Urgently Need an Essay on Appreciation of Opera

Ancient opera occupies an important position in the garden of literature and art in China. What makes ancient Chinese opera different from other literary genres such as poetry, lyrics, literature and fugue is that opera exists both as a text to be read, including the plot of the play, its structure, the off-topic, the palace tone, the tune, the rhetoric, the sound and rhyme, etc.; and it also has a complex art form, including singing, reciting, acting, playing, as well as the stage set and musical accompaniment, which makes it an integrative art. Therefore, opera from germ to maturity is a complex historical process, the development of more than one clue, the source is not only one, whether the content or form, all have a long history. In short, it began in the pre-Qin and Han dynasties, was conceived in the Sui and Tang dynasties, was formed in the Song dynasty, flourished in the Yuan dynasty, and evolved in the Ming and Qing dynasties. Today, Chinese opera has developed into a big family of national opera - Peking Opera - represented by many local operas, which still enriches people's cultural life and brings countless joys to everyone. There are two main threads in the development of ancient Chinese opera, one is from the haiku comical performances at the end of the Western Zhou Dynasty, to the Jiaozhi play in the Hundred Operas of the Western Han Dynasty, and then to the Senjun play in the Tang Dynasty, where the storytelling performances became richer and richer, and gradually became the main part of the drama. The other is from the primitive song and dance to the Sui Dynasty "nine music" formulation, and then to the Tang Dynasty generation of noodles, bowl head, tread rocking the mother and other song and dance theater performance, folk song and dance art has been greatly developed, for the opera official tunes, song, rhyme provides a useful reference for the maturity of the maturity of the sound. The Song Dynasty was a key period in the development of opera. The Song Dynasty in the military theater on the basis of the absorption of the integration of the art of song and dance throughout the ages and the folk talking, singing, shadow play, miscellaneous costumes and other achievements of the skills of the two threads of the comical storytelling and song and dance theater and the integration of the Song miscellaneous drama, the Golden Palace, the Golden House of the book, as well as new literary forms such as the opera. In the Yuan Dynasty, on the basis of Jin Yuanben and Song Miscellaneous Operas, Yuan Miscellaneous Operas possessed all the factors of mature operas, and formed a spectacular momentum of development. The Yuan Dynasty was a period of prosperity for Chinese opera. Yuan Dynasty operas were mainly divided into two categories: miscellaneous operas and southern operas, each of which had its own trajectory of development. Since the southern opera was in a weak stage of development in the early Yuan Dynasty, it could not compete with the miscellaneous operas, so it was Yuan miscellaneous operas that represented the highest literary achievement of the Yuan Dynasty. The reason why Yuan miscellaneous operas were able to achieve the status equal to that of Tang poems and Song lyrics with profound thoughts and exquisite art, and produce a number of artworks that never fail to be passed down to the world, is that a group of outstanding literati participated in the creation of operas with their literary lives, and their own literary quality improved the aesthetic grade of Yuan miscellaneous operas, which made Yuan miscellaneous operas' creations refined and exemplary. Yuan miscellaneous operas have a complete art form, and the script is mainly composed of three parts: singing, bingbai and performance. In terms of system, Yuan miscellaneous operas are organized in folds, with one book usually consisting of four folds, and individually five to six folds. In addition, each book also has one or two scenes, known as the "wedge", the location of the fold or in the fold before or between the two folds, used to introduce the characters, the plot and so on. At the end of each book, there is a pair or two pairs of pairs, called "title". In terms of music, Yuan miscellaneous operas have strict regulations, a fold of the play only a set of tunes, composed of different tunes in the same key, and the same set of tunes are arranged in a fixed order. Yuan miscellaneous operas are sung in Beiqiu (Northern Songs), and the instruments are mainly pipa and other stringed instruments, in a bold and exciting style. In terms of role setting, the roles of Yuan miscellaneous operas are divided into three major categories: end class, Dan class, net class, a play sung by only one person, sung by the end of the play is called "end of the play", sung by the positive Dan's play is called "Dan this play". In the Yuan dynasty, "Ke Fan" was used to define the movements and expressions or to indicate the stage effects, referred to as "Ke". In the Yuan Dynasty nearly a hundred years, the northern miscellaneous drama creation popular throughout the country, writers, emerging a number of outstanding achievements of the playwrights and actors, thousands of scripts, a great view. Famous playwrights include Guan Hanqing, Zheng Dehui, Bai Pu, and Ma Zhiyuan, who are known as the "Four Greats of Yuan Opera". Important works include Dou'e Grievance (Guan), Single Dagger Club (Guan), Wangjiang Pavilion (Guan), Sinister Soul (Zheng), Wutong Rain (Bai), and Autumn in the Han Palace (Ma), which are all popular masterpieces. The great dramatist Wang Shifu created "The Story of the Western Wing", which was called "the best in the world", and became the representative of the highest achievement of Yuan Dynasty opera. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, while the popular vernacular novels gained great development and achieved great success, the Ming and Qing sagas also ushered in the second peak in the history of ancient opera. Opera to the Ming and Qing dynasties are divided into two categories of miscellaneous plays and legends. But the Ming and Qing dynasties legend is not created out of thin air, it is the same lineage with the Song and Yuan southern opera. South opera is the abbreviation of south opera, is popular in the late northern song dynasty in the area of jiangsu and zhejiang folk songs and dances, to the end of the yuan and early ming appeared more mature play "pipa ji" and "jing hairpin ji" "liu zhi yuan white rabbit ji" "bye moon-timing ji" "kill the dog ji", that is, the so-called jing, liu, bye, kill the four major courtyard book. Because of its high artistic achievement, Pipa Story is called "the ancestor of Southern Opera". It laid down the basic pattern of Ming and Qing legends. Legends of the Ming and Qing dynasties evolved on the basis of the Southern Opera, specifically referring to the long opera scripts written in the Southern Opera, which gathered the essence of the Southern Opera and Yuan Miscellaneous Operas, and became one of the important theater genres in the Ming and Qing dynasties. Legend in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, in the content system, stage performance and other aspects than the South Opera have further development, has continued until the middle of the Qing Dynasty Qianlong years, the legend was replaced by local theater until. It can be said that from the beginning of the Ming Dynasty to the rise of local theater in the middle of the Qing Dynasty, this one hundred years