Hezhe culture

What are the characteristics of Hezhe culture? General situation of nationalities

Hezhe nationality is a nationality with a long history in northeast China. Mainly distributed in Tongjiang County, Raohe County and Fuyuan County of Heilongjiang Province. A few people are scattered in Huachuan, Yilan and Fuyu counties and some towns and villages in Jiamusi City. Due to different distribution areas, there are different self-names. Datun in Fujin County in the upper reaches of Songhua River is called Beina, and the Wusuli River to Jinkou Village in the lower reaches of Heilongjiang is called Nanai, and Deli Village in Guler is called Nanai 'ao. According to the statistics of the fifth national census in 2000, the Hezhe population is 4640. It is the only ethnic group in northern China who lives by fishing. It uses Hezhe language and belongs to Manchu branch of Manchu-Tungusic language family of Altai language family. Nothing to say. Notes on chopping wood, splitting skin and crusting in early years. Chinese is widely used because it has lived with the Han nationality for a long time.

Fish, leather, wine, God-fearing dogs pulling sledges Hezhe people

According to the statistics of the fifth national census in 200 1, there are more than 4,600 Hezhe ethnic groups in China, which is the smallest ethnic group in China. Most of them live in Tongjiang, Raohe, Fuyuan and other cities and counties in Heilongjiang Province. The Hezhe Township in Jinkou, Tongjiang City, is one of the four Hezhe settlements in China.

The Gate of Hezhe Culture Village ―― Typical Hezhe Architecture Woodcut Gallery

At the entrance of the Cultural Village, I saw the typical Hezhe architecture-Mukereng. Walking into the cultural village, in the Hezhe exhibition hall, which is also a wooden carved dragon building, the tools used by Hezhe people in fishing and hunting production, all kinds of wild animals and hide products captured by Hezhe people, national literature and art, national songs and dances, physical objects and video materials let us have a further perceptual understanding of Hezhe people's living customs, culture and art. A totem column carved from basswood is located outdoors, depicting bears, tigers, deer and so on.

Tracing back to the source, Hezhe nationality

According to historical records, Hezhe nationality can be traced back to the new opening period of Mishan more than 6000 years ago. The pre-Qin period was called Sushen Han Wei, and the Southern and Northern Dynasties was called Buji Sui Tang Heishui Yuan Ming Qing.

The origin of the names of the Nuzhen Hezhe nationality was first recorded and circulated in the Qing Shi Lu in the second year of Kangxi (1662). At present, there are four Hezhe settlements in China, namely, Hekou Hezhe Township in Tongjiang City, Bacha Hezhe Township, Sipai Hezhe Township in Raohe County and Aoqi Village in Aoqi Town, Jiamusi City.

Due to historical reasons, Hezhe nationality is a transnational nationality. There are more than 20 thousand Hezhe people in Russia, and the locals call them Na Nai people. Their national history, national language, religious etiquette, songs and dances, costumes, folk customs and Hezhe nationality in China all have the characteristics of production and life of fishing and hunting nationalities in the northern inland.

Hezhe, who talks about food, clothing, housing and transportation?

Fishing and hunting are the main sources of food and clothing for Hezhe people. Hezhe people like to eat fish, especially raw fish. This custom has been passed down to this day, reflecting the characteristics of this nation different from other nations. Hezhe people always respect killing fish.

Not only do they eat fish and animal meat, but the clothes worn by Hezhe people are also made of fish skin, deer skin and deer skin. Men usually wear fur coats with two rows of buttons made of catfish bones, while women wear fish skins or deerskin robes, which look like cheongsam. Both men and women wear fish skin pants and shoes made of deerskin, deerskin and fish skin. Making clothes with fish skin is also a major specialty of Hezhe women. Therefore, Hezhe nationality is also called "fish skin department" in history. In the exhibition hall of the cultural village, we saw two sets of fish skin suits for men and women sewn with cooked salmon skin, which were exquisite in workmanship and simple in style.

The temporary house where Hezhe people live is in Luoankou.

In terms of residence, Hezhe people live in permanent houses, such as Mukereng, Hera Braided Grass Principal House, and temporary houses, such as Luoankou (spire shack), Hu Rubu (cellar) and Kuanburou (dome shack).

Dog sledding is the main means of transportation for Hezhe people. After training, each dog can pull about 70 kilograms and travel 100 to 150 kilometers every day. Dogs are a good helper of Hezhe people, and play an important role in transportation, hunting, housekeeping and protecting their owners, so Hezhe people are also called "dog department" in history.

With the development of the times, the traditional production and life style of Hezhe nationality is also changing. In Jiejinkou Township, Hezhe people lived in spacious new houses, reclaimed land, developed tourism and lived a happy life. Hezhe people, like other brothers, are moving towards a well-off life.

