Definition and classification of new energy vehicles

I. Classification of new energy vehicles

1. Electric vehicles

Electric vehicles include pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles and fuel cell electric vehicles. Pure electric vehicle refers to the battery as the energy storage unit, the electric motor as the drive system of the car; hybrid electric vehicle refers to the same time equipped with two kinds of power sources - thermal power source (generated by the traditional gasoline engine or diesel engine) and electric power source (battery and electric motor) of the car (the main components of the hybrid vehicle HEV includes engine , electric motor and battery); fuel cell electric vehicles are electric vehicles that use fuel cells as a power source.

2. Gas-fueled vehicles

Gas-fueled vehicles refer to the use of combustible gases as energy-driven vehicles. There are many types of gaseous alternative fuels for automobiles, the common ones are natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas. According to the different forms of combustible gases used in automobiles, the fuels can be divided into three types, namely, compressed natural gas (Compressed Natural Gas, CNG), the main component of which is methane; liquefied natural gas (Liquefied NaturalGas, LNG), the main component of which is methane liquefied by deep freezing; liquefied petroleum gas (Liquefied Petroleum Gas,LPG), the main component is a mixture of propane and butane.

There are generally three types of gas-fueled vehicles, namely, dedicated gas-fueled vehicles, dual-fueled vehicles and dual-fueled vehicles. Dedicated gas-fueled vehicles are liquefied petroleum gas, natural gas or coal gas and other gases for the engine fuel car, this car can give full play to the physical and chemical properties of natural gas, low price, less pollution, is the cleanest car; dual-fueled vehicles are two sets of relatively independent supply system, one set of supply natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas, another set of supply of natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas outside of the fuel, two sets of fuel supply system can be separate but not **. Dual-fuel vehicle means a vehicle with two relatively independent supply systems, one for natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas and the other for fuels other than natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas, and two sets of fuel supply systems can supply fuels to the cylinders separately but not *** together, e.g., gasoline/compressed natural gas dual-fuel vehicle, gasoline/LPG dual-fuel vehicle, etc. Dual-fuel vehicle refers to a vehicle with two sets of fuel supply systems, one for natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas, and another for fuels other than natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas, and the two fuel supply systems supply fuels to the cylinders according to a predetermined ratio, and the fuel supply systems can supply fuels to the cylinders at the same time. The two sets of fuel supply system according to a predetermined ratio to the cylinder to supply fuel, and mixed combustion in the cylinder of the car, such as diesel - compressed natural gas dual-fuel vehicles, diesel - liquefied petroleum gas dual-fuel vehicles.

3. Biofuel cars

Biofuel or biofuel fueled cars are called biofuel cars, compared with traditional cars, biofuel cars structure without significant changes, but emissions are generally lower, such as ethanol-fueled cars and biodiesel cars, etc.

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4. Hydrogen-fueled cars

Hydrogen-fueled cars are cars powered by hydrogen as the main energy source. General cars use gasoline or diesel as the fuel of the internal combustion engine, while hydrogen-fueled cars use gaseous hydrogen as the fuel of the internal combustion engine. There are 3 ways in which hydrogen internal combustion engines are used in automobiles.

① Pure hydrogen internal combustion engine, only produces NOx, but there is deflagration at medium and high loads, and NOx generation is much larger than gasoline engines, the engine power is limited and the hydrogen consumption is large, and the range is short, which need to be further researched to solve these problems.

② Hydrogen / gasoline dual-fuel internal combustion engine, according to the fuel storage conditions can be flexibly selected gasoline or hydrogen into the pure gasoline or pure hydrogen internal combustion engine mode.

③ Hydrogen - gasoline dual-fuel internal combustion engine, can be a small amount of hydrogen as a gasoline additive and air mixing, hydrogen diffusion rate is large, can promote the evaporation of gasoline, atomization and mixing with the air; hydrogen combustion process produces active free radicals, which can make the gasoline flame propagation speed is significantly accelerated to get a greater thermal efficiency, and produces lower emissions.

In addition to the four types of new energy vehicles mentioned above, new energy vehicles also include the use of solar energy, atomic energy and other forms of energy-driven vehicles.

Second, the type of pure electric vehicles

Pure electric vehicles refers to the on-board power supply as the driving force, with an electric motor to drive the wheels, in line with road traffic, safety regulations of the requirements of the vehicle, generally using high-efficiency rechargeable batteries as a power source. Pure electric vehicles do not need to use the internal combustion engine, therefore, the pure electric vehicle motor is equivalent to the engine of a traditional car, the battery is equivalent to the original fuel tank, electricity is a secondary energy, can be derived from wind, water, heat, solar energy and so on.

1. Pure electric vehicle with pure battery as the power source

Pure electric vehicle with a single battery as the power source, only the battery pack is installed, and its electric power and power transmission system is shown in Figure 1-1.

2. Pure electric vehicles equipped with auxiliary power sources

Pure electric vehicles using a single battery as a power source, the specific energy and power of the battery is lower, and the mass and volume of the battery pack is larger. Therefore, auxiliary power sources, such as supercapacitors, generator sets, solar power, etc., are added to some pure electric vehicles to improve the starting performance and increase the driving range of pure electric vehicles. The electric power and power transmission system of a pure electric vehicle equipped with an auxiliary power source is shown in Figure 1-2.