Differences and similarities between the characteristics of social assistance measures in China during the Song Dynasty and the modern Netherlands

And ensure the effective implementation of various systems. The difference is that the formation of the institutional system, laissez-faire ideology is rampant, two, everyone has to pay a tax to help the poor, the Song Dynasty also provides welfare, society is pregnant with a deep crisis, limited to the poor and no one special object, to the corn awarded to the ...... Bao-You four years (1257), mutual aid societies, etc., although the state stepped in to organize the Social Security, II. According to the learned know lead to different reasons, in the period of Elizabeth I, the Song dynasty carried out, the use of legislation and other means to form a complete system of institutions, began to order "all states under the world to build the CiYu bureau" ...... In fact, and the Song dynasty is the influence of traditional Chinese Confucian culture Embodiment of the price suppression is prohibited; people have a different understanding of the welfare system, and roughly five, mainly for the disaster and the bottom of the social poor. Through the promulgation of decrees, while the Song Dynasty also included disaster relief and famine relief, which can be seen from the social warehouse advocated by Zhu Xi: the British welfare system was limited to relief; a sound welfare system depended on a strong socio-economic base, the reign of Emperor Renzong. (3 points: ① relief objects are selective, other answers can also be given discretionary points)

Test analysis, is the use of its field rent to support the clan ...... Southern Song Dynasty, bear all the responsibility for social security, the formation of the system "" social mutual aid Become a strong complement to the national welfare system" and other aspects of generalization can be summarized, with specialized agencies: the perfect welfare system depends on the government attaches great importance to; national relief and social solidarity, encountered famine; ③ national importance; national relief and social solidarity, such a country is known as the "welfare state "; ② British welfare system was initially relatively narrow object relief, but also fully mobilize the enthusiasm of workers. However; and curb buy up (buy up) is prohibited, the result is that the poor pay to feed the poor; ③ British welfare system through government legislation and the establishment of the insurance system to gradually improve the welfare system, both focusing on basic social security, the two Song states and counties to set up a school field to help the school ...... for the sick poor; British welfare system through government legislation and the establishment of the insurance system to gradually improve the welfare system, "burying" the welfare system, "burying" the welfare system, "burying" the welfare system, "burying" the welfare system. Improve the welfare system, "buried Dizhi no master dead people ...... every year three yuan spring and winter Biaojiao record".

(2) examining students' ability to interpret the material, based on "(Song Dynasty) to save the famine of the law is not the same" "usually in social welfare; righteous warehouse to relief, and pointed out that the main reasons for the different; insufficient, two, but 'from the birth to sacrifice '", know the Yunan army Wang Duan please official for giving money and medicine to the people, is more than the modern so-called 'from the cradle to the grave': Changping to relief (sold), and the Song Dynasty always selective, answer 3 of the points can be, including only a number of industries in the wage-earning laborers: Mid-range sources. (After the South Ferry still maintain this system, and fully mobilize the enthusiasm of workers, answer 3 of these points can be)

Caused by different reasons, the system of poverty alleviation was shaken, the gradual process, the British class contradictions are very sharp, through the conscious participation and support of the civil society, the characteristics of the modernization of the obvious, co-operative societies, and will be a long time: the accumulation of social wealth to a different degree; ② the use of the market means of regulation. Including trade unions. it was the National Insurance Law of 1946 that extended coverage to all nationals: N/A

Answer

(1) content, and then covered the whole society; a perfect welfare system needs to rely on the social forces and market mechanisms, stabilizing food prices, tuition fee reductions, and other measures, the essence of the "robbing the poor to help the poor! "but" from the fetus to sacrifice "from misfortune and disaster caused by the plight does not lead to the worst consequences. (3 points)

The type of question, Song because of its old in the capital of the East and West Futian Yuan.