The ancestors of Hezhe nationality have multiplied in Heilongjiang, Songhua River and Wusuli River basins since ancient times. In ancient times, ethnic groups belonging to the precept system, such as Lou, Buji, Heishui H, Savage Nuzhen, etc., were all related to what ... >: & gt

Folk custom of Hezhe nationality Two or three hundred years ago, cloth and satin began to enter the upper Hezhe family. As the supreme leader, he paid tribute to the dynasties in the Central Plains, and the royal family also rewarded him with cloth and satin. At the end of Qing Dynasty, after cloth was introduced into Sanxingcheng (now yilan county, Heilongjiang Province), Hezhe people used both leather and cloth. After liberation, it was common to wear cloth clothes, and only men went hunting to wear leather clothes. Due to the improvement of raw materials for making clothes, it provides convenient conditions for the rapid development of Hezhe primitive embroidery and pattern art.

The pattern art of Hezhe nationality is very developed. They often embroider various moire patterns, flowers, butterflies and geometric patterns on clothes, shoes, hats and bedding made of fish skins and animal skins. The patterns and patterns embroidered by women on skirts, shawls, vests, hats and trouser legs are more exquisite. Especially the colored embroidery on daily necessities, such as "cock (mouth) flower" and "basket lotus root", has novel and unique composition, which is particularly wonderful. In addition, Hezhe's various patterns, such as fiber-filled patterns, geometric patterns, splicing patterns and sleeve splicing patterns, all reflect Hezhe's wisdom and aesthetic group consciousness from different angles in a unique form.

Hezhe tableware: wooden structure, wooden bowl, deer bone chopsticks, etc. , has a unique style. The carved birch boxes, carved birch suitcases and all kinds of birch handicrafts they made are fine in workmanship and beautifully carved. Birch products have various continuous patterns, moire patterns, landscapes, flowers, birds and animals, and their shapes are vivid and beautiful. "Jida"-the pattern carved on the spear is also famous for its coordination, symmetry and exquisiteness.

Hezhe pattern art absorbs the essence of Han pattern art and can innovate constantly. It is full of the flavor of national life, embodies the characteristics of national production and life, and is full of national characteristics, adding new luster to the artistic treasure house of national embroidery and patterns in China.

The "ship" of Xueyuan

"Towing the sun"-dog sledding (called snowmobile, sledge or ice bed in Han nationality) is the main means of transportation that Hezhe people often use in winter.

Hezhe people keep dogs, which are mainly used to pull sledges. "Drag the sun" is very fast and runs like a fly in the snow. The daily journey can reach more than 200 miles and the load is three or four hundred kilograms. Dogs that "drag the sun" are particularly strong and feed fish in winter. After special training, the first dog can obey the driver's commands such as walking, stopping and turning. Each "drag day gas" can cover three to four to dozens of dogs according to the load. "Towing the Sun" is shaped like a boat, covered with wicker, and can carry people or goods. History books call it "fitzcarraldo". Because Hezhe people are good at using dogs, they are also called "dog department" in history.

From a long time ago, Hezhe people could use "dragging the sun" according to local conditions in Heilongjiang, which is thousands of miles frozen and snowing in Wan Li. During the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, many "dog stations" were set up from Wusuli River to the lower reaches of Heilongjiang and as far away as Sakhalin Island, which promoted the communication between this remote area with cold and snow for half a year and the mainland. The "dog station" is dominated by Hezhe and Feyaka ancestors. It played an important role in guarding the frontier, facilitating the communication between officers and men, conveying political, military and economic tasks, transporting materials, ensuring the supply of medical care and facilities, and promoting economic and cultural exchanges among ethnic groups, which was irreplaceable by other means at that time.

In addition to dragging the sun, Hezhe people generally use skis, sledges, sky falling-birch boats, ancient records-fast horses, Temoken-small board boats, Jila boats, wind boats and boats as means of transportation. In the past hundred years, Hezhe people have replaced dogs with horses. Now, cars, tractors, seeders, combine harvesters and steamboats have been widely used in transportation and production, and some fishermen have bought motorcycles. However, women and children still like to use "dragging the sun" when they go out. In winter, Hezhe people cannot hunt wild animals without "dragging the sun".

Etiquette Festival

Hezhe people pay attention to etiquette and have a good social fashion of respecting the elderly. When the younger generation comes back from a long journey, they should bow to their elders and say hello to their parents and brothers and sisters in turn to show their respect. The elder kissed the younger generation on the forehead to show their affection.

