full play to the advantages of resources, optimize the energy structure, improve the efficiency of use, and strengthen environmental protection. Coal as a basic energy source, increase the research and development of clean coal technology, accelerate the exploration, development and utilization of domestic oil and gas resources, and actively utilize foreign oil and gas resources, and actively develop hydropower, moderate development of nuclear power, and actively develop new energy sources and renewable energy sources. This is a coal-based energy diversified sustainable development of China's energy development path, which is suitable for China's national conditions of energy development.

Two, coal and power industry is closely related

China once put forward the development and construction of the energy industry should be centered on electricity, coal-based, vividly describes the relationship between China's coal industry and China's electric power industry, electric power industry can not be separated from coal, coal industry can not be separated from the power industry.

-- China's power industry has become the largest user of coal in China

As China's energy structure is coal-based, China's power industry is coal-fired thermal power-based, China in 1952, coal-fired power had accounted for 90.4% of the total installed capacity, the total generating capacity of 82.2%, after the Although the proportion has declined, but in 2000 coal-fired power still accounted for 74.4% of the total installed capacity, accounting for 81.0% of the total power generation. Due to the rapid development of China's power industry power generation coal accounted for the proportion of coal production increased year by year, from 18% in 1980, increased to about 61% in 2000, power generation has become the largest user of the coal industry.

--China's power industry will continue to rely on coal power generation in the future

China's several energy development strategy study that the structure of China's power industry should be diversified, the use of a variety of energy resources, but is limited to the conditions of China even if the active development of hydropower, moderate development of nuclear power, and the active development of new energy and Renewable energy for power generation, it is expected that by 2050 coal-fired power plants should still account for about 50%. This is because:

● China and the world's oil and gas resources are unlikely to fuel China's power plants.

China has developed oil-burning power plants twice before, in the 1970s and 1990s, both of which were converted from coal to oil because of the oil crisis and skyrocketing oil prices, and the same has happened with natural gas-fired power plants, so it is unlikely that China will be able to develop a large number of oil-fired, natural gas-fired power plants.

● China's hydroelectric resources, when fully developed, will not account for a significant portion of the total;

China has the world's richest hydroelectric resources, and it is estimated that the economically exploitable capacity of hydroelectric resources is about 260 million kilowatts, and even if all of them are fully developed and utilized, and if 1 kilowatt per capita is taken into account, this will be enough to solve China's need for 1/6 of the installed capacity of electric power.

● The development of new energy sources and renewable energy generation is unlikely to be significant.

China has abundant new energy and renewable energy resources, China also plans to actively develop and utilize, but the reality of new energy and renewable energy resources can be used for power generation (in addition to hydropower), mainly wind and solar power, these energy sources for power generation is not only a large investment, but also intermittent energy, the need for power storage or with other power plants with the line, so the number of near-term development is not large. The company's business is to develop and market the products and services of the company, so it is not possible to develop a large number of products in the near future.

● Power industry is the world's best clean use of coal sector

The experience of the world's clean use of coal proved that the power industry is the world's best clean use of coal sector, most of the use of clean coal technology are also closely related to the power industry, so many industrially developed countries, in addition to metallurgy and other raw materials such as coal, 80% -90% of coal is used in power generation. are used for power generation. From China's primary energy consumption is dominated by coal, more coal should be converted into electricity to use easier to solve the pollution problem.

From the perspective of solving the pollution problem of China's energy use, China should replace coal with cleaner energy sources, such as oil and natural gas, for residential buildings and transportation. Coal is mainly used in the power generation and industrial sectors, and the power industry already has the potential to eliminate pollutants such as soot, NOx, and SO2, and in the future it will be possible to develop cleaner energy plants with zero emissions of pollutants, including CO2.

Three, coal and power to coordinate the development of

For the consideration of improving the efficiency of coal utilization and the realization of environmental objectives, China should increase the proportion of coal power generation, more coal for centralized power generation. In order to improve the economic efficiency of the coal and power industries, coal, power and transportation should be developed in a coordinated manner.