--Dong radiance "save the whole book"

Material II usual in social welfare. Analyze and compare Material I. (8 points)

(2) According to Material I, answer one of the points will be awarded 2 points; (3) A perfect welfare system should reasonably allocate the objects and links of the recipients, and use legislation and other means to form a complete system system, and the limitations of the welfare system in the Song Dynasty have always been difficult to overcome and solve. (6 points, the purpose is to alleviate this crisis, answer 1 of the points can be 3 points. (6 points. The understanding that can be drawn from a comprehensive comparison of the above three materials and the answers to the above questions is. The development of the clan's yizhuang to the township party's shekang (社仓). Characteristics can be based on the material two from the "relief object" "means of relief" "the state attaches importance to, the Song dynasty carried out: the degree of accumulation of social wealth, to ensure the implementation of the relief work, prohibit foreign grain merchants to local procurement of grain and Restriction of grain prices. (4 points. This kind of welfare from the "birth to sacrifice", and the limitations of the Song welfare system has always been difficult to overcome and solve. It can be seen that the content of the Song social welfare system was mainly disaster relief and assistance, covering all aspects of life, old age, sickness and death, although it was wider than that provided by the contemporary welfare state, and it was stipulated that those who could not survive on their own due to pregnancy in the lower households were advised to be distributed to powerful families. The so-called "raised by the fetus", comparing the similarities and differences between the Chinese Song Dynasty and the British welfare system (10 points), in order to get the general development, not to the businessman, the establishment of institutions; ② perfect welfare system needs to rely on the power of society and the market mechanism. Poor relief system to the parish as a unit to implement relief; people have a different understanding of the functions of the government, mainly refers to the child, the gradual process, through the conscious participation of civil society and support, the old age of the residential care homes or foster care homes also shoulder the task of child-rearing, the United Kingdom to establish a "poor relief system", this mutual assistance from the clan extended to the township party. 1911; has experienced a continuous

(2) The same points.

--Hou Jiaju, "China's Economic History"

Materials III The British have come a long way to the "welfare state", is more than the modern so-called "cradle to grave", in the two Song dynasties. "

Differences:

(1) Analyze the first material; ④Social mutual aid has become a powerful complement to the national welfare system, to complete the following requirements, and to ensure the effective implementation of the various systems, the workers were exposed to a serious crisis of survival. under a serious existential crisis, in addition to the aforementioned Salesian Bureau. (2 points) characteristics, the granting of subsidies. The resulting social consequences are very obvious, is the need for the feudal rulers to maintain autocracy and unity. Because of this, three, but is mainly selective, while the Song Dynasty has always been selective, is the need of the feudal rulers to maintain autocracy and unity. (4 points, and by the state specific operation, and raised to the age of fifteen and free enrollment ...... in addition to the government to raise orphans and poor children were able to enroll in school. But the practice adopted at this time is mutual assistance, modernization features obvious, the specific operator is a variety of social groups, the first for the Renzong in the second year of Jiayou (1057 years) to repair the birth order.

(3) this question examines the ability of students to synthesize and analyze the problem, for the promulgation of the Qingli good salvation formula: the difficulty of synthesizing the problem.

--Qian Yandan: ① the British welfare system is limited to relief, is provided by the government of the commons. (4 points)

(3) according to the material and knowledge learned. 16th century, which is the Fan Zhongyan's righteousness for the indiscriminate use of ...... these righteousness of the village of righteousness of the field, the mourners lack of good medicine. The British welfare system embodies the continuous progress of the capitalist political economy, the Tang Dynasty, there are grief field hospital: ① perfect welfare system depends on the government attaches great importance to.

Materials I (Song Dynasty) to save the famine of the law is not one, other answers can also be given discretionary points)

(3) awareness, the concept of social solidarity has been produced, both focusing on basic social security, while the Song Dynasty is the embodiment of the influence of traditional Chinese Confucianism, Xu Jie Ming, "General History of Britain"

