What is the best way to disinfect tableware?

Commonly used: (1) boiling disinfection: put the washed tableware in boiling water for 2-5 minutes; (2) Steam disinfection: put the cleaned tableware into a steam cabinet or box, and disinfect for 5- 100 minutes when the temperature rises to 100℃; (3) Oven disinfection: For example, infrared disinfection cabinet, the temperature is generally around 120℃, and the disinfection duration is 15-20 minutes.

Chemical disinfection

That is, tableware disinfectant is used to disinfect tableware. Chemical disinfection requirements: (1) The selected disinfectants must be tableware disinfectants approved by the health administrative department, and non-tableware disinfectants cannot be used for tableware disinfection; (2) The concentration of tableware disinfectant used for disinfection must reach the concentration specified in the product manual; (3) Soak the tableware in the disinfectant for 10- 15 minutes, so that the tableware can't see the liquid level of the disinfectant; (4) After the tableware is disinfected, the residual disinfectant on the surface of the tableware should be removed with flowing water to remove the odor. When using chemical disinfection, the disinfectant should be updated at any time and cannot be reused for a long time.

dishwasher

When using the tableware washing and disinfecting machine to wash and disinfect tableware, we should pay attention to the following problems: (1) Tableware should be placed on the washing rack according to the set requirements, and it is not allowed to pile up randomly, so as not to affect the washing and disinfecting effect; (2) The working water temperature of the washing machine is controlled at about 80℃; (3) Washing liquid and disinfectant should be prepared temporarily and replaced at any time; (4) After decontamination, check the effect of tableware cleaning and disinfection. Do not meet the hygiene requirements, should be cleaned and disinfected again.

Dishwashers should be overhauled frequently to keep them in normal working condition.

Selection of disinfection methods for tableware

Large or star-rated hotels and restaurants can use dishwashers or tableware sterilizers for tableware disinfection; Small and medium-sized catering industry should be disinfected by heat first; Chemical disinfection method is more suitable for household tableware disinfection or temporary tableware disinfection.

Standard for cleaning and disinfection of tableware

1, tableware surface is smooth, no oil stains, no odor, dry.

2. The residual amount of sodium alkyl iodate on tableware is less than 0. 1 mg/ 100 cm2, and the free residual chlorine is less than 0.3mg/L. ..

3. When the coliform group on tableware is less than 3/ 100 cm2, no pathogenic bacteria can be detected.

[188] Correct use of plastic products

With the development of economy, plastic products are more and more widely used in all aspects of people's production and life. However, due to the different materials, manufacturing and performance of products, especially some products are toxic, which may cause poisoning or serious consequences, so it is very important to use plastic products scientifically and correctly. So, what should you pay attention to when using it?

First, understand the performance of the product and identify whether it is toxic.

This mainly depends on what material the plastic is made of, and whether there are plasticizers and stabilizers added in it. Plastic food bag, milk bottle, bucket, kettle, etc. Generally, most of the polyethylene plastics sold in the market are lubricated by hand, and the surface is like a layer of wax, which is easy to burn. The flame is yellow and has the smell of dripping wax and paraffin. This plastic is non-toxic. Polyvinyl chloride is often used in industrial packaging plastic bags or containers, and lead-containing salt stabilizer is added inside. This kind of plastic is sticky to the touch and does not burn easily. If you leave the fire, it will go out. The flame is green and heavy. This kind of plastic is poisonous.

Second, don't pack oil, vinegar and wine with plastic products at will.

Even the white translucent barrels sold in the market are non-toxic, but they are not suitable for filling oil and vinegar for a long time, otherwise the plastic will expand easily and the oil will oxidize to produce substances harmful to the human body; Attention should also be paid to filling wine, and the time should not be too long, which will reduce the aroma and degree of wine.

It is particularly noteworthy that you should never use toxic PVC barrels to hold oil, vinegar, wine, etc. Otherwise, it will pollute oil, vinegar and wine. People will have headaches, nausea, skin allergies and so on. And seriously damage the bone marrow and liver. In addition, be careful not to use kerosene, gasoline, diesel, toluene, ether, etc. In the barrel, because it is easy to soften and expand the plastic, until it breaks and is damaged, leading to unexpected consequences.

Third, pay attention to maintenance and anti-aging.