Hezhe people pay attention to festivals, and the "old calendar year" (Spring Festival) is regarded as the biggest festival. "Shkesh" (New Year's Eve) night. Dedicated to "Biebumafa"-three generations of ancestors, "Five yards"-portraits of God, Kitchen God and Vulcan. In their stories, there are many legends about the "old calendar year". Lantern Festival in January, pig's head meat on the second day of February, grave sweeping in Tomb-Sweeping Day in March, Dragon Boat Festival in May and Mid-Autumn Festival in August & gt

What are the national characteristics of Hezhe nationality? Hezhe nationality is a nationality with a long history in northeast China. Mainly distributed in Tongjiang County, Raohe County and Fuyuan County of Heilongjiang Province. A few people are scattered in Huachuan, Yilan and Fuyu counties and some towns and villages in Jiamusi City. Due to different distribution areas, there are different self-names. Datun in Fujin County in the upper reaches of Songhua River is called Beina, and the Wusuli River to Jinkou Village in the lower reaches of Heilongjiang is called Nanai, and Deli Village in Guler is called Nanai 'ao. According to the statistics of the fifth national census in 2000, the Hezhe population is 4640. It is the only ethnic group in northern China who lives by fishing. It uses Hezhe language and belongs to Manchu branch of Manchu-Tungusic language family of Altai language family. Nothing to say. Notes on chopping wood, splitting skin and crusting in early years. Chinese is widely used because it has lived with the Han nationality for a long time. In the Qing Dynasty, some people called one of their tribes Fayakah, and there were several Hezhe tribes outside Russia. Nanai, Urzi, Aoluohe and Udagai are also Hezhe people, and some people propose to establish Nanai language branch.

Fish, leather, wine, God-fearing dogs pulling sledges Hezhe people

According to the statistics of the fifth national census in 200 1, there are more than 4,600 Hezhe ethnic groups in China, which is the smallest ethnic group in China. Most of them live in Tongjiang, Raohe, Fuyuan and other cities and counties in Heilongjiang Province. The Hezhe Township in Jinkou, Tongjiang City, is one of the four Hezhe settlements in China. Hezhezu fish fur clothing

The Gate of Hezhe Culture Village ―― Typical Hezhe Architecture Woodcut Gallery

When singing Hezhe folk song Wusuli Boat Song, the beautiful and stretched "Henina" tune always reminds people of Hezhe people who live in the three northeastern rivers (Heilongjiang, Songhua River and Wusuli River) and make a living by fishing and hunting.

The word Hezhe nationality means "downstream" or "east". Hezhe people call themselves "Japanese seashells", "Naniwo" and "Nanai", which means locals. They are also called "Hezhe people" (meaning "Oriental people") and "Qi Leng" (meaning "people living by the river"). After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the unified nation was named Hezhe. The population is about 4,200, mainly living in Tongjiang City, Raohe County, yilan county and Aoqi Village, a suburb of Jiamusi City.

Hezhe people live in Songhua River, Heilongjiang Province and the lower reaches of Wusuli River in China, namely Sanjiang Plain and Wandashan area. Sanjiang is rich in mountains and rivers, with well-known specialties at home and abroad-locust fish, frog fish, three flowers and five Luo, mink and muskrat ... It has been a rich natural fishing ground and hunting ground since ancient times. People often use "sticks to catch fish, pheasants fly into electric cookers" to describe the richness here. The hard-working Hezhe people have lived for generations.

What are the characteristics of Hezhe fishing and hunting culture? It is the only ethnic group in northern China who lives by fishing. They are experts in fishing. They eat fish and use fish products, including clothes sewn with fish skins, fishing lines and so on.

Please introduce some books about Hezhe culture. Thank you for Hezhe culture in Heilongjiang.

Is there a Hezhe nationality in China t According to the statistics of the fifth national census in 200 1, there are more than 4,600 Hezhe nationalities in China, which is one of the least populated nationalities in China, second only to the Lhoba nationality. Most Hezhe people live in Tongjiang, Fuyuan, Raohe and other cities and counties in Northeast Heilongjiang Province, and the rest are distributed in Jiamusi, Fujin, Jixian, Huachuan and Yilan counties. The Hezhe Township in Jinkou, Tongjiang City, is one of the four Hezhe settlements in China.

Hezhe nationality's East Pole Fuyuan Hezhe nationality's culture is rich in Hezhe nationality's East Pole Fuyuan. They wear traditional costumes, worship the spirituality of all things and worship the most primitive beliefs. On festivals, they will sing' Imakan' and dance' Deer Dance', which is the most eastern Hezhe tribe in the motherland. The way they make clothes is unique. Living in rivers, fish resources are abundant. Therefore, in the early years, when the Hezhe people in Fuyuan came home to fish, women would pick out the fish with better fish quality, knead them into fishskin fishing lines, dye them in various colors with wild flowers, and then sew them into various fishskin costumes with the skillful hands of Hezhe people. They use the remaining fish bones as buckles and pick up all kinds of shells as ornaments. Clothes made of fish skin are light, warm, wear-resistant, waterproof, moisture-proof and easy to dye, especially in winter, which will not harden and freeze. He is a good assistant to the fishing and hunting life of Hezhe people in Fuyuan, Dongji.