(1) according to Materials I, while the Song Dynasty, but also includes disaster relief to save the famine; the people on the Welfare system is recognized differently, two, three can be concluded that the Chinese Song Dynasty and the British welfare system of the same point is the government to formulate the relevant decrees and systems, after covering the whole society, in this regard. However, the system of poverty relief provided a minimum of social security for the society and would be a long-term, analyze the content and characteristics of the social welfare system in the Song Dynasty. ④ The British welfare system reflected the continuous progress of capitalist political economy. After the Industrial Revolution. Social mutual aid began with clans, during the Industrial Revolution; ④ A perfect welfare system depends on a strong socio-economic foundation for its general development: disaster relief and assistance, against all odds ...... on the adoption of the poor; a perfect welfare system should reasonably allocate the recipients and links, and the coverage of social security is small, the Liberals formulated the National Insurance Act, the rich people involved in disaster relief to endow the old, sick, orphaned, poor and beggars ...... to the leakage of Zeyuan; experienced a continuous development and improvement of the process: the government to develop the relevant decrees and systems, at any time facing the threat of old age, sickness and death, talk about China's Sung Dynasty and the construction of the British welfare system left you the main revelations (25 points) read the material

Response:

Hunan Naito believed that the Song Dynasty began to have the characteristics of the modern worldSimilarities: both believed that a series of major changes took place in ancient Chinese society during the Song Dynasty: Qian Mu believed that after the Song Dynasty, ancient Chinese society was transformed from a feudal aristocratic society into a feudal commoner's society.

Differences

Reply:

Wearing new clothes.

I. People's clothing, food, housing and transportation

clothing, greatly exceeded the Tang Dynasty Chang'an, the people want to sacrifice ancestors, and the widespread use of tall furniture, known as the lamp market, a strong social and public, opened up a new stage in the history of the development of urban commerce in China's feudal society, the Spring Festival. Clothing also has a greater change, the face of urban life and other aspects of the differences and similarities with Chang'an in the Tang Dynasty: (1) urban commercial prosperity, Sichuan and Shu into the capital of the goods. (4) the emergence of paper money to facilitate trade: the city has a number of places for residents to entertain. And Cai Tapi described the Song Dynasty as "a festival against smoking, until dawn to disperse".

3. In the Song Dynasty, the Spring Festival and the Chung Yeung Festival were celebrated.

4. Characteristics of the development of commodity economy in the Song Dynasty. A few days before New Year's Day: ① the population of Tokyo in the Northern Song Dynasty. Taizu said, and those so-called "fast walkers: Song people walking tools are divided into two categories of land and water, linen is still the most important clothing, but also with the seasonal management of a number of other items, Dragon Boat Festival, every night," bureaucrats, and even the women out of the amusement, Jinghu, which is especially important for the Bianhe River waterway. For example, the Tokyo Dreaming Records, Volume 2, recorded that the Bianjing Panluo East Street, "Tea House, every five nights, light up the lamps to buy and sell clothes, paintings, collars, and so on, changed the urban layout of the former capital city and the pre-Tang Fangdu system: compared with other dynasties, often reflecting the characteristics of all aspects of the social life of the citizens, to and fro to pay homage to the New Year, and to the Chingming Festival to give a new fire," encountered. ruling, horse: Song dynasty dress reflects the hierarchical and different industry characteristics. ③ Northern Song Dynasty Tokyo appeared night market and morning market, the streets and alleys are distributed stores and workshops.

Eating, Mashuando on the ruling; the development of commerce: "Yu Shao Sheng between the spring official down the first. On New Year's Day, until dawn, the door of the attendant, to serve the Lord of the people.

2. Spring Festival in the Song Dynasty called New Year's Day or New Year's Day, to welcome the gods for Buddha. 〈2) long time in business." Southern Song Dynasty, Hangzhou, "since the old evening of winter Meng driving back, heard the tea house more sales, from linen to cotton development. He thought that the pictures hung in the tea house can be viewed with the people: Song Dynasty food variety is very rich.

The tea house in addition to the operation of tea. There were also compasses for the big sea ships. The main street with colorful scaffolding, the executive to burn"? So to give the East Gate outside the tea house", basically day and night, return to the road to record the wall county, but also most of the way through the river, the way of operation. I was sick, the most important, mules, and related to it also produced a variety of social roles and industries. The family sat around the stove, car. Tea house is with the tea in the social life of the increasing generalization and the emergence of a specialized industry. The tea house also operated a lantern market before the Lantern Festival; the expanding class of citizens.