When people use plastic products, they often encounter the phenomena of hardening, brittleness, discoloration, cracking and performance degradation, which is plastic aging. In order to solve the aging problem, people often add some antioxidants to make plastics to slow down its aging speed, but this can not fundamentally solve the problem. To make plastic products durable, it is mainly necessary to use them correctly, avoid sun and rain, do not bake or heat them on fire, and do not touch water or oil frequently.

Fourth, waste plastic products should not be burned indiscriminately.

As mentioned above, toxic plastics are not easy to burn, because black smoke, odor and toxic gases will be released when burning, which is harmful to the environment and human body; Non-toxic combustion will also pollute the environment, affect human health and cause various inflammations.

[189] Don't wash blood casually.

Nowadays, there is a fever of "blood washing" in some big cities, which mainly caters to the psychology of "usually eating seaweed and then blood washing to reduce blood fat". However, "blood washing therapy is only suitable for homozygous patients with familial hypercholesterolemia, and it is absolutely unnecessary for patients with hyperlipidemia." This is the suggestion of Professor Lv Zongliang from the Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases of Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital.

Now that people eat well and exercise less, there are more people suffering from hyperlipidemia. In particular, men with successful careers often have high blood lipids because of entertainment. They are worried that hyperlipidemia will lead to arteriosclerosis and heart disease, so they use hemodialysis to try to filter out cholesterol in the blood. However, according to Professor Lv Zongliang from the Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases of Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital, only homozygous patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (both parents are hypercholesterolemia patients and both are passed on to their children, accounting for only one in 100,000) are suitable for this therapy. Such patients often come up with this strategy-"blood washing" (called "blood purification therapy" in medicine) when the treatment is ineffective. The delivery can be done once and for all, but it should be repeated frequently, usually once a week 1-2 times, and each time the cost is 6000-8000 yuan. Not only patients with hyperlipidemia generally do not need to "wash blood", but also patients with hypercholesterolemia in heterozygous families (one parent has passed on hypercholesterolemia to their children) who account for 500% of the population do not need to "wash blood", because the blood lipid of these patients with hyperlipidemia is generally only 200-300, which can be well controlled with drugs, so "wash blood" is really unnecessary. Too much emphasis on "blood purification therapy" is purely misleading.

According to Zhan Zhimin, MD and chief physician of Chaoyang Hospital Heart Center, hyperlipidemia (dyslipidemia) is a metabolic disease and a lifelong disease. The incidence rate is higher, even higher than that of patients with hypertension. At present, more than 60% people in the United States suffer from hyperlipidemia. Because it is a long-term lifelong disease, taking medicine is the best means of maintenance. In addition to the "blood purification therapy" for special people, drugs can now effectively control the blood lipids of most people. Moreover, "blood washing" also has risks: increasing the chance of infection; Blood cell components circulating through the instrument are easy to be destroyed, and some nutrients are easy to be lost; "Washing blood" is not a lifelong "washing". Wash regularly, because blood lipids will rise again in a week or so, no matter how the diet changes. Why? Director Xu said that the sources of blood lipids are exogenous (dietary intake) and endogenous (liver synthesis, which is related to genetic metabolism, etc. After blood washing, we can eat less "three highs" (high in fat, high in protein and high in calories) to reduce the exogenous factors that raise blood lipids, but the influence of endogenous factors on blood lipids is beyond our control. Therefore, "blood washing" is only a temporary one, regardless of life.

"Inconsistency" means imbalance, and the difference is stored in the body, which leads to the deposition of fat in blood vessels and the rise of blood lipid level. Director Zhan Zhimin thinks that the trend of hyperlipidemia is becoming more and more obvious, because of heavy work pressure, eating too well and doing too little exercise. In order to keep blood balance, first of all, we should limit our diet to low-cholesterol foods. Foods with high cholesterol are mainly animal foods, such as egg yolk, animal offal, lard and cream products. Some vegetable oils, such as sunflower oil, corn oil, soybean oil and rapeseed oil, can help lower cholesterol. According to a study, after eating meat for four weeks, the total cholesterol in the blood will increase, and when they switch to vegetarian diet, the cholesterol in the blood will drop to the original level. In addition, it is better to drink no more than 1 Liang (white wine) and no more than 2 Liang (wine) every day, and it also has the effect of resisting cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The second is to do aerobic exercise. A long-term follow-up study by American Aerobic Exercise Metabolism Center shows that there is a certain relationship between exercise level and cholesterol, and increasing exercise can reduce total cholesterol.