Chinese wrestling in wrestling festival

Chinese wrestling was originally a unarmed combat technique, which developed from the unarmed combat of kicking, hitting, throwing and taking. Ren Fang, a native of the Southern Dynasties, wrote a book called Tales of Different Things, which said that the Chiyou tribe in ancient times had reached a corner and launched a fierce battle with the Huangdi tribe with this technology. According to the Book of Rites, wrestling was listed as a military sport in the Western Zhou Dynasty. There are many examples of wrestling between two people in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period recorded in ancient books. Successive dynasties have trained a group of wrestlers. On festivals, they perform wrestling for emperors and generals to watch, or for foreign envoys to show their martial arts. Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, wrestling has also been a popular competitive sport for the general public to strengthen self-defense. Performance competitions are often held in the square. In the third year of Yuanfeng in the Han Dynasty (BC 108), residents from three hundred miles nearby came to watch the wrestling match. After watching the wrestling performance, Zhang Heng, a great writer and astronomer, praised in "Ode to Two Capitals": "Looking back at the square, the journey is a wonderful play." During the Tang and Song Dynasties, wrestling (sumo wrestling) was carried out more extensively, and exhibition competitions were held twice a year. At that time, the competition had begun to take shape, with established rules, judges and prizes for the winners (the form of the competition was the same as that of sumo in Japan now). The seventy-fourth "Yan Qing Attacks Optimus Prime" in Shui You Zhuan vividly describes the scenes, rules and techniques of wrestling. At that time, a group of national famous wrestlers emerged, such as Meng in the Tang Dynasty, who joined the "Friends of Sumo" (wrestling organization) since childhood and specialized in wrestling activities. He was agile at the age of fourteen or fifteen. When I grow up, I am skilled, often participate in competitions and win many awards. Since then, Wan Ying's call sign has become famous everywhere, but his real name has been forgotten. He has been wrestling for several years, and he is willing to teach skills. "There are hundreds of young people in the five tombs. You Xia, they follow the teachings." There were also women wrestling in the Song Dynasty. Artists who make a living by performing wrestling have existed since ancient times.

Before liberation, there were artists wrestling grounds in Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Nanjing, Jinan and Shenyang. These places are gathering places for wrestling enthusiasts, which have played a certain role in developing wrestling, communicating skills and improving personal skills. Comrade Man Baozhen, one of the authors of Chinese Wrestling, is an old artist in Beijing Tianqiao Wrestling Ground. In ancient times, wrestling was done naked or wearing leather pants (such as the clothes of Japanese sumo wrestlers). We mainly compete for strength and physical strength, and we can punch and kick in the game. We often throw our opponents to the point where they can't resist, so that some games bleed. Later, the rules were gradually improved and the technology developed in a flexible and agile direction. Clothing gradually changed to short-sleeved tops, belts, pants and shoes. Throw your opponent to the ground at three o'clock-touch all parts of your body (including hands, elbows and knees) except your feet. This is failure. The first loser loses, and then it is changed to three strikes and two wins. There is no heavyweight in the game. The traditional form of folk wrestling is that in a certain area, it is organized by an elderly, respected and skilled wrestler, and its members are mostly his sons, nephews, relatives and nearby teenagers. In their spare time, they practice wrestling on land and teach skills for free. At this time, there are often other wrestling veterans as voluntary guidance. Wrestling is the physical contact and direct confrontation between two people, who have to participate in activities from head to toe and from fingers to toes, so engaging in this sport can promote the symmetrical development and muscular development of the human body. In particular, it can cultivate people's physical qualities such as strength, speed, dexterity and flexibility. When wrestling, athletes should have strength. Only when they move quickly can they easily fall down. The so-called "one strength drops ten strengths". However, it is impossible to be dull and stupid, but we should also use our strength skillfully and make good use of our intelligence. The so-called "four fights". Wrestling is a competitive sport with anaerobic metabolism and aerobic metabolism. It takes a lot of effort to finish a game, so as to enhance the functions of cardiovascular system and respiratory system. Wrestling can also cultivate people's courage, determination, perseverance, tenacity, fighting spirit and good sentiment. Although wrestling is a popular competitive sport, it only serves a few people in the old society, and the working people have no conditions to engage in their favorite wrestling.

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After liberation, the Party and the policy are very concerned about people's health, and clearly stipulate that "to carry out various forms of sports activities ... we must attach importance to those martial arts and wrestling that the masses love, and improve them, remove their unscientific parts, so as to make them one of the effective forms to carry out sports activities widely among working people". The State Sports Commission lists Chinese-style wrestling as a national competition, and stipulates to hold a single championship once a year, so that wrestling can develop in an organized, led and planned way. 1957 "Congress of Workers' Wrestling Competition in Eleven Cities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region" was held in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, which pushed the wrestling activities of workers to a climax. 1 National Games, 19 unit 128 athletes participated in Chinese wrestling. Athletes have good physical fitness, solid basic skills and accurate and changeable unique skills. Most people have been trained in national competitions and participated in some inter-provincial competitions many times. They are experienced and innovative in technology. For example, He Runzong, an athlete of the People's Liberation Army (who participated in the national competition for the first time), founded Pi on the basis of the original "chuai" and "chuai flower pocket". Later, many athletes used this technique and made various changes. Coaches and athletes from all over the world also exchanged skills and experiences according to the spirit of the rules, and applied traditional wrestling stunts to Chinese wrestling through in-depth research. After systematic training, not only the technical level has been improved, but also the technical characteristics of each team have become more prominent. For example, athletes in Beijing and Tianjin are good at tricks and tricks to win skillfully. Inner Mongolia athletes are flexible and powerful, and often beat their opponents with techniques such as "fake kicking and real twisting" and "winning".