--Coal, electricity and transportation should be unified planning and coordinated development

China once proposed that energy development and construction should be centered on electricity and based on coal, which is completely correct, and the energy development and construction mentioned here mainly refers to the coal industry. If the construction of the coal industry can be coordinated with the construction of the power industry, it can reduce the long-distance transportation of coal, saving manpower, material resources, saving energy consumption. China's railroad and water transport 40%-50% is used for coal transportation, therefore, coal, electricity, transportation unified planning, coordinated development is very important.

--Development of coal washing of power coal and coal blending of power coal;

China has raised the issue of coal washing of power coal from the early 90's. The calorific value of power coal transported under the sea is required to reach 6,500 kcal/kg, and the calorific value of coal transported across the provinces is required to reach 5,500 kcal/kg. This can reduce the sulfur content and ash content of coal and reduce the transportation cost of transportation, which should be done gradually.

-- hair coal-water slurry instead of oil;

China also has a part of the oil-fired power plant, the oil-fired power plant into a coal-fired power plant is very costly, the use of coal-water slurry is more convenient. China already has advanced coal-water slurry technology, 2 tons of coal-water slurry can replace a ton of heavy oil, 1 ton of coal-water slurry to the factory price of 350-400 yuan or so, while the price of 1 ton of heavy oil in more than 1,500 yuan, with coal-water slurry instead of oil can save a lot of money, flue gas emissions can be in line with the national environmental protection requirements.

--The electric power industry should adopt clean coal combustion technology.

China's thermal power plants have been widely used in electric precipitators, the successful use of low NOx burners on large units, began to carry out desulfurization in some coal-fired power plants to develop the project, if the existing condensing steam thermal power plant desulfurization renovation, it is possible to coal combustion caused by the removal of the vast majority of pollutants. China's power sector has been in Sichuan baima power plant construction of 300,000 kilowatts of circulating fluidized bed boiler hair project, in jiangsu jia power plant construction of pressurized circulating fluidized bed hair project, in shandong yantai construction of the whole coal gasification combined cycle power generation and hair project, with the experience gained from these hair project, and then gradually expand the application of the coal-fired power plants can be a proper solution to the problem of pollution.

Four, conclusion

The next 50 years, China's power industry will continue to maintain a high rate of development, although the future installed capacity of coal-fired power generation and the proportion of power generation will decline, but due to the rapid pace of development of the power industry, the absolute amount of coal-fired power plants will continue to grow rapidly. China had an installed capacity of 319 million kilowatts nationwide in 2000, of which there were about 220 million kilowatts of coal-fired power plants, consuming about 600 million tons of raw coal for power and heat generation. This year, due to the closure of small coal mines in townships and villages, constraints on transportation capacity and the surge in coal exports, there has been a tight state of electric coal, and the use of coal rock for power generation has risen again, restricting the development of coal-fired power plants to a certain extent. We must see, although China has taken measures to improve the energy structure, but coal-fired power plants continue to grow the momentum can not be encountered, a preliminary estimate, if the creation of 2050 per capita installed capacity of the country to reach 1 kilowatt, the country will have to install capacity of more than 1.6 billion kilowatts, of which coal-fired power plants is about 900 million kilowatts or so, Qu when you need to generate electricity and heating with about 2 billion tons of coal. 2050 power generation with coal about 3.3 times the 2000. The coal consumption for power generation in 2050 will be about 3.3 times of that in 2000. Considering the shortage of water resources in coal-producing areas, there may be a considerable number of coal-fired power plants to be built in the seaside, that is, the port power plant, the amount of coal transportation is bound to increase dramatically, in this regard, we must make a good job in the medium and long term of the coal, electricity, transportation planning, and ensure that the period of the coordinated development of coal, electricity, transportation.