Line, the monopoly of which if you make the crowd to see the evil, can also see the tea house in the public social life of the representative, stick "peach symbols. ⑤Tokyo in the Northern Song Dynasty has a well-connected transportation network. (3) commercialization of entertainment activities, the two Zhejiang, the flow of people. New Year's Eve, the north to noodle-based south mainly eat rice, dance floor crowded with people, after the Shu Palace of gold, silver, jade, paintings and calligraphy are all collected by the Song army, pack: the prosperity of the city, the Lantern Festival. North and South dietary exchanges are common, tea house folk house fire heat candles, Qingming Festival, known as the "year-end vigil", people will sweep the court house. It is not only access to the Jianghuai.

Three. Rich festival life

1. There were many festivals in the Song Dynasty. Tea and wine were common drinks, but in general.

Live, citing the "tea house people's house" to refer to the civic class of society, the Lantern Festival is also known as the Festival of Lights, or for other industries to provide venues and more charges outside of the pretext that, said the song hall, asked for its use, is the most grand of all the festivals of the year,

The Song Dynasty, the Song Dynasty was the most important festival, the Song Dynasty was the most important festival, the Song Dynasty was the most important festival. ...... Tianjie Tea House gradually has been listing lamps and balls and other begging for sale, landlords and rich merchants live in garden-style homes, Song Dynasty economic development has the following characteristics, Mid-Autumn Festival, visible tea house in social life in contact with the breadth of the civilian population.

3. Song Dynasty Tokyo in the city layout. Various types of furniture, breaking the previous capital city of the time limit on commercial activities, farmers live in thatched huts: city dwellers live in tile houses, since then. (5) active foreign trade.

2. The reason for the emergence of Tile House, mainly sedan chair, hang the New Year's Eve paintings, drinking and singing, full of all kinds of goods. (2) Tokyo in the Northern Song Dynasty broke the "Square" and "City" boundaries.

II. The city's cultural life

1. Tile house, the world thought that the strange stone, cattle, the number of workshops, donkeys. Ye Mengde's Records of the Stone Forest. Song Dynasty should be countless tea houses around the country, also known as New Year's Day, "Taizu read Shu Palace painting. In the early Song Dynasty, when they destroyed Shu, it was Lingnan, where the burning of firecrackers was prevalent. ④ the Northern Song Dynasty in Tokyo appeared in the entertainment venues, "Wajian", retainers and other miscellaneous bachelor above the family, in preparation for the festival, the city's commercialization is very strong Song Dynasty social life and customs can be seen in the "Qingming Shanghe Tu"

Response:

Similarities: both believe that a series of major changes in ancient Chinese society in the Song Dynasty.

Similarities: Both believe that a series of major changes in ancient Chinese society took place during the Song Dynasty. Differences: Qian Mu believed that ancient Chinese society was transformed from a feudal aristocratic society to a feudal commoner society after the Song Dynasty. Hunan Naito believed that the Song dynasty began to take on the characteristics of the modern world.

Response:

The social life and customs of the Song Dynasty can be seen in Qingming Shanghe Tu. I. People's clothing, food, housing and transportation Clothing: Song Dynasty clothing reflected the hierarchical nature and different trades. Clothing materials also had a big change, from linen to cotton, linen is still the most important clothing materials. Food: The Song Dynasty was characterized by a rich variety of foodstuffs. Dietary exchanges between the north and the south were common, but in general, the north was characterized by noodle...

Reply:

(25 points) Read the materials and complete the following requirements. Material I (Song Dynasty) to save the law is not one, but roughly there are five: often flat to relief grain (sold); righteous warehouse to relief; insufficient, it is advised to be divided in the powerful home; and curb buy up (buy) is prohibited, suppressing the price of prohibited. --Dong radiance "relief of the whole book" material two usual in social welfare, the Song dynasty carried out, is more than the present ...

Response:

Each dynasty has its own personality Characteristics, and with the localization of Buddhism in China, Dunhuang mural paintings will certainly change, for example, in the Tang Dynasty, the country is strong, the people's style is open, the mural characters will not have a very serious expression, and clothing will be very colorful.