What is the name of the thing that grinds black ink?

Ink, ink, paper, inkstone and inkstone are used to grind ink and hold grinded ink and pens. Because of grinding ink, there is a flat place; There is a depression because there is ink in it. Liu Xi's Interpretation of Names in the Han Dynasty explained: "Those who study inkstone can study ink to satisfy it." . Ink stone, pen, ink and paper are the traditional Four Treasures of the Study in China, and they are the necessary tools for China's calligraphy. The inkstone is not only the stationery of the study, but also a rare collection of literati in past dynasties because of its solid nature and immortality. The materials of inkstones are rich and varied. Besides the end stones, pumice stones, peach stones, mud stones, turquoise stones, HongLing stones, strange stones and chrysanthemum stones, there are dozens of inkstones such as jade inkstones, jade miscellaneous stone inkstones, tile inkstones, lacquer sand inkstones, iron inkstones and porcelain inkstones. Ink stone develops with the development of pen and ink. The earliest inkstone was inkstone. In the Han Dynasty, due to the invention of hand-made ink, ink can be directly ground on inkstone, so inkstone began to develop, and copper inkstone, pottery inkstone, silver inkstone, wooden tire lacquer sand inkstone and so on appeared. The most prominent thing from the Six Dynasties to the Sui Dynasty was the appearance of porcelain inkstones. The Tang Dynasty is an important period for the development of inkstones, with two inkstones, namely Duanshi and Huishi. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the materials for making inkstones were more abundant, including tile inkstones, iron inkstones, tin inkstones, jade inkstones, ivory inkstones and bamboo inkstones. When the study of wooden inkstone began is still inconclusive, but it was mostly in the Qing Dynasty. Wood is not suitable for making inkstones because of its nature, but the romance of literati combined this bold attempt with the ingenuity of craftsmen, leaving us with many exquisite furnishings for the study. Besides inkstones, China also produced some inkstones made of other raw materials. In Han Dynasty, there were tile inkstone, pottery inkstone, jade inkstone, iron inkstone and lacquer inkstone. There were wooden inkstones, porcelain inkstones and bronze inkstones in Jin Dynasty. There were mud inkstones in the Tang Dynasty; In Song Dynasty, there were crystal inkstones, stone inkstones, brick inkstones and natural inkstones. There were fossil inkstones in Ming dynasty; There was paper and inkstone in Qing dynasty; Now there is a rubber inkstone. After a long history, inkstone is no longer a simple stationery, but has become a fine handicraft integrating sculpture and painting, and has become the object of collection of literati. If we want to explore the origin of China inkstone, we may trace it back to the grinding machine that humans used to make tools in primitive society. As a "Four Treasures of the Study" with pen, ink and paper, the literati of all previous dynasties in China cherished inkstone beyond measure. As a fashion trend, inkstone carving, appreciating inkstone and hiding inkstone, with the evolution of social history, inkstone has condensed all kinds of information about China's culture, economy and even aesthetic consciousness in past dynasties. For modern people, ancient inkstone has completed the transformation from practical products to works of art, thus creating its unique collection and financial management value.