Xinjiang athletes like to cuddle and fall, and Mullah's "casting a net" (picking up an opponent and throwing it a few times before falling) is necessary. Athletes from Shandong, Liaoning and Henan have solid movements and good basic skills. The Shanxi team's leg hugging is unpredictable. In this sports meeting, technology is developing in an accurate and changeable direction. 1 After the National Games, due to three years of natural disasters, fewer people practiced wrestling and their technical level declined, and Chinese wrestling was once at a low ebb. After 1963, it gradually recovered. Amateur sports schools have wrestling classes and organize various forms of competitions. In the second National Games, the scoring standard was changed to 1 or 2 points according to the opponent's body falling to the ground, which urged athletes to use big moves. In order to encourage athletes to attack actively, score points quickly, make the game more intense and tense, and prevent injury accidents caused by wide differences in technical levels, a game is limited to 10, that is, the game is over and it is judged as an absolute victory. During the ten years of turmoil, all kinds of wrestling. The game stopped, and people were even forbidden to practice wrestling in some places. It was not until 1974 that the national competition was resumed. From 65438 to 0975, there were not many participating units and athletes in the wrestling competition of the Third National Games, and the skills were not developed. After the downfall of the Gang of Four, the wrestling world set things right and gradually resumed normal activities. Private wrestling venues and wrestling teams in factories and mines gradually resumed their activities, and more people practiced Chinese wrestling. Wrestling was listed as the main event in 1982 and 1986 the 2nd and 3rd National Minority Games. In the 4th National Games, wrestling was divided into ten levels. According to the scope of action and the situation of falling to the ground, you can get 1, 2, 3 points. All the athletes have undergone systematic training, and their technical level has generally improved. Techniques and tactics are developing in a positive and rapid direction, and a generation of novices are growing. For example, Dong Yachen, a member of Inner Mongolia, is brave and tenacious, energetic, agile and coherent, good at grasping and using, attacking continuously, and not giving the other side a chance to breathe. His game is invincible, and he is famous for wrestling. Since China started international wrestling (classical wrestling and freestyle wrestling) and judo, it has influenced and promoted Chinese wrestling. Chinese wrestling has absorbed some techniques, tactics and teaching and training methods from international wrestling and judo. For example, over-the-chest wrestling in classical wrestling, leg-hugging in freestyle wrestling, sleeve-back grip in judo and other training methods such as pairing exercises. In terms of rules, it absorbed the absolute victory and negative spirit of international wrestling, made foreign things serve China, enriched the technical arsenal of Chinese wrestling and promoted the development and improvement of Chinese wrestling.

The revised rules of 1986 used in the Sixth National Games should fully reflect the characteristics of Chinese wrestling, from scoring standards to competition costumes. One falls and the other stands. Be careful not to smash, and encourage athletes to use clean techniques. The scoring standard of the rules is based on the scoring principle of wrestling in ancient and modern China and foreign countries-how much to score according to the fall of the opponent and the part of the body that landed. For example, the standard of scoring is to throw the opponent into the air (both feet leave the ground at the same time) and then hit the trunk (shoulder, back, hip, chest, abdomen, hip) or head while still standing. If you don't empty the other person's body, throw him down and let his trunk land, so he can't stand up naturally; Or if you throw your opponent into the air and hit the ground with his trunk, you can only hold him down with your hand and get 2 points. 1 point can only be obtained if the opponent falls to the ground on all fours, or if the opponent falls to the ground. In order to make autumn more intense and exciting, the time of each game is shortened to two, and each game is still 3 minutes. However, athletes are required to take the initiative to attack and are not allowed to defend passively for a long time. Don't attack for 30 seconds, warn once, and reward your opponent 1 point. After three warnings, the game was disqualified. Athletes' wrestling clothes are national red sky blue, and there are patterns on the edge of wrestling clothes. Colors should be beautiful, generous, harmonious and have national characteristics. These regulations not only reflect the national forms and characteristics of Chinese wrestling, but also further promote the improvement and extensive development of Chinese wrestling techniques. Chinese wrestling is a national sport in China. It has a long history and high exercise value, and is deeply loved by urban and rural people. With the vigorous development of China's socialist cause, wrestling will also make a greater leap, and this national sport will surely serve the